اول محاضره بايوكيمستري لسنه 2

[كاجو]

carbohydrates>>

def..most famous organic molocules
empirical formula(CH2O)n
types..monosuccarides,disuccarides oligosuccarides&polysuccarides
[glint]monosuccaride.[/glint]..contain 1 suger unit EX GLUCOSE,FRUCTOSE
[glint]disuccarides...[/glint]2 monosuccaride link with glycosidic link EX...MALTOSE=GLCOSE+GLUCOSE
SUCROSE=GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE
[glint]oligosuccaride[/glint]...contain from 3_12 mono succarides
[glint]polysuccarides....[/glint]contain more than 12 mono succarides
isomers>>>compound have same chemical fomula but differ in structure
EX glucose,fructose
epimers >>>2 mono succarides differ in configuration
ex,,,,,glucose &galactose
glucose&mannose

intramoloculer cyclizationمهم جداا

alpha _glucose>..OHتحت
B_glucose >>>OHفوقSO THEY ARE IN MUTAROTATION

DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATE
IN MOUTH>>>alpha_amylase enzymebreak bonds in starch &on glycogen >>mix of smalller &branched oligosuccarides
IN STOMACH>>>no digestion because high acididty inactivate the enzyme

IN INTESTINE
digestion restsrt becuase it is basic media &give several disuccarides ,oligosuccarides
ther are other mechanisms of transport <<<<<<<<<<<
glucose &galactose transport to muscle need energy,,sodium uptake &carrier

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE مهم جداا

some people has lactate difficiency<<<<lactose pass to intestine<<<by bacterial fermentation lead to........{ CO2 +H2+OTHER METABOLITES}
this lead to :: 1_diarrhea
2_abdominal cramps
3_flatulance انتفاخات واسهال والم بالبطن ارجو اكون افدتكم وان شاء الله احاول الخص لكم المهم بالمحاضرات الجايه ورينا يوفقكم جميعاااا<

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