Plato ( 427 – 347 BCE )
• Plato was the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle .
• Plato wrote in the middle of the 4th century BC in acient Greece .
• Plato was influenced by “Heractius” , “Parmenides” and “Phythagoreans” .
• Plato’s famous work is “Republic” . This book contains Plato own philosophy . It deals with ethics and psychology . Plato ideal love which is called “Platonic Love” is not physical love , it is spiritual . It is the highest form of love .
• Plato founded a new school known as “Academy” . It is from here the word “academics” has originated .
• Of all Plato’s works , the “Timaeus” provides the most detailed ideas in the areas of Physics , Astronomy , Chemistry and Biology .
• Plato’s theory of forms is important . This form has a kind of image . Plato’s forms are good examples . Plato believes that the form of beauty is the perfect beauty , the form of the justice is perfect justice . Having a form in mind was important to Plato .
• Lows is Plato last work .
• Plato’s works are considered great by literary scholars . Plato’s dialogues are read even today and argued by scholars and students . Plato contributed to historical research . Plato is regarded as one of the greatest western philosophers .
Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BCE )
• Aristotle was born in 384 BCE in Greece .
• He joined the “Academy” and studied under Plato .
• Aristotle was Plato’s student .
• Aristotle set up his own school called the “Lyceum” .
• Aristotle is an important figure in acient Greek philosophy . He made contributions to Logic , Metaphysics , Mathematics , Physics Biology , Botany , ethics , Dance and Theatre .
• Aristotle disagreed with Plato’s theory of forms . Aristotle argued that forms are internal of the object , and cannot exist apart from them .
• Aristotle wrote 200 treatises . He was the first to classify areas of human knowledge as mathematics , biology . Some of classifications are still used today . He was the father of the field of logic . He developed system of reasoning .
• Aristotle identified the highest good with virtues , for example a moral person who has certain virtues based on reasoning .
• Aristotle treatises can be divided into many divisions :
 Logic
 Physical works
 Psychological works
 Philosophical works
 Works on natural history
• The works of Aristotle can be grouped under three kinds :
1. Dialogues and other works of a popular works .
2. Collection of facts and materials from scientific treatment .
3. Systematic works .
• For Aristotle , form is not something which is outside the object . It is not abstract form but concert individual thing .