emt-1986
2011- 6- 24, 02:08 AM
Basic Life Support-BLS
&
Cardipulmonary Resuscitation-CPR
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-62023e3762.gif
:BLS Definition
- It is an emergency procedures performed to sustain life.
- Basic life support can buy vital minutes.
- But not commonly restart the heart.
Basic life support algorithm
Check responsiveness.
Call for help.
Open the airway.
Check breathing.
Assess circulation.
CPR, then: Early defibrillation, Followed by advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS).
http://www.trainingonline.net.au/catalog/images/Basic-Flow-Chart-AUS-A3_lg.gif
http://www.ast-services.co.uk/1persres.jpg
- Check responsiveness:
Tap shoulder and shout “Are you ok?”
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-36d954b033.gif
- Call for help:
997
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-f385b82dda.png
A – Airway:
Open the airway with;
Head tilt chin lift
http://www.tiredofcpap.com/images/sleep_apnea_image_rhk9.jpg
http://www.central-sailing.co.uk/images/airway.jpg
http://peoriabb.com/articles/images/image001.gif
http://www.bsa-troop402.org/First_Aid/image16.gif
B – Check For Breathing:
1- Look for chest movement.
2- Listen at the victim's mouth for breath sounds.
3- Feel for air on your cheek.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://myitchyfingers.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/breathing.jpg
- No longer than 10 seconds.
- If you have any doubt whether breathing is normal, act as if it is not normal.
- In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a victim may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy, gasps. Do not confuse this with normal breathing.
- C-CPR:
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://images.teamsugar.com/files/upl0/1/12981/06_2008/CPR.preview.jpg
- Do not rely on a palpable carotid ofeffective arterial flow.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-fa73be6039.gif
- Sequence:
1- Check the victim for a response.
2- If he responds and breathing normally: Leave hem in his position, provided there is no further danger.
3- If he is Unresponsive, but breathing normally: Turn him into the recovery position & call for an ambulance.
4- If he is Unresponsive and not breathing normally: Shout for help.
- Start CPR:
- Turn the victim onto his back.
- Open the airway using head tilt and chin lift.
- How CPR Works:
- Effective CPR provides 1/4 to 1/3 normal blood flow.
- Start CPR Immediately --> Better chance of survival.
- Brain damage starts in 4-6 m.
- Brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR.
- Compressions:
- Rescuers should place their hands in the centre of the chest, rather than to spend more time using the ‘rib margin’ method.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-6fb00b057c.gif
- Kneel by the side of the victim.
- Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://www.wakeems.com/blog/wp-*******/uploads/2007/03/myerscpr.jpg
- Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-5221ae6139.gif (http://www.halaup.com/upload/view.php?file=5221ae6139)
- Position yourself vertically above the victim's chest.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifهذه الصورة مصغره ... نقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصوره بالمقاس الحقيقي ... المقاس الحقيقي 1222x441 .http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-c6e4fc4419.gif
- A 100 times /min.
- Equal Compression and release.
- A compression depth of 4-5 cm.
- Allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression.
- A Combine chest compression with rescue breaths:
- After 30 compressions open the airway again using head tilt and chin lift.
- Blow steadily into his mouth whilst watching for his chest to rise;
- Give each rescue breath over 1 sec.
- Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away and watch for his chest to fall as air comes out.
- Breathing: Mouth To Nose (when to use):
1- Can’t open mouth.
2- Can’t make a good seal.
3- Severely injured mouth.
4- Stomach distension.
5- Mouth to stoma (tracheotomy).
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-d56768c07d.gif
- Stop to recheck the victim only if he starts breathing normally; otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
- Continue until help arrives or victim recovers.
- If the victim starts moving: check breathing.
- When Can I Stop CPR?
1- Victim recovers.
2- Trained help arrives.
3-Too exhausted to continue.
4- Unsafe scene.
5- Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes.
- Why CPR May Fail?
1- Delay in starting.
2- Improper techniques .
3- No ACLS follow-up and delay in defibrillation.
4- Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home.
5- Terminal disease (massive heart attack).
- Injuries Related to CPR:
1- Rib fractures .
2- Laceration to: liver, lung, spleen.
- Complications of CPR:
1- Vomiting --> Aspiration.
- Prevention:
1- Place victim on left side.
2- Wipe vomit from mouth with fingers wrapped in a cloth.
3- Reposition and resume CPR .
2- Stomach Distension.
- Prevention:
1- Don’t blow too hard.
2- Slow rescue breathing .
3- Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway is open.
4- Use mouth to nose method.
- CPR for Infants (Under 1 Year of Age):
- Same procedures except:
1- Seal nose and mouth or nose only.
2- Give shallow “puffs”.
3- Use middle and ring finger.
4- Press sternum 1/2 to 1/3 depth of the chest.
http://*******.revolutionhealth.com/*******images/media-medical-hw-nr55552057.jpg
- CPR - Recovery position:
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-1e2f1b9ccb.gif
- When circulation and breathing have been restored, it is important to:
1- Maintain a good airway.
2- Minimize the risk of inhalation of gastric *******s.
- For this reason the victim should be placed in the recovery position.
- Sequence of the recovery position:
1- Place the arm nearest to you out at right angles to his body, elbow bent with the hand palm uppermost.
2- Bring the far arm across the chest.
3- With your other hand, grasp the far leg just above the knee and pull it up.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-805e1cf362.gif
&
Cardipulmonary Resuscitation-CPR
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-62023e3762.gif
:BLS Definition
- It is an emergency procedures performed to sustain life.
- Basic life support can buy vital minutes.
- But not commonly restart the heart.
Basic life support algorithm
Check responsiveness.
Call for help.
Open the airway.
Check breathing.
Assess circulation.
CPR, then: Early defibrillation, Followed by advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS).
http://www.trainingonline.net.au/catalog/images/Basic-Flow-Chart-AUS-A3_lg.gif
http://www.ast-services.co.uk/1persres.jpg
- Check responsiveness:
Tap shoulder and shout “Are you ok?”
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-36d954b033.gif
- Call for help:
997
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-f385b82dda.png
A – Airway:
Open the airway with;
Head tilt chin lift
http://www.tiredofcpap.com/images/sleep_apnea_image_rhk9.jpg
http://www.central-sailing.co.uk/images/airway.jpg
http://peoriabb.com/articles/images/image001.gif
http://www.bsa-troop402.org/First_Aid/image16.gif
B – Check For Breathing:
1- Look for chest movement.
2- Listen at the victim's mouth for breath sounds.
3- Feel for air on your cheek.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://myitchyfingers.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/breathing.jpg
- No longer than 10 seconds.
- If you have any doubt whether breathing is normal, act as if it is not normal.
- In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a victim may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy, gasps. Do not confuse this with normal breathing.
- C-CPR:
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://images.teamsugar.com/files/upl0/1/12981/06_2008/CPR.preview.jpg
- Do not rely on a palpable carotid ofeffective arterial flow.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-fa73be6039.gif
- Sequence:
1- Check the victim for a response.
2- If he responds and breathing normally: Leave hem in his position, provided there is no further danger.
3- If he is Unresponsive, but breathing normally: Turn him into the recovery position & call for an ambulance.
4- If he is Unresponsive and not breathing normally: Shout for help.
- Start CPR:
- Turn the victim onto his back.
- Open the airway using head tilt and chin lift.
- How CPR Works:
- Effective CPR provides 1/4 to 1/3 normal blood flow.
- Start CPR Immediately --> Better chance of survival.
- Brain damage starts in 4-6 m.
- Brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR.
- Compressions:
- Rescuers should place their hands in the centre of the chest, rather than to spend more time using the ‘rib margin’ method.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-6fb00b057c.gif
- Kneel by the side of the victim.
- Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifنقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصورة بالمقاس الحقيقيhttp://www.wakeems.com/blog/wp-*******/uploads/2007/03/myerscpr.jpg
- Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-5221ae6139.gif (http://www.halaup.com/upload/view.php?file=5221ae6139)
- Position yourself vertically above the victim's chest.
http://mksforum.net/forum/images/statusicon/wol_error.gifهذه الصورة مصغره ... نقره على هذا الشريط لعرض الصوره بالمقاس الحقيقي ... المقاس الحقيقي 1222x441 .http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-c6e4fc4419.gif
- A 100 times /min.
- Equal Compression and release.
- A compression depth of 4-5 cm.
- Allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression.
- A Combine chest compression with rescue breaths:
- After 30 compressions open the airway again using head tilt and chin lift.
- Blow steadily into his mouth whilst watching for his chest to rise;
- Give each rescue breath over 1 sec.
- Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away and watch for his chest to fall as air comes out.
- Breathing: Mouth To Nose (when to use):
1- Can’t open mouth.
2- Can’t make a good seal.
3- Severely injured mouth.
4- Stomach distension.
5- Mouth to stoma (tracheotomy).
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/thumbs/halaq8-d56768c07d.gif
- Stop to recheck the victim only if he starts breathing normally; otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
- Continue until help arrives or victim recovers.
- If the victim starts moving: check breathing.
- When Can I Stop CPR?
1- Victim recovers.
2- Trained help arrives.
3-Too exhausted to continue.
4- Unsafe scene.
5- Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes.
- Why CPR May Fail?
1- Delay in starting.
2- Improper techniques .
3- No ACLS follow-up and delay in defibrillation.
4- Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home.
5- Terminal disease (massive heart attack).
- Injuries Related to CPR:
1- Rib fractures .
2- Laceration to: liver, lung, spleen.
- Complications of CPR:
1- Vomiting --> Aspiration.
- Prevention:
1- Place victim on left side.
2- Wipe vomit from mouth with fingers wrapped in a cloth.
3- Reposition and resume CPR .
2- Stomach Distension.
- Prevention:
1- Don’t blow too hard.
2- Slow rescue breathing .
3- Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway is open.
4- Use mouth to nose method.
- CPR for Infants (Under 1 Year of Age):
- Same procedures except:
1- Seal nose and mouth or nose only.
2- Give shallow “puffs”.
3- Use middle and ring finger.
4- Press sternum 1/2 to 1/3 depth of the chest.
http://*******.revolutionhealth.com/*******images/media-medical-hw-nr55552057.jpg
- CPR - Recovery position:
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-1e2f1b9ccb.gif
- When circulation and breathing have been restored, it is important to:
1- Maintain a good airway.
2- Minimize the risk of inhalation of gastric *******s.
- For this reason the victim should be placed in the recovery position.
- Sequence of the recovery position:
1- Place the arm nearest to you out at right angles to his body, elbow bent with the hand palm uppermost.
2- Bring the far arm across the chest.
3- With your other hand, grasp the far leg just above the knee and pull it up.
http://www.halaup.com/upload/uploads/images/halaq8-805e1cf362.gif