اريد مناقشات ماده مدخل اللغويات

[K-H-R]

السلام عليكم
ياريت اللي عنده مناقشات مدخل اللغويات يعطيني
تعبت وانا ادور عليهم
يعطيكم العافيه

[^Nasser^]

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله

حل المناقشات من 1 الى 5

المناقشة الأولى
-Displacement: It allows language users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment. Displacement allows us to talk about things and places (ogre, Superman) whose existence we cannot even be sure of. -Arbitrariness: There is no natural connection between a linguistic form and its meaning. The connection is quite arbitrary. -Productivity: Humans are continually creating new expressions by manipulating their linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations. This property is described as productivity (or ‘creativity’ or ‘open-endedness’) and essentially means that the potential number of vocal expressions in any human language is infinite. -Cultural transmission: The process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next is described as cultural transmission. We inherit physical features such as brown eyes and dark hair from our parents, we do not inherit their language.

المناقشة الثانية
-Phonemes: are meaningful sounds, if one sound is used instead of the other in a word its meaning will change. /f/ and /v/ fat and vat
-Phones and allophones: phones are different versions of sound-type regularly produced in actual speech. They are phonetic units and appear in square brackets. When we have a set of phones, all of which are versions of one phoneme, we add the prefix “allo-” (one of a closely related set) and refer to them as allophones of that phonemes. [t] sound in the word tar is normally pronounced with a stronger puff of air than is present in the [t] sound in the word star . (aspiration)

المناقشة الثالثة
-Elision: The process of not pronouncing a sound segment that night be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation is described as elision. Examples: you and me (d sound is not pronounced) friendship (d sound is not pronounced) he must be (t sound is not pronounced) .

المناقشة الرابعة
-Syllables like me, to or no have an onset and a nucleus, but no coda. They are known as open syllables. When a coda is present, as in the syllables up, cup, at or hat, they are called closed syllables.

المناقشة الخامسة
ــ Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes and often from seemingly nothing. For example, the following list of words provides some common coinages found in everyday English: aspirin, escalator, band-aid, Frisbee, Google, kerosene, Kleenex, Xerox, zipper.

[روى نجد 1]

الله يعطيك العافيه....
ويوفقك..

[^Nasser^]

الله يعافيك اختي الفاضلة

وبالتوفيق للجميع ان شاء الله

[K-H-R]

يعطيك العافيه اخي الكريم

[K-H-R]

طيب وباقي المحاضرات
ابغى مناقشتهم:060:

[gєℓηαя]

وين باقي المناقشات ؟

[^Nasser^]

المناقشة السادسة
ــ Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words. For example: open and tour .
ــ Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form. For example: re-, -ist, -ed, -s (prefixes and suffixes)

[عبوررر]

جزاك الله خير

[K-H-R]

اعزائي اللي عنده باقي المناقشات لايبخل علينا

[^Nasser^]

حل المناقشة 7 ، 8

المناقشة السابعة
-English has only eight inflectional morphemes.
1-Jim’s two sisters are really different. (possessive, plural)
2-One likes to have fun and is always laughing. (3rd person singular, present participle)
3-The other liked to read and has always taken things seriously. (past tense, past participle)
4-One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter that a mouse. (comparative, superlative) .
ــ (inflectional morphemes are all suffixes)

المناقشة الثامنة
1-Nouns : are often defined as words, which name persons, places or things. For example ( john is a student ) .
2-Articles : are words (a, an, the) used with nouns to form noun phrases classifying those “things” ( I’ll take the apple ) .
3- Adjectives : are words used, typically with nouns, to provide more information about the things referred to (happy people ) .
4- Verbs : are words used to refer to various kinds of actions (go, talk) and states (be, have) involving people and things in events (Sarah is ill and has a sore throat so she can’t talk or go anywhere ) .
5-Adverbs : are words used, typically with verbs, to provide more information about actions, states and events (slowly, yesterday) . Some adverbs (really, very) are also used with adjectives to modify information about things (Really large objects move slowly. I had a very strange experience yesterday ) .
6-Prepositions : are words (at, in, on, near, with, without) used with nouns in phrases providing information about time (at five o’clock, in the morning) , place (on the table, near the window) and other connections (with a knife, without a thought) involving actions and things.
7-Pronouns : are words (she, herself, they, it, you) used in place of noun phrases, typically referring to people and things already known (she talks to herself. They said it belonged to you ) .
8-Conjunctions : are words (and, but, because, when) used to make connections and indicate relationship between events (Dana’s husband was so sweet and he helped her a lot because she couldn't do much when she was pregnant ) .

[المحبه الى الله]

الترتيب غلط اللي عنده ترتبهم صح احسه بعضها غلط

[K-H-R]

اخي ناصر
اذا عندك باقي المناقشات:060:

[^Nasser^]

المناقشات من 9 الى 14

ملاحظة : بعض الحلول ( منقولة ) والبعض الآخر من المحتوى

9-Semantic prototyping is a useful but half step toward compiler-compilers. The idea is to implement the semantic map of L as an interpreter, taking care to make the semantics of the object language as clear as possible (even if to do so makes the interpreter less efficient). As its name suggests, the prototype can serve as a road map for building commercial grade L compilers and interpreters. It can also serve as a road map to L programmers who need to clarify fine points of L semantics.
10- “the entity that performs the action,” technically known as the agent.
“the entity that is involved in or affected by the action,” which is called the theme .
11- Pragmatics is the study of what speakers mean, or “speaker meaning,”. In many ways, pragmatics is the study of “invisible” meaning, or how we recognize what is meant even when it isn’t actually said or written.
12- We use certain types of expressions, called hedges, to show that we are concerned about following the maxims while being co-operative participants in conversation. Hedges can be defined as words or phrases used to indicate that we’re not really sure that what we’re saying is sufficiently correct or complete. We can use sort of or kind of as hedges on the accuracy of our statements, as in descriptions such as His hair was kind of long or The book cover is sort of yellow (rather than It is yellow). These are examples of hedges on the Quality maxim. Other examples would include the expressions listed below that people sometimes put at the beginning of their conversational contributions. As far as I know …, Now, correct me if I’m wrong, but … I’m not absolutely sure, but ….

13- The earliest use of speech-like sounds has been described as cooing. During the first few months of life, the child gradually becomes capable of producing sequences of vowel-like sounds, particularly high vowels similar to [i] and [u]. By four months of age, the developing ability to bring the back of the tongue into regular contact with the back of the palate allows the infant to create sounds similar to the velar consonants [k] and [ɡ], hence the common description as “cooing” or “gooing” for this type of production. Speech perception studies have shown that by the time they are five months old, babies can already hear the difference between the vowels [i] and [a] and discriminate between syllables like [ba] and [ɡa].

14- Positive transfer occurs when something that a person has learned in one situation helps that person learn of perform in another situation. negative transfer occurs when prior knowledge hinders a person's learning or performance at a later time.

[K-H-R]

:d5:Thanks a lot nasser

[nonnh]

وفقك الله ويسر أمورك