Sitah.Alotaibi
2014- 2- 19, 07:41 PM
ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËå
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjXaoxzd5Qs
Lecture 3
Chapter 1
Languages and Learning
ÈÎÕæÕ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ
Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíå ÇÍÈ ÇäÈå Úä æÌæÏ ÎØÇÁ ãä ÇáÏßÊæÑ Ýí Íá ÊãÇÑíä ÇáßáãÇÊ æÊÚÑíÝåÇ ÇÎØÇÁ Ýí ßáãÊíä åã
The condition of being very good at something= Criterion
A quality or value that you use to make ajudgment =Proficiency
ÇãÇ ãÇíÎÕ ãÍÇÖÑÊäÇ ÇáËÇáËå ÊÊßáã Úä ÚÑÖ ÇáãÞÇá æ ÇÌÒÇÁå æßíÝ ÊßÊÈ ÇáãÞÇá ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Úä ÇáãÞÇá
ÇáÇßÇÏíãí æÌÇÈ áäÇ ãÞÇá ÇßÇÏíãí æÞÇã ÈÊÍáíá ÇáãÞÇá Ýí ÈÏÇíå ÑÇÍ äÔæÝ ÇáäÞÇØ Çáãåãå Ýí ÇáãÞÇá æÈÚÏíä
ÇáãÞÇá ÇáÇßÇÏíãí
Introducing the Essay
ÚÑÖ ÇáãÞÇá
In an essay you can:Ýí ÇáãÞÇá íãßäß
expresses an idea or opinion Úä ÝßÑÉ Ãæ ÑÃí ÊÚÈÑ
analyze, explain, or describe someone or some thing ÊÍáíá æÊÝÓíÑ¡ Ãæ æÕÝ ÔÎÕ ãÇ Ãæ ÔíÁ ÈÚÖ
show the relationship between two or more things ÅÙåÇÑ ÇáÚáÇÞÉ Èíä ÇËäíä Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÇáÃÔíÇÁ
solve a problem Íá ãÔßáÉ
or all of the above Ãæ ßá ãÇ ÓÈÞ
ÇáÍíä ÇáãÞÇá ÇáÇßÇÏíãí Çááí ÑÇÍ äÍááå :S_45:
Çåã äÞÇØå Çæ ÇáÚäÇÕÑ Çáãåãå Ýíå :sm5:
An academic essay usually contains four parts: ãÞÇá ÇáÃßÇÏíãíÉ ÚÇÏÉ ãÇ íÍÊæí Úáì ÃÑÈÚÉ ÇÌÒÇÁ
An introductory paragraph ÇáãÞÏãÉ) ) ÝÞÑÉ ÊãåíÏíÉ
A thesis or main idea statements ÃØÑæÍÉ Ãæ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
Body paragraph ÌÓã ÇáÝÞÑÉ
A concluding paragraph ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ
:oao:
ÇáÇä ãØáæÈ ãääÇ ÊÍÏíÏ ÇáÚäÇÕÑ ÇáÊÇáíå
ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÊãåíÏíÉ ( ÇáãÞÏãÉ )
ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
ÝÞÑÉ ÌÓã ÇáãÞÇá
ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÑÈØ Èíä ÇáÃÝßÇÑ
ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ
ÚäæÇä ÇáãÞÇá Student Essay : The Benefits of online
Language Learning
In today's global environment, knowing a foreign language is increasingly important. The ability to speak a foreign language with clarity and fluency isinvaluable for business, education, and when working, living or traveling in another country. Most foreign language teaching occurs in classroom with an instructor, textbooks, and several students. In my opinion, however, one of the best ways to learn a foreign language is self-study, online course. Online language learning is a good way to learn a second language because it's convenient, it's individualized, and it take place in a low-stress environment
Classroom learning is not practical for many people due to time and cost constraints. In addition, taking time away from work or other responsibilities to attend language courses at an institution is difficult for many people. With self-study, online courses, students can take lessons at home or in the office whenever they want. All they need is a computer and an internet connection. For example, a busy executive can take a language lesson during her lunch hour. A parent with small children can study online at night. In addition, because the student doesn't have to drive anywhere, online learning saves money.
A benefit of online language learning is that it's individualized. Many online language courses have pre-tests that assess each student's level. Online Language programs through can also collect information about the student's learning style and need for studying the foreign language so that the material can be adapted to the student's actual situation. In a classroom, there are many students, each with different proficiency levels, different learning styles, and different needs for speaking a foreign languages.
Furthermore, because online material is not as static as it is a textbook, it can be constantly updated relevant for the student.
Finally, with online learning, the learning takes place in a low-stress environment—a private setting with no one else around. This is very important because many studies have shown that stress and anxiety inhibit perception, performance, and retention of linguistic material. In a classroom with several other students, all at different levels and with different needs, students may feel inhibited and fearful of making a mistake. They may be afraid to try to making new sounds or expressing their thoughts in the new language. In addition, an atmosphere of competition that exists in many classrooms can be deadly for some students. In fact, the fear of making mistakes or seeming foolish or childlike in front of others inhibits many people from succeeding in foreign language courses. Online learning solves all of these problems. Alone with a computer, a good online language course, and a microphone, many students can make tremendous progress without the fear of appearing foolish in front of others.
The benefits of online self-study courses are that they are low-cost, people can do them at any time, and they can only do them alone in the privacy of their own home or office. This last benefit is especially important in that many people feel less inhibited about acquiring and practicing language skills when they are alone. In addition, class size at many institutions limits the opportunities for foreign language students to get adequate individual attention. These are just a few of the reasons that an online course is a good way for many people to learn a foreign language.
ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÞÇá
ÝæÇÆÏ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ( ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛÇÊ ) : ãÞÇá ÇáØÇáÈ
ÇáÚÇáã ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáÇíÇã íÚÑÝ ÈÇåãíÉ ÊÒÇíÏ ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå . ÇáÞÏÑÉ Úáì ÇáÊÍÏË ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÈæÖæÍ æØáÇÞå íßæä ÐÇÊ Þíãå , ÇáÚãá , ÇáÊÚáíã æÚäÏãÇ ÊÚãá áÊÚíÔ Çæ ÊÓÇÝÑ áÏæáå ÇÎÑì , Úáì ÇáÇÛáÈ ÊÏÑíÓ ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÊÊã Ýí ÝÕæá ÈæÌæÏ ãÚáã æßÊÇÈ æÈÚÖ ÇáØáÇÈ ,ÈÑÃí .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çä ÇÍÏ ÇÝÖá ÇáØÑÞ áÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå åæ ÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí , ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ.
ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ØÑíÞå ÌíÏå áÊÚáã áÛå ËÇäíå áÇäåÇ ãÑíÍå æÊãíÒÊ æÇÎÐÊ ãßÇäÇ Ýí ÇÎÝÇÖ ÇáÊæÊÑ ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ .
äÙÇã ÇáÝÕæá ÇáÏÑÇÓíå áíÓ ÚãáíÇ ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ , ÇáæÞÊ ÇáßÇÝí æËãä ÇáÊÞíÏ ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ Çáì ÇáæÞÊ ÇáãÃÎæÐ ÇÈÚÏ ãä ÇáÚãá Çæ ÇáãÓÄáíÇÊ áÍÖæÑ ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå ÈÇáãÚÇåÏ ÕÚÈå ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ . ÈÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ Êßãä ÇáØáÇÈ ãä ÇÎÐ ÏÑæÓ ÈÇáãäÒá Çæ ÇáãßÊÈ æÞÊãÇ íÑíÏæä . ßáåã íÍÊÇÌæä ÇáßãÈíæÊÑ æÇÊÕÇá ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ,, ãËáÇ ÇáãÏíÑ ÇáãÔÛæá íÓÊØíÚ ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛå ÎáÇá ÝÊÑÉ ÛÏÇÆå ,ÇáÇÈÇÁ ãÚ ÇØÝÇáåã íßãä ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä áíáÇ.
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì ÇáØáÇÈ ÇáÐíä áíÓ áÏíåã ÓÇÆÞ áÇí ãßÇä íÊÚáãæä Çæä áÇíä áÍÝÙ ÇáãÇá.
ÇáÝÇÆÏå ãä ÊÚáã ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä ßÇäÊ ããíÒå . ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÈÑÇãÌ æßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå áÏíåÇ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ Çæáí áÊÞíã ßá ãÓÊæíÇÊ ÇáØáÇÈ . ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇááÛå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ íãßä Çä ÊÌãÚ ãÚáæãÇÊ Úä äÙÇã ÊÚáã ÇáØáÇÈ æÇÍÊÇíÌåã ááÊÚáã ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå áÐáß áÊÕÈÍ ÇáãæÇÏ ãäÇÓÈå áæÖÚåã ÇáÍÇáí .
Ýí ÇáÝÕæá íæÌÏ ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ áßá ãÓÊæì ãåÇÑå ãÎÊáÝå , íÎÊáÝ äÙÇã ÇáÊÚáíã æíÎÊáÝ ÇáÇÍÊíÇÌ ááÊÍÏË ÈÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå
ÚáÇæÉ Úáì Ðáß Çä ÇáãæÇÏ Ýí ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ áíÓÊ ËÇÈÊå ãËá ÇáßÊÇÈ íßäåÇ Çä ÊÕÈÍ ãáÇÆãå æãÊÌÏÏå ÈÇÓÊãÑÇÑ.
åÐÇ íÌÚá ÎÈÑÉ ÇáÊÚáã ÇßËÑ ÊÔæíÞÇ æÇÑÊÈÇØÇ ÈÇáØáÇÈ.
ÇÎíÑÇ :
ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ íÇÎÐ ãßÇäå Ýí ÇÎÝÇÖ ÇáÊæÊÑ ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ . ãä ÇáØáÇÈ íÑæä Çä Ðáß ÇáÖÛØ æÇáÞáÞ íãäÚ ÇÏÑÇß æÇÏÇÁ æÍÝÙ ãæÇÏ ÇááÛå. Ýí ÇáÝÕá ãÚ ÇáØáÇÈ ÇáÇÎÑíä ßá ÇáãÓÊæíÇÊ ãÎÊáÝå ãÚ ÇÍÊíÇÌÇÊ ãÎÊáÝå, ÇáØáÇÈ ÑÈãÇ íãäÚåã ÔÚæÑ ÇáÎæÝ ãä ÇÑÊßÇÈ ÇáÇÎØÇÁ , åã ÑÈãÇ íÎÇÝæä ãä ãÍÇæáÉ ÌÚá ÇÕæÇÊ ÌÏíÏ åÇæ ÊÝßíÑ ÊÚÈíÑåã ÈÇááÛå ÇáÌÏíÏå .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì Ìæ ÇáÊäÇÝÓ íÓÊãÑ Ðáß Ýí ÇáÝÕæá ÇáÏÑÇÓíå ÇáÐí ÞÏ íÞÊá ÑæÍ ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ.
Ýí ÇáÍÞíÞå ÇáÎæÝ íÌÚá ÇáÇÎØÇÁ íÙåÑ ÈáÇåå æÓÎÇÝå íæÇÌåå ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ ÇáÇÎÑíä ÇáÊí ÊÚíÞåã ãä ÇáäÌÇÍ Ýí ÈÑÇãÌ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå.
ÇáÊÚáã Úä ÈÚÏ íÍá ßá ÇáãÔÇßá . ÝÞØ ÈÇáßãÈíæÊÑ æÇáãíßÑæÝæä, ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä ÌíÏ æÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ íãßä Çä íÖÚ ÊÞÏíã ÑÇÆÚ ÈÏæä ÎæÝ .
ÇáÝÇÆÏå :
ÝæÇÆÏ ÈÑÇãÌ ÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ÇÞá ÊßáÝå ááäÇÓ æíãßäåã ÚãáåÇ Ýí Ãí æÞÊ æíãßäåã ÝÚáåÇ ÝÞØ ÈÎÕæÕíå Ýí ãäÒáåã Çæ ãßÊÈåã.
åÐå ÇáãíÒå ÇáÇÎíÑå åí Çåãíå ÎÇÕå Ýí Çä ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáäÇÓ íÔÚÑæä ÈÞÏÑ ÇÚÇÞåã ãä ÇáÇßÊÓÇÈ æãáÇÍÙÉ ãåÇÑÇÊ ÇááÛå ÚäÏåã , íßæäæä áæÍÏåã, ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå ÍÌã ÇáÈÑÇãÌ Úä ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáãÚÇåÏ ÝÑÕåÇ ãÍÏæÏ ááØáÇÈ ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌäÈíå áÇÎÐ ÇÓÊÚÏÇÏ ÔÎÕí ßÇÝí.
åÐå ÝÞØ ÇáÞáíá ãä ÇÓÈÇÈ ÝæÇÆÏ ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ Êßæä ØÑíÞå ÌíÏå ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ áÊÚáã ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå.
:oao:
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËå
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjXaoxzd5Qs
Lecture 3
Chapter 1
Languages and Learning
ÈÎÕæÕ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ
Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíå ÇÍÈ ÇäÈå Úä æÌæÏ ÎØÇÁ ãä ÇáÏßÊæÑ Ýí Íá ÊãÇÑíä ÇáßáãÇÊ æÊÚÑíÝåÇ ÇÎØÇÁ Ýí ßáãÊíä åã
The condition of being very good at something= Criterion
A quality or value that you use to make ajudgment =Proficiency
ÇãÇ ãÇíÎÕ ãÍÇÖÑÊäÇ ÇáËÇáËå ÊÊßáã Úä ÚÑÖ ÇáãÞÇá æ ÇÌÒÇÁå æßíÝ ÊßÊÈ ÇáãÞÇá ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Úä ÇáãÞÇá
ÇáÇßÇÏíãí æÌÇÈ áäÇ ãÞÇá ÇßÇÏíãí æÞÇã ÈÊÍáíá ÇáãÞÇá Ýí ÈÏÇíå ÑÇÍ äÔæÝ ÇáäÞÇØ Çáãåãå Ýí ÇáãÞÇá æÈÚÏíä
ÇáãÞÇá ÇáÇßÇÏíãí
Introducing the Essay
ÚÑÖ ÇáãÞÇá
In an essay you can:Ýí ÇáãÞÇá íãßäß
expresses an idea or opinion Úä ÝßÑÉ Ãæ ÑÃí ÊÚÈÑ
analyze, explain, or describe someone or some thing ÊÍáíá æÊÝÓíÑ¡ Ãæ æÕÝ ÔÎÕ ãÇ Ãæ ÔíÁ ÈÚÖ
show the relationship between two or more things ÅÙåÇÑ ÇáÚáÇÞÉ Èíä ÇËäíä Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÇáÃÔíÇÁ
solve a problem Íá ãÔßáÉ
or all of the above Ãæ ßá ãÇ ÓÈÞ
ÇáÍíä ÇáãÞÇá ÇáÇßÇÏíãí Çááí ÑÇÍ äÍááå :S_45:
Çåã äÞÇØå Çæ ÇáÚäÇÕÑ Çáãåãå Ýíå :sm5:
An academic essay usually contains four parts: ãÞÇá ÇáÃßÇÏíãíÉ ÚÇÏÉ ãÇ íÍÊæí Úáì ÃÑÈÚÉ ÇÌÒÇÁ
An introductory paragraph ÇáãÞÏãÉ) ) ÝÞÑÉ ÊãåíÏíÉ
A thesis or main idea statements ÃØÑæÍÉ Ãæ ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
Body paragraph ÌÓã ÇáÝÞÑÉ
A concluding paragraph ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ
:oao:
ÇáÇä ãØáæÈ ãääÇ ÊÍÏíÏ ÇáÚäÇÕÑ ÇáÊÇáíå
ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÊãåíÏíÉ ( ÇáãÞÏãÉ )
ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
ÝÞÑÉ ÌÓã ÇáãÞÇá
ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÑÈØ Èíä ÇáÃÝßÇÑ
ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ
ÚäæÇä ÇáãÞÇá Student Essay : The Benefits of online
Language Learning
In today's global environment, knowing a foreign language is increasingly important. The ability to speak a foreign language with clarity and fluency isinvaluable for business, education, and when working, living or traveling in another country. Most foreign language teaching occurs in classroom with an instructor, textbooks, and several students. In my opinion, however, one of the best ways to learn a foreign language is self-study, online course. Online language learning is a good way to learn a second language because it's convenient, it's individualized, and it take place in a low-stress environment
Classroom learning is not practical for many people due to time and cost constraints. In addition, taking time away from work or other responsibilities to attend language courses at an institution is difficult for many people. With self-study, online courses, students can take lessons at home or in the office whenever they want. All they need is a computer and an internet connection. For example, a busy executive can take a language lesson during her lunch hour. A parent with small children can study online at night. In addition, because the student doesn't have to drive anywhere, online learning saves money.
A benefit of online language learning is that it's individualized. Many online language courses have pre-tests that assess each student's level. Online Language programs through can also collect information about the student's learning style and need for studying the foreign language so that the material can be adapted to the student's actual situation. In a classroom, there are many students, each with different proficiency levels, different learning styles, and different needs for speaking a foreign languages.
Furthermore, because online material is not as static as it is a textbook, it can be constantly updated relevant for the student.
Finally, with online learning, the learning takes place in a low-stress environment—a private setting with no one else around. This is very important because many studies have shown that stress and anxiety inhibit perception, performance, and retention of linguistic material. In a classroom with several other students, all at different levels and with different needs, students may feel inhibited and fearful of making a mistake. They may be afraid to try to making new sounds or expressing their thoughts in the new language. In addition, an atmosphere of competition that exists in many classrooms can be deadly for some students. In fact, the fear of making mistakes or seeming foolish or childlike in front of others inhibits many people from succeeding in foreign language courses. Online learning solves all of these problems. Alone with a computer, a good online language course, and a microphone, many students can make tremendous progress without the fear of appearing foolish in front of others.
The benefits of online self-study courses are that they are low-cost, people can do them at any time, and they can only do them alone in the privacy of their own home or office. This last benefit is especially important in that many people feel less inhibited about acquiring and practicing language skills when they are alone. In addition, class size at many institutions limits the opportunities for foreign language students to get adequate individual attention. These are just a few of the reasons that an online course is a good way for many people to learn a foreign language.
ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÞÇá
ÝæÇÆÏ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ( ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛÇÊ ) : ãÞÇá ÇáØÇáÈ
ÇáÚÇáã ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáÇíÇã íÚÑÝ ÈÇåãíÉ ÊÒÇíÏ ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå . ÇáÞÏÑÉ Úáì ÇáÊÍÏË ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÈæÖæÍ æØáÇÞå íßæä ÐÇÊ Þíãå , ÇáÚãá , ÇáÊÚáíã æÚäÏãÇ ÊÚãá áÊÚíÔ Çæ ÊÓÇÝÑ áÏæáå ÇÎÑì , Úáì ÇáÇÛáÈ ÊÏÑíÓ ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÊÊã Ýí ÝÕæá ÈæÌæÏ ãÚáã æßÊÇÈ æÈÚÖ ÇáØáÇÈ ,ÈÑÃí .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çä ÇÍÏ ÇÝÖá ÇáØÑÞ áÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå åæ ÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí , ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ.
ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ØÑíÞå ÌíÏå áÊÚáã áÛå ËÇäíå áÇäåÇ ãÑíÍå æÊãíÒÊ æÇÎÐÊ ãßÇäÇ Ýí ÇÎÝÇÖ ÇáÊæÊÑ ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ .
äÙÇã ÇáÝÕæá ÇáÏÑÇÓíå áíÓ ÚãáíÇ ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ , ÇáæÞÊ ÇáßÇÝí æËãä ÇáÊÞíÏ ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ Çáì ÇáæÞÊ ÇáãÃÎæÐ ÇÈÚÏ ãä ÇáÚãá Çæ ÇáãÓÄáíÇÊ áÍÖæÑ ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå ÈÇáãÚÇåÏ ÕÚÈå ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ . ÈÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ Êßãä ÇáØáÇÈ ãä ÇÎÐ ÏÑæÓ ÈÇáãäÒá Çæ ÇáãßÊÈ æÞÊãÇ íÑíÏæä . ßáåã íÍÊÇÌæä ÇáßãÈíæÊÑ æÇÊÕÇá ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ,, ãËáÇ ÇáãÏíÑ ÇáãÔÛæá íÓÊØíÚ ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛå ÎáÇá ÝÊÑÉ ÛÏÇÆå ,ÇáÇÈÇÁ ãÚ ÇØÝÇáåã íßãä ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä áíáÇ.
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì ÇáØáÇÈ ÇáÐíä áíÓ áÏíåã ÓÇÆÞ áÇí ãßÇä íÊÚáãæä Çæä áÇíä áÍÝÙ ÇáãÇá.
ÇáÝÇÆÏå ãä ÊÚáã ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä ßÇäÊ ããíÒå . ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÈÑÇãÌ æßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå áÏíåÇ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ Çæáí áÊÞíã ßá ãÓÊæíÇÊ ÇáØáÇÈ . ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇááÛå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ íãßä Çä ÊÌãÚ ãÚáæãÇÊ Úä äÙÇã ÊÚáã ÇáØáÇÈ æÇÍÊÇíÌåã ááÊÚáã ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå áÐáß áÊÕÈÍ ÇáãæÇÏ ãäÇÓÈå áæÖÚåã ÇáÍÇáí .
Ýí ÇáÝÕæá íæÌÏ ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ áßá ãÓÊæì ãåÇÑå ãÎÊáÝå , íÎÊáÝ äÙÇã ÇáÊÚáíã æíÎÊáÝ ÇáÇÍÊíÇÌ ááÊÍÏË ÈÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå
ÚáÇæÉ Úáì Ðáß Çä ÇáãæÇÏ Ýí ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ áíÓÊ ËÇÈÊå ãËá ÇáßÊÇÈ íßäåÇ Çä ÊÕÈÍ ãáÇÆãå æãÊÌÏÏå ÈÇÓÊãÑÇÑ.
åÐÇ íÌÚá ÎÈÑÉ ÇáÊÚáã ÇßËÑ ÊÔæíÞÇ æÇÑÊÈÇØÇ ÈÇáØáÇÈ.
ÇÎíÑÇ :
ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ íÇÎÐ ãßÇäå Ýí ÇÎÝÇÖ ÇáÊæÊÑ ÇáãÍíØ ÈäÇ . ãä ÇáØáÇÈ íÑæä Çä Ðáß ÇáÖÛØ æÇáÞáÞ íãäÚ ÇÏÑÇß æÇÏÇÁ æÍÝÙ ãæÇÏ ÇááÛå. Ýí ÇáÝÕá ãÚ ÇáØáÇÈ ÇáÇÎÑíä ßá ÇáãÓÊæíÇÊ ãÎÊáÝå ãÚ ÇÍÊíÇÌÇÊ ãÎÊáÝå, ÇáØáÇÈ ÑÈãÇ íãäÚåã ÔÚæÑ ÇáÎæÝ ãä ÇÑÊßÇÈ ÇáÇÎØÇÁ , åã ÑÈãÇ íÎÇÝæä ãä ãÍÇæáÉ ÌÚá ÇÕæÇÊ ÌÏíÏ åÇæ ÊÝßíÑ ÊÚÈíÑåã ÈÇááÛå ÇáÌÏíÏå .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì Ìæ ÇáÊäÇÝÓ íÓÊãÑ Ðáß Ýí ÇáÝÕæá ÇáÏÑÇÓíå ÇáÐí ÞÏ íÞÊá ÑæÍ ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ.
Ýí ÇáÍÞíÞå ÇáÎæÝ íÌÚá ÇáÇÎØÇÁ íÙåÑ ÈáÇåå æÓÎÇÝå íæÇÌåå ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ ÇáÇÎÑíä ÇáÊí ÊÚíÞåã ãä ÇáäÌÇÍ Ýí ÈÑÇãÌ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌäÈíå.
ÇáÊÚáã Úä ÈÚÏ íÍá ßá ÇáãÔÇßá . ÝÞØ ÈÇáßãÈíæÊÑ æÇáãíßÑæÝæä, ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇááÛå Çæä áÇíä ÌíÏ æÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáØáÇÈ íãßä Çä íÖÚ ÊÞÏíã ÑÇÆÚ ÈÏæä ÎæÝ .
ÇáÝÇÆÏå :
ÝæÇÆÏ ÈÑÇãÌ ÇáÊÚáíã ÇáÐÇÊí ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ ÇÞá ÊßáÝå ááäÇÓ æíãßäåã ÚãáåÇ Ýí Ãí æÞÊ æíãßäåã ÝÚáåÇ ÝÞØ ÈÎÕæÕíå Ýí ãäÒáåã Çæ ãßÊÈåã.
åÐå ÇáãíÒå ÇáÇÎíÑå åí Çåãíå ÎÇÕå Ýí Çä ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáäÇÓ íÔÚÑæä ÈÞÏÑ ÇÚÇÞåã ãä ÇáÇßÊÓÇÈ æãáÇÍÙÉ ãåÇÑÇÊ ÇááÛå ÚäÏåã , íßæäæä áæÍÏåã, ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå ÍÌã ÇáÈÑÇãÌ Úä ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáãÚÇåÏ ÝÑÕåÇ ãÍÏæÏ ááØáÇÈ ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌäÈíå áÇÎÐ ÇÓÊÚÏÇÏ ÔÎÕí ßÇÝí.
åÐå ÝÞØ ÇáÞáíá ãä ÇÓÈÇÈ ÝæÇÆÏ ßæÑÓÇÊ ÇááÛå ÚÈÑ ÇáÇäÊÑäÊ Êßæä ØÑíÞå ÌíÏå ááÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ áÊÚáã ÇááÛå ÇáÇÌäÈíå.
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