Sitah.Alotaibi
2014- 3- 2, 11:47 AM
ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwdWaBSNES8
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4
Chapter 2
Danger and Daring
ÎØÑ æÌÑÃÉ
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÈÔßá ÚÇã ÊÊßáã Úä ÇÓãÇÁÇáãÓÊßÔÝíä æäÌÇÒÇÊåã Çááí ÚäÏå ÇáßÊÇÈ íÝÊÍ ÕÝÍÉ 24ÑÇÍ íáÇÍÙ ÕæÑ áÈÚÖ ãäåã æÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÇäÌÇÒ áßá æÇÍÏ
ÞÑÇÁ ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÞØÚÉ ãæÌæÏÉ Ýí ÇáßÊÇÈ ÇäÙÑ ááÕÝÍÉ 27-28
ÊÑÌãÊåÇ :ÃäÇÈæÑäÇ: ãßÇä ÇáãÑÃÉ
Annapurna : woman‘s Place
It is clear that women mountain climbers have felt the urge to explore remote regions and ascend high peaks for many years. On Top of the World: Five Women Explorers in Tibet describes five of the many women who explored the high Himalayas between 1850 to 1920. One of them, Isabella Byrd, had been sickly for most of her life in England, but she experimented a dramatic change as she traveled at high elevations in Kashmir. Unlike her experience in England, as a pioneer and traveler she laughed at fatigue, she was unafraid of danger, and she didn't worry about her next meal.
Another woman explorer of her time was Alexandra David-Neel from France. Her journeys across the high Tibetan plateau from 1911 to 1944 have been characterized as the most remarkable ever made the by any explorer, man or woman, in Tibet. At the age of 55 she disguised herself as a Tibetan beggar woman and walked two thousand miles across numerous high snowy passes to reach the forbidden city of Lhasa.
Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband, Dr. W.H. Workman, of Massachusetts, traveled and explored in the Himalayas between the 1890 and 1915. They wrote six books about their adventures. Fanny, an ardent suffragette, was once photographed on a high pass in the Himalayas carrying a newspaper
bearing the headline "Votes for Women."
Another early woman and climber and rival of Mrs. Workman Was Annie S. Peck New England professor. She began her climbing career with an ascent of the Matterhorn when she was 45, In1908, at the age of 58, she made the first ascent of Huascaran, the highest mountain in Peru. At 21.837 feet, she claimed it was the altitude record for any American. Peck described herself as a "firm believer in the equality of the
sexes …[A] ny great achievement in any line of endeavor would be an advantage to my sex."
( Annie S. Peck, High Mountain climbing in Pure and Bolivia, 1912. )
In the years since World War II, have made numerous significant climbs in the Andes and the Himalayas. One of the most remarkable of them was the late French climber Claude Kogan. British women have also been successful climbers. From the 1950s, onward, they have carried out many small,
well- organized expeditions to previously unexplored regions of the Himalayas and written about them in an understated, characteristically British fashion. In addition to the British and other small expeditions, woman climbers throughout the world have made significant contributions to climbing in the last 100 years.
However, until quite recently, women have been notably absent on the world's highest mountains. There are 14 mountain in the world that soar above 8,000 meters ( 26,200 feet ) --- all located in the Himalayas.
For many years, mountaineers have wanted to figure out a way to reach their summits. Attempts to climb them began in the nineteenth century; in the first half of the twentieth century, hundreds of men participated in dozens of expeditions to theses peaks. But even after Fanny Workman's example, only a handful of women participated in such climbs.Elizabeth Knowlton was a member of the joint German-American climb to Nange Parbat in 1932.In 1934 Hettie Dyhrenfurth took part in an expedition that explored and mapped the Baltoro Glacier region of the Karakoram Himalaya; she reached the top of Queen Mary Peak (24,370 feet).
which gave her the world altitude record for women for which Annie Peck and Fanny Workman had competed.
It was not until 1950 that an 8,000- meter peak was climbed by anyone. The legendary ascent of Annapurna I by Maurice Herzog's French team was closely followed by successes on all 8,000- meter giants over the next 14 years—and all by men.During this period the only attempt on an 8,000-meter peak by
a women's team was the ill-fated 1959 international women's Expedition to Cho Oyu in Nepal. Tragically, four climbers, including the leader, Claude Kogan, died in this attempt. By 1972, when the idea our all-woman expedition to Annapurna was originally conceived, no women from any country had yet reached the summit of an 8,000- meter peak
ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÞØÚå
ÃäÇÈæÑäÇ: ãßÇä ÇáãÑÃÉ
ãä ÇáæÇÖÍ Ãä ãÊÓáÞí ÇáÌÈÇá ÃÔÚÑÊ ÇáãÑÃÉ ÈÑÛÈÉ ãáÍÉ áÇß ÔÇÝ ãäÇØÞ ÈÚíÏå æÕÚæÏ ÇáÞãã ÇáÚáíå áÓäæÇÊ ÚÏíÏÉ . Ýí ãÞÏãÉ 5 äÓÇÁ ãßÊÔÝÇÊ Ýí ãäÙãÉ ÇáÚÇáãíÉ , ÊÕÝ ÎãÓ ãä ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ ÇááÇÊí ÇßÊÔÝä ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ Èíä ÚÇã 1920- 1850 æÇÍÏå ãäåã ßÇäÊ ÇíÒÈíáÇ ÈÑÏ . ßÇäÊ ãÑíÖå Ýí ãÚÙã ÍíÇÊåÇ ÇäÌáÊÑÇ áßäåÇ ÌÑÈÊ ÊÛíÑÇÊ ãËíÑå åí ßÐáß ÑÍáÊ Åáì ãÑÊÝÚÇÊ ÚÇáíå Ýí ßÔãíÑ . ÚßÓ ÊÌÑÈÊåÇ Ýí ÇäÌáÊÑÇ , ÇÓÊãÊÚÊ ÈÇáÊÚÈ ßÇáÑÍÇáÉ æÇáÑÇÆÏ áã Êßä ÎÇÆÝÉ ãä ÇáãÎÇØÑÉ æáã ÊÞáÞ ãä ÇáÃãíÇá ÇáãÞÈáÉ .
ÇßÊÔÝ ãÑÃå ÇÎÑì Ýí æÞÊåÇ ÇÓãåÇ ÇáßÓäÏÑÇ ÏíÝíÏ äíá ãä ÝÑäÓÇ. ÌæÇáÊåÇ ÚÈÑ ÞãÉ ÇáÊÈÊ ÇáÚÇáãíå ßÇäÊ ãä 1944- 1911 ÊãíÒÊ ÈÇäåÇ ÈÑæÚÊåÇ ÇßËÑ ãä Ãí æÞÊ ãÖì ãä ÞÈá Ãí ãÓÊßÔÝ . ÑÌá æÇãÑÇÉ Ýí ÇáÊÈÊ .
Úä ÚãÑ íäÇåÒ 55 ÇÞäÚÊ äÝÓåÇ ÈÇäåÇ ãËá ÞãÉ ÇáÊÈÊ ÈÇäåÇ ÇãÑÃå ÕÇãÏå ãÔÊ 2000 ãíá ÚÈÑ ÚÏÉ Þãã ËáÌíå ãÊæÇÕáå ÇÓÝá ãÏíäÉ áÇÓÇ. ÝÇäí Èáæß æÑß ãÇä æÒæÌåÇ, Dr.W.H, æÑß ãÇä Ýí ãÇÓÇÔæÊÓÓ ÓÇÝÑ æÇßÊÔÝ Ýí ÇáåãáÇíÇ ãÇÈíä ÚÇã 1890 Çáì 1915 åã ßÊÈæÇ 6 ßÊÈ Úä ãÛÇãÑÇÊåã ÝÇäí æåí ÓæÝÑÌÊ ÇáÚÇØÝíå , ÊÕæÑÊ ÐÇÊ ãÑå Úáì ããÑ ÚÇáí Úáì ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ äÞáÊåÇ ÇáÌÑÇÆÏ È ( Votes for Women) .
ÇãÑÇÉ ÇÎÑì ÈÏÇÊ ÊÊÓáÞ æãäÇÝÓå ááãÓÒ æÑß ãÇä .ßÇäÊ Âäí ÇÓ Èíß ÈÑæÝÓæÑå ÇäÌáíÒíå ÌÏíÏå . ÈÏÇÊ ãåäÉ ÇáÊÓáÞ ÈÕÚæÏ ãÇÊÑåæä Matterhorn ÚäÏãÇ ßáä ÚãÑåÇ 45 , æÝí 1908 ÚäÏãÇ ßÇä ÚãÑåÇ íäÇåÒ 58 ÌÚáÊ Çæá ÕÚæÏ áÜ Huascaran ÇÚáì ÌÈÇá Ýí ÈÑíæ . ÊÓáÞÊ ÚäÏ ÞÇÚ 21,837 æßÇä ÊÓáÞåÇ ÊÏæíä áÇÑÊÝÇÚ Ãí ÇãÑíßí .
Èíß æÕÝÊ äÝÓåÇ ÈÇäåÇ (( Çáãæãäå ÇáÑÇÓÎå Ýí ÇáãÓÇæÇå Èíä ÇáÌäÓíä )) Ãí ÇäÌÇÒ ÚÙíã Ýí Ãí ÎØ ÓÚí Çæ ÌåÏ íãßä Çä íßæä ããíÒ áÈäí ÌäÓåÇ.
Çäí Èíß åí ãÊÓáÞå ÇÚáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá Ýí ÈíæÑ æÈæáíÝÈÇ ÚÇã 1912 .
ãäÐ ÓäæÇÊ Ýí ÇáÍÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíå ÇáËÇäíå , ÍÞÞÊ ÇáãÃÉ ãä ÇáÊÓáÞÇÊ Çáãåãå Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáÇäÏíÒ æÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ ÇÍÏ ÇÈÑÒåã ßÇä ÇáãÊÓáÞ ÇáÝÑäÓí ÇáÑÇÍá ßáæÏí ßæÌíä .
ÇáãÑÇÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíå ÇíÖÇ ÊÓáÞÊ ÈäÌÇÍ , ãä ÈÚÏ 1950 , äÝÐæ æäÙãæÇ ÌíÏÇ ÚÏÉ ÑÍáÇÊ ÕÛíÑå Çáì ÇáãäÇØÞ ÛíÑ ÇáãßÊÔÝå ãÓÈÞÇ Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ, æßÊÈæ Úäåã Ýí ÊÕÑíÍÇÊ ÈÇÓáæÈ ÈÑíØÇäí ããíÒ .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì ÇáÑÍáÇÊ ÇáÇÎÑì ÇáÈÑíØÇäíå ÇáÕÛíÑå ÊÓáÞÊ ÇáãÑÇÉ Ýí ÇáÚÇáã æÕäÚÊ ãÓÇåãÇÊ ãåãå ááÊÓáÞ Ýí ÇáÓäæÇÊ ÇáÚÔÑ ÇáÇÎíÑå .
Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä Çäå ÞÈá ÚåÏ ÓÇÈÞ ÊãÇãÇ ÇáãÑÇÉ ÇáãÑãæÞå ÛÇÈÊ Úáì Þãã ÌÈÇá ÇáÚÇáã . íæÌÏ 14 ÌÈá Ýí ÇáÚÇáã íÈáÛ ÇÑÊÝÇÚåÇ ÍæÇáí 8,000 ãÊÑ ßáåÇ æÌÏÊ Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ.
áÚÏÉ ÓäæÇÊ , ãÊÓáÞí ÇáÌÈÇá ÇÑÇÏæ ÊÞííã ØÑíÞÉ ÊãÊÏ Çáì ÞãÉ Êáß ÇáÌÈÇá . ãÍÇæáÇÊ áÊÓáÞåã ÊæÞÝÊ Ýí ÇáÞÑä ÇáÊÇÓÚ ÚÔÑ, Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ãäÊÕÝ ÇáÞÑä ÇáÚÇÔÑ , ÇáÇáÇÝ ÇáÑÌÇá ÇÔÊÑßæ ÈÇÚÏÇÏ ßÈíÑÉ ááÑÍáÇÊ Çáì Þãã åÐå ÇáÌÈÇá . áßä ÍÊì ÈÚÏ ÇáãÑÇÉ ÝÇäí æÑß ãÇä ãËáÇ, Óæì ÇáÞáíá ãä ÇáäÓÇÁ ÇÔÊÑßæÇ Ýí ãËá åÐÇ ÇáÊÓáÞ ááÌÈÇá .
ÇáíÒÇÈíË ãæä áæÊä ßÇäÊ ÚÖæ Ýí ÑÇÈØÉ ÇáÊÓáÞ ÇáÇáãÇäíå æÇáÇãÑíßíå Çáì äíÌíÇÈÇÑÈíÊ ÚÇã 1932 .
Ýí ÚÇã 1934 åíÊí ÏíÑ äÝÑÊ ÇÎÐ ÌÒÁ ãä áÈÚËÇÊ ÇáÊí ÇßÊÔÝåÇ æÎØØ ÈÇáÊæÑßÇáÇÓíÑ åãáÇíÇ Çá****æÑÇã.
æÕáÊ ÇÚáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá ÇáãáßÉ ãÇÑí (24,370 ÞÏã ) ÇáÊí ÇÚØÊåÇ ÊÏæíä ÇÑÊÝÇÚ ÇáÚÇáã ááãÑÇÉ Çäí Èíß æ ÝÇäí ææÑß ãÇä ÇááÇÊí ÊäÇÝÓæ .
ÍÊì ÚÇã 1950 áã íßä ÞãÉ 8,000 ãÊÑ íÊÓáÞåÇ ÇÍÏ .
ÇáÕÚæÏ ÇáãÔåæÑ áÜ ÇäÇäÇÈíæÑä ÇáÇæá ÈæÇÓØÉ ãíæÑÓ åíÑæÒ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáÝÑäÓí ßÇä ÞÑíÈÇ ÊÈÚÉ äÌÇÍ ÚãÇáÞÉ Úáì 8,000 ãÊÑ Úáì ÇáÓäæÇÊ ÇáÇÑÈÚ ÇáÞÇÏãå ÈæÇÓØÉ ßá ÇáÑÌÇá.
ÎáÇá åÐå ÇáÝÊÑå ãÍÇæáÇÊ ÝÞØ Úáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá 8,000 ßÇä ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáäÓÇÆí Çá ÝÇÊíÏ 1959 ÇáÑÍáÇÊ ÇáäÓÇÆíå ÇáãÔåæÑå Çáì ßæÇ ÇæíÇ Ýí ÇáäíÈÇá .
ÇáãÃÓÇå , ÊÔãá 4 ãÊÓáÞíä ÈÞíÇÏÉ ßáæÏÌíä ãÇÊæÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáãÍÇæáå . ÈÚÇã 1972, ÚäÏãÇ ßÇäÊ ÝßÑÉ ÈÚËÉ áßá ÇáäÓÇÁ Çáì ÇäÇ äÇÈæÑä ßÇäÊ ãÌÑÏ ÝßÑå ãÈÏÆíå , áíÓÊ ÇáãÑÇÉ ãä Ãí ãÏíäå æÕáÊ ÈÚÏ Çáì ÞãÉ ÇáÌÈá áÞãÉ 8,000 ãÊÑ
Words and Phrasas
ardent passionate; enthusiastic
ãÊÍãÓ
ascent climb
ÕÚæÏ - ÊÓáÞ
endeavor effort; an attempt
íÓÚì - íÍÇæá
felt the urge had a vary strong desire
ÔÚÑ ÈÑÛÈÉ ãáÍÉ
summit the top of a mountain
ÞãÉ – Úáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá
legendary famous
ÃÓØæÑí - ãÔåæÑ
notably absent obviously not present
ÇáÛíÇÈ ÇááÇÝÊ ( ÇáæÇÖÍ )
pioneer someone who is the first to explore a new place
ÇáÑÇÆÏ – ÇáÔÎÕ ÇáÃæá Ýí ÇÓÊßÔÇÝ ãßÇä ÌÏíÏ
remote far away from civilization
ÈÚíÏ – ÈÚíÏ Úä ÇáÍÖÇÑÉ
Rival person who is competing against another
ÇáãäÇÝÓ
Describing personalities and achievements
æÕÝ ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ æÇáÅäÌÇÒÇÊ
Personalities
ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ
be unafraid of.
áãä Êßä ÎÇÆÝÉ
laugh at fatigue.
ÇÓÊãÊÚÊ ÈÇáÊÚÈ
not worry about (her next meal)
áã ÊÞáÞ ãä ÇáÃãíÇá ÇáÞÇÏãÉ .
figure out a way to
íßÊÔÝ æÓíáÉ áÜÜ .
Achievements
ÇáÃäÌÇÒÇÊ
travel at high elevations
ÇáÓíÑ áãÓÇÝÇÊ ÚÇáíÉ
carry out
íäÝÐ
make significant contributions to
ÞÇã ÈÅÓåÇãÇÊ ããíÒÉ Ýí
participate in expeditions
ÔÇÑß Ýí ÇáÑÍáÇÊ
take part in expeditions
. ÔÇÑß Ýí ÇáÑÍáÇÊ
reach the summit of
. æÕá Åáì ÞãÉ
ÎáÇÕÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ Ýí ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÇáãÓÊßÔÝíä æÇäÌÇÒÇÊåã æÊÇÑíÎåã æÇáÈáÇÏ ÇáÊí íäÊãæä áåÇ .... ËÞÇÝí ãåã ÌÏÇ ÍÝÙ ÇáÝæßÇÈ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwdWaBSNES8
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4
Chapter 2
Danger and Daring
ÎØÑ æÌÑÃÉ
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÈÔßá ÚÇã ÊÊßáã Úä ÇÓãÇÁÇáãÓÊßÔÝíä æäÌÇÒÇÊåã Çááí ÚäÏå ÇáßÊÇÈ íÝÊÍ ÕÝÍÉ 24ÑÇÍ íáÇÍÙ ÕæÑ áÈÚÖ ãäåã æÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÇäÌÇÒ áßá æÇÍÏ
ÞÑÇÁ ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÞØÚÉ ãæÌæÏÉ Ýí ÇáßÊÇÈ ÇäÙÑ ááÕÝÍÉ 27-28
ÊÑÌãÊåÇ :ÃäÇÈæÑäÇ: ãßÇä ÇáãÑÃÉ
Annapurna : woman‘s Place
It is clear that women mountain climbers have felt the urge to explore remote regions and ascend high peaks for many years. On Top of the World: Five Women Explorers in Tibet describes five of the many women who explored the high Himalayas between 1850 to 1920. One of them, Isabella Byrd, had been sickly for most of her life in England, but she experimented a dramatic change as she traveled at high elevations in Kashmir. Unlike her experience in England, as a pioneer and traveler she laughed at fatigue, she was unafraid of danger, and she didn't worry about her next meal.
Another woman explorer of her time was Alexandra David-Neel from France. Her journeys across the high Tibetan plateau from 1911 to 1944 have been characterized as the most remarkable ever made the by any explorer, man or woman, in Tibet. At the age of 55 she disguised herself as a Tibetan beggar woman and walked two thousand miles across numerous high snowy passes to reach the forbidden city of Lhasa.
Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband, Dr. W.H. Workman, of Massachusetts, traveled and explored in the Himalayas between the 1890 and 1915. They wrote six books about their adventures. Fanny, an ardent suffragette, was once photographed on a high pass in the Himalayas carrying a newspaper
bearing the headline "Votes for Women."
Another early woman and climber and rival of Mrs. Workman Was Annie S. Peck New England professor. She began her climbing career with an ascent of the Matterhorn when she was 45, In1908, at the age of 58, she made the first ascent of Huascaran, the highest mountain in Peru. At 21.837 feet, she claimed it was the altitude record for any American. Peck described herself as a "firm believer in the equality of the
sexes …[A] ny great achievement in any line of endeavor would be an advantage to my sex."
( Annie S. Peck, High Mountain climbing in Pure and Bolivia, 1912. )
In the years since World War II, have made numerous significant climbs in the Andes and the Himalayas. One of the most remarkable of them was the late French climber Claude Kogan. British women have also been successful climbers. From the 1950s, onward, they have carried out many small,
well- organized expeditions to previously unexplored regions of the Himalayas and written about them in an understated, characteristically British fashion. In addition to the British and other small expeditions, woman climbers throughout the world have made significant contributions to climbing in the last 100 years.
However, until quite recently, women have been notably absent on the world's highest mountains. There are 14 mountain in the world that soar above 8,000 meters ( 26,200 feet ) --- all located in the Himalayas.
For many years, mountaineers have wanted to figure out a way to reach their summits. Attempts to climb them began in the nineteenth century; in the first half of the twentieth century, hundreds of men participated in dozens of expeditions to theses peaks. But even after Fanny Workman's example, only a handful of women participated in such climbs.Elizabeth Knowlton was a member of the joint German-American climb to Nange Parbat in 1932.In 1934 Hettie Dyhrenfurth took part in an expedition that explored and mapped the Baltoro Glacier region of the Karakoram Himalaya; she reached the top of Queen Mary Peak (24,370 feet).
which gave her the world altitude record for women for which Annie Peck and Fanny Workman had competed.
It was not until 1950 that an 8,000- meter peak was climbed by anyone. The legendary ascent of Annapurna I by Maurice Herzog's French team was closely followed by successes on all 8,000- meter giants over the next 14 years—and all by men.During this period the only attempt on an 8,000-meter peak by
a women's team was the ill-fated 1959 international women's Expedition to Cho Oyu in Nepal. Tragically, four climbers, including the leader, Claude Kogan, died in this attempt. By 1972, when the idea our all-woman expedition to Annapurna was originally conceived, no women from any country had yet reached the summit of an 8,000- meter peak
ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÞØÚå
ÃäÇÈæÑäÇ: ãßÇä ÇáãÑÃÉ
ãä ÇáæÇÖÍ Ãä ãÊÓáÞí ÇáÌÈÇá ÃÔÚÑÊ ÇáãÑÃÉ ÈÑÛÈÉ ãáÍÉ áÇß ÔÇÝ ãäÇØÞ ÈÚíÏå æÕÚæÏ ÇáÞãã ÇáÚáíå áÓäæÇÊ ÚÏíÏÉ . Ýí ãÞÏãÉ 5 äÓÇÁ ãßÊÔÝÇÊ Ýí ãäÙãÉ ÇáÚÇáãíÉ , ÊÕÝ ÎãÓ ãä ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáäÇÓ ÇááÇÊí ÇßÊÔÝä ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ Èíä ÚÇã 1920- 1850 æÇÍÏå ãäåã ßÇäÊ ÇíÒÈíáÇ ÈÑÏ . ßÇäÊ ãÑíÖå Ýí ãÚÙã ÍíÇÊåÇ ÇäÌáÊÑÇ áßäåÇ ÌÑÈÊ ÊÛíÑÇÊ ãËíÑå åí ßÐáß ÑÍáÊ Åáì ãÑÊÝÚÇÊ ÚÇáíå Ýí ßÔãíÑ . ÚßÓ ÊÌÑÈÊåÇ Ýí ÇäÌáÊÑÇ , ÇÓÊãÊÚÊ ÈÇáÊÚÈ ßÇáÑÍÇáÉ æÇáÑÇÆÏ áã Êßä ÎÇÆÝÉ ãä ÇáãÎÇØÑÉ æáã ÊÞáÞ ãä ÇáÃãíÇá ÇáãÞÈáÉ .
ÇßÊÔÝ ãÑÃå ÇÎÑì Ýí æÞÊåÇ ÇÓãåÇ ÇáßÓäÏÑÇ ÏíÝíÏ äíá ãä ÝÑäÓÇ. ÌæÇáÊåÇ ÚÈÑ ÞãÉ ÇáÊÈÊ ÇáÚÇáãíå ßÇäÊ ãä 1944- 1911 ÊãíÒÊ ÈÇäåÇ ÈÑæÚÊåÇ ÇßËÑ ãä Ãí æÞÊ ãÖì ãä ÞÈá Ãí ãÓÊßÔÝ . ÑÌá æÇãÑÇÉ Ýí ÇáÊÈÊ .
Úä ÚãÑ íäÇåÒ 55 ÇÞäÚÊ äÝÓåÇ ÈÇäåÇ ãËá ÞãÉ ÇáÊÈÊ ÈÇäåÇ ÇãÑÃå ÕÇãÏå ãÔÊ 2000 ãíá ÚÈÑ ÚÏÉ Þãã ËáÌíå ãÊæÇÕáå ÇÓÝá ãÏíäÉ áÇÓÇ. ÝÇäí Èáæß æÑß ãÇä æÒæÌåÇ, Dr.W.H, æÑß ãÇä Ýí ãÇÓÇÔæÊÓÓ ÓÇÝÑ æÇßÊÔÝ Ýí ÇáåãáÇíÇ ãÇÈíä ÚÇã 1890 Çáì 1915 åã ßÊÈæÇ 6 ßÊÈ Úä ãÛÇãÑÇÊåã ÝÇäí æåí ÓæÝÑÌÊ ÇáÚÇØÝíå , ÊÕæÑÊ ÐÇÊ ãÑå Úáì ããÑ ÚÇáí Úáì ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ äÞáÊåÇ ÇáÌÑÇÆÏ È ( Votes for Women) .
ÇãÑÇÉ ÇÎÑì ÈÏÇÊ ÊÊÓáÞ æãäÇÝÓå ááãÓÒ æÑß ãÇä .ßÇäÊ Âäí ÇÓ Èíß ÈÑæÝÓæÑå ÇäÌáíÒíå ÌÏíÏå . ÈÏÇÊ ãåäÉ ÇáÊÓáÞ ÈÕÚæÏ ãÇÊÑåæä Matterhorn ÚäÏãÇ ßáä ÚãÑåÇ 45 , æÝí 1908 ÚäÏãÇ ßÇä ÚãÑåÇ íäÇåÒ 58 ÌÚáÊ Çæá ÕÚæÏ áÜ Huascaran ÇÚáì ÌÈÇá Ýí ÈÑíæ . ÊÓáÞÊ ÚäÏ ÞÇÚ 21,837 æßÇä ÊÓáÞåÇ ÊÏæíä áÇÑÊÝÇÚ Ãí ÇãÑíßí .
Èíß æÕÝÊ äÝÓåÇ ÈÇäåÇ (( Çáãæãäå ÇáÑÇÓÎå Ýí ÇáãÓÇæÇå Èíä ÇáÌäÓíä )) Ãí ÇäÌÇÒ ÚÙíã Ýí Ãí ÎØ ÓÚí Çæ ÌåÏ íãßä Çä íßæä ããíÒ áÈäí ÌäÓåÇ.
Çäí Èíß åí ãÊÓáÞå ÇÚáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá Ýí ÈíæÑ æÈæáíÝÈÇ ÚÇã 1912 .
ãäÐ ÓäæÇÊ Ýí ÇáÍÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíå ÇáËÇäíå , ÍÞÞÊ ÇáãÃÉ ãä ÇáÊÓáÞÇÊ Çáãåãå Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáÇäÏíÒ æÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ ÇÍÏ ÇÈÑÒåã ßÇä ÇáãÊÓáÞ ÇáÝÑäÓí ÇáÑÇÍá ßáæÏí ßæÌíä .
ÇáãÑÇÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíå ÇíÖÇ ÊÓáÞÊ ÈäÌÇÍ , ãä ÈÚÏ 1950 , äÝÐæ æäÙãæÇ ÌíÏÇ ÚÏÉ ÑÍáÇÊ ÕÛíÑå Çáì ÇáãäÇØÞ ÛíÑ ÇáãßÊÔÝå ãÓÈÞÇ Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ, æßÊÈæ Úäåã Ýí ÊÕÑíÍÇÊ ÈÇÓáæÈ ÈÑíØÇäí ããíÒ .
ÈÇáÇÖÇÝå Çáì ÇáÑÍáÇÊ ÇáÇÎÑì ÇáÈÑíØÇäíå ÇáÕÛíÑå ÊÓáÞÊ ÇáãÑÇÉ Ýí ÇáÚÇáã æÕäÚÊ ãÓÇåãÇÊ ãåãå ááÊÓáÞ Ýí ÇáÓäæÇÊ ÇáÚÔÑ ÇáÇÎíÑå .
Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä Çäå ÞÈá ÚåÏ ÓÇÈÞ ÊãÇãÇ ÇáãÑÇÉ ÇáãÑãæÞå ÛÇÈÊ Úáì Þãã ÌÈÇá ÇáÚÇáã . íæÌÏ 14 ÌÈá Ýí ÇáÚÇáã íÈáÛ ÇÑÊÝÇÚåÇ ÍæÇáí 8,000 ãÊÑ ßáåÇ æÌÏÊ Ýí ÌÈÇá ÇáåãáÇíÇ.
áÚÏÉ ÓäæÇÊ , ãÊÓáÞí ÇáÌÈÇá ÇÑÇÏæ ÊÞííã ØÑíÞÉ ÊãÊÏ Çáì ÞãÉ Êáß ÇáÌÈÇá . ãÍÇæáÇÊ áÊÓáÞåã ÊæÞÝÊ Ýí ÇáÞÑä ÇáÊÇÓÚ ÚÔÑ, Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ãäÊÕÝ ÇáÞÑä ÇáÚÇÔÑ , ÇáÇáÇÝ ÇáÑÌÇá ÇÔÊÑßæ ÈÇÚÏÇÏ ßÈíÑÉ ááÑÍáÇÊ Çáì Þãã åÐå ÇáÌÈÇá . áßä ÍÊì ÈÚÏ ÇáãÑÇÉ ÝÇäí æÑß ãÇä ãËáÇ, Óæì ÇáÞáíá ãä ÇáäÓÇÁ ÇÔÊÑßæÇ Ýí ãËá åÐÇ ÇáÊÓáÞ ááÌÈÇá .
ÇáíÒÇÈíË ãæä áæÊä ßÇäÊ ÚÖæ Ýí ÑÇÈØÉ ÇáÊÓáÞ ÇáÇáãÇäíå æÇáÇãÑíßíå Çáì äíÌíÇÈÇÑÈíÊ ÚÇã 1932 .
Ýí ÚÇã 1934 åíÊí ÏíÑ äÝÑÊ ÇÎÐ ÌÒÁ ãä áÈÚËÇÊ ÇáÊí ÇßÊÔÝåÇ æÎØØ ÈÇáÊæÑßÇáÇÓíÑ åãáÇíÇ Çá****æÑÇã.
æÕáÊ ÇÚáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá ÇáãáßÉ ãÇÑí (24,370 ÞÏã ) ÇáÊí ÇÚØÊåÇ ÊÏæíä ÇÑÊÝÇÚ ÇáÚÇáã ááãÑÇÉ Çäí Èíß æ ÝÇäí ææÑß ãÇä ÇááÇÊí ÊäÇÝÓæ .
ÍÊì ÚÇã 1950 áã íßä ÞãÉ 8,000 ãÊÑ íÊÓáÞåÇ ÇÍÏ .
ÇáÕÚæÏ ÇáãÔåæÑ áÜ ÇäÇäÇÈíæÑä ÇáÇæá ÈæÇÓØÉ ãíæÑÓ åíÑæÒ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáÝÑäÓí ßÇä ÞÑíÈÇ ÊÈÚÉ äÌÇÍ ÚãÇáÞÉ Úáì 8,000 ãÊÑ Úáì ÇáÓäæÇÊ ÇáÇÑÈÚ ÇáÞÇÏãå ÈæÇÓØÉ ßá ÇáÑÌÇá.
ÎáÇá åÐå ÇáÝÊÑå ãÍÇæáÇÊ ÝÞØ Úáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá 8,000 ßÇä ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÝÑíÞ ÇáäÓÇÆí Çá ÝÇÊíÏ 1959 ÇáÑÍáÇÊ ÇáäÓÇÆíå ÇáãÔåæÑå Çáì ßæÇ ÇæíÇ Ýí ÇáäíÈÇá .
ÇáãÃÓÇå , ÊÔãá 4 ãÊÓáÞíä ÈÞíÇÏÉ ßáæÏÌíä ãÇÊæÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáãÍÇæáå . ÈÚÇã 1972, ÚäÏãÇ ßÇäÊ ÝßÑÉ ÈÚËÉ áßá ÇáäÓÇÁ Çáì ÇäÇ äÇÈæÑä ßÇäÊ ãÌÑÏ ÝßÑå ãÈÏÆíå , áíÓÊ ÇáãÑÇÉ ãä Ãí ãÏíäå æÕáÊ ÈÚÏ Çáì ÞãÉ ÇáÌÈá áÞãÉ 8,000 ãÊÑ
Words and Phrasas
ardent passionate; enthusiastic
ãÊÍãÓ
ascent climb
ÕÚæÏ - ÊÓáÞ
endeavor effort; an attempt
íÓÚì - íÍÇæá
felt the urge had a vary strong desire
ÔÚÑ ÈÑÛÈÉ ãáÍÉ
summit the top of a mountain
ÞãÉ – Úáì ÞãÉ ÌÈá
legendary famous
ÃÓØæÑí - ãÔåæÑ
notably absent obviously not present
ÇáÛíÇÈ ÇááÇÝÊ ( ÇáæÇÖÍ )
pioneer someone who is the first to explore a new place
ÇáÑÇÆÏ – ÇáÔÎÕ ÇáÃæá Ýí ÇÓÊßÔÇÝ ãßÇä ÌÏíÏ
remote far away from civilization
ÈÚíÏ – ÈÚíÏ Úä ÇáÍÖÇÑÉ
Rival person who is competing against another
ÇáãäÇÝÓ
Describing personalities and achievements
æÕÝ ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ æÇáÅäÌÇÒÇÊ
Personalities
ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ
be unafraid of.
áãä Êßä ÎÇÆÝÉ
laugh at fatigue.
ÇÓÊãÊÚÊ ÈÇáÊÚÈ
not worry about (her next meal)
áã ÊÞáÞ ãä ÇáÃãíÇá ÇáÞÇÏãÉ .
figure out a way to
íßÊÔÝ æÓíáÉ áÜÜ .
Achievements
ÇáÃäÌÇÒÇÊ
travel at high elevations
ÇáÓíÑ áãÓÇÝÇÊ ÚÇáíÉ
carry out
íäÝÐ
make significant contributions to
ÞÇã ÈÅÓåÇãÇÊ ããíÒÉ Ýí
participate in expeditions
ÔÇÑß Ýí ÇáÑÍáÇÊ
take part in expeditions
. ÔÇÑß Ýí ÇáÑÍáÇÊ
reach the summit of
. æÕá Åáì ÞãÉ
ÎáÇÕÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ Ýí ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÇáãÓÊßÔÝíä æÇäÌÇÒÇÊåã æÊÇÑíÎåã æÇáÈáÇÏ ÇáÊí íäÊãæä áåÇ .... ËÞÇÝí ãåã ÌÏÇ ÍÝÙ ÇáÝæßÇÈ