الله يكتب لكم الاجر ابي فزعتكم

[sultan algram]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

الله يوفقكم في اختبارتكم

ابي فزعتكم :sm1:في في المناقشات وين احصلها :060:

مناقشات المقال و ظهور الرواية والفكر والثقافة الانجليزية ونظرية الترجمة
تكفون الفزعه :sm1:

[KBJ911]

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t618835.html

المواضيع المثبته

:rolleyes:

[sultan algram]

اخوي هذا جديده أو القديمه

ونظرية الترجمة مو راضية تفتح يعتذر

اللي عنده شي يفزع لي

[English Bird]

والله ودي اساعدك بس مالك الا حلين

يا تدور عليه بنفسك او تكتب من المناقشة نفسها

ما اتوقع احد فاضي الفترة دي :(

[English Bird]

والله ودي اساعدك بس مالك الا حلين

يا تدور عليه بنفسك او تكتب من المناقشة نفسها

ما اتوقع احد فاضي الفترة دي :(

[sultan algram]

ابيه طريقة نسخ ولصق سهل عن طريق متصفح كروم بس وين المناقشات ما حصلت الحل ....

[sultan algram]

ايه طريقة نسخ ولصق سهل عن طريق متصفح كروم بس وين المناقشات ما حصلت الحل .... *

[تـــــرف الشمري]

انا مثلك ابي مناقشات ماده ظهور الروايه ومالقيت

اللي بالموضوع المثبت ماتفتح شنسوي

[أسيرة المشاعر]

مقال
Discussion1

Our first lecture consists of the definition of an Essay and the main three parts of it. It also discusses how to develop strong thesis statement. Explain to me how one can write a strong thesis statement. Provide your discussion with strong examples.
The thesis statment is the sentence that tells the main idea of the whole essay it can be compared atopic sentence which gives the main idea of apragraph it usually comes at or the end of the introductory pragraph examples
If you ask average Americans where their language comes from they will probably say England
However , English vocabulary has also been influnced by other countries and groubs of people . Some words are borrowed from other languages sush as typhoon which originally from the chinese words lia fug meaing big wind Skunk the name oF asmall amelly black and
white animal came to English from Native AMERICANS LANGUAGE aFRICAN AMERCINES TOO HAVE BOTH CONTIBUTED NEW WORDS TO ENGLISH AND CHANGED THE MEAINING OF SOME EXISTING WORDS
---------------------------

discussion2


The 2nd lecture mainly discusses the logical division of ideas in an Essay. It also tackles the thesis statement pitfalls. Give us some examples using the transition signals for logical division of ideas. ALSO, what are the pitfalls of thesis statements? How can we avoid them. Logical division is an appropriate pattern for explaining causes, reasons, types, kinds, qualities, methods, advantages, and disadvantages, as these typical college exam questions ask you to do .
: College questions are as the following
For Example :
of inflationcauses Explain the three Economic
Describe the Agriculture/ Landscape designbasic types of soils and additives needed to prepare each type for planting .
of the U.S. Civil causes Discuss the U.S. HistoryWar .
of main forms he three explain t Business Business organization
of the various classes Describe Health Sciences Drugs used to treat depression..
A thesis is the most important sentence in your essay, so write it with special though and care. Avoid these common problems :
Problem 1: The thesis is too general .
TOO GENERAL
Thesis Statement Second Pitfall .
Problem 2: The thesis makes a simple announcement
Problem 3: The Thesis stats an obvious fact
====================


discussion3

The number of body paragraphs depends on the number of ... The body paragraphs support ... The function of an introduction in an essay is to introduce the topic and ... Cleanliness is considered a virtue, but just what does it mean ... The first sentence in an introductory paragraph should be a general


The 3rd lecture talks about essay outlining and how to conclude a passage. What’s Essay Outlining? What’s the function of an introduction? What’s the function of a body paragraph? What’s the function of a concluding paragraph? What does topic sentence mean ? What does supporting details mean?




Essay Outlining: Before you begin writing the first draft of your essay, it is best to make an outline. An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want. The same is true with writing an essay and making an outline.
The function of an introduction: The length of the introduction can vary. You do not need to include any more than is necessary to accomplish the function of the introduction. There is no rule on what this will consist of, as different issues may require something a little different. For example, you may need to include a definition of some terms in order to clarify the precise focus of the assignment.
The function of a body paragraph: are used to help your a reader follow the logic of your arguments. When you start a new idea, or a point that contrasts the one you were just discussing, or when you raise either a related or separate point, you should start a new paragraph. As well, a paragraph should not be too long or too short.
The function of a concluding paragraph: To provide an alternate viewpoint to those presented in the body of the essay
and to recap the main points in order to help the reader understand the argument
and to restate the topic sentence word for word
A Topic sentence: is normally the first or second sentence, though it can be located anywhere in the paragraph. It regularly introduces the topic or gives the most useful information in the paragraph. It makes a statement (or asks a question) that the rest of the paragraph explains or supports with examples of what the topic sentence has said.
A supporting detail: is a detail that supports a piece of writing. The middle of the assignment and it is a pieces of information that support the main idea


=====================

discussion4

For many persons, beginning (or providing an introduction to the body of the talk) ... Or you may conclude by making a short statement recommending the action ... At other times, nothing more than a clear indication that the lecture has begun is sufficient. ... They can be informed about how the ideas have been organized.
------------
=========================
discussion5

In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a ... Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic . ..... Rules 3, 4, 5, and 6 cover the most important principles in the punctuation of ordinary ..... of works, he will as a rule do better not to take them up singly in chronological order

The 5th lecture talks about one of the most important aspect in writing process, that is, “chronological order”. Use some transition signals for chronological order in one or two paragraph(s).


During [1] the early twentieth century, Australian society experienced a transformation of the domestic ideal. At this time [1] families were subject to an increasing array of government and 'professional' programs and advice aiming to manage and regulate family life. Some of these programs were designed to counter social changes, others were designed to engineer them; ultimately [2] each heralded a growing expert encroachment into the private sphere.

[1] Indicating a specific time
[2] Indicating a conclusion

Intervention and influence took three forms. Firstly [3] , techniques designed to maximise efficiency were introduced into the home and scientific principles were applied to its design. In addition [4], housework and parenting methods were scrutinised and subject to unprecedented standards. Secondly [3], all aspects of reproduction attracted increasing intervention from government and the medical profession. Thirdly [3], state, professional and philanthropic groups began to usurp the parental role within the family through instruction and policy. Consequently [5], the development of 'modern' social ideals brought regulation, intervention and ever-increasing unrealistic standards.

[3] To indicate sequence and logically divide an idea
[4] Indicating extra information
[5] Indicating a result
List of transition signals

=========================
discussion6

The 6th class talks about cause and effect essay. Discuss the definition of cause and effect essay and then outline the normal structure of cause and effect essay.
Cause and effect depend on each other. You can’t have
one without the other. A plane crashed. That is the
effect. What are the possible causes? Was it a
mechanical or human error? Was it due to the weather?
Was it a terrorist action? Obviously there are many
.possible causes

:Step one
Select a significant topic, for example, a social
.phenomenon or a social trend
Step two
Decide whether you want to examine the cause or effect
.or both
Step three
Examine each cause and effect thoroughly, using sufficient
.evidence to prove your points
----------------------------

discussion7

The 7th class tackles the issue of organizing the cause and effect organization. There are two ways of organizations; block organization & chain organization. Discuss them and give examples.
Block organization
You discuss all of the
causes in one block (one, two or three paragraphs, depending on the n
umber of causes). Then you discuss all the effects in another block.

Chain organization
You discuss a first cause and then the effect, a second cause and its effect, a third cause and its effect, and so on.
Block organization
You discuss all of the causes in one block (one, two or three paragraphs, depending on the n umber of causes). Then you discuss all the effects in another block.

Chain organization
You discuss a first cause and then the effect, a second cause and its effect, a third cause and its effect, and so on.



====================

discussion8

A comparison and contrast essay may discuss only similarities, only ... Each subtopic in Part I must also be discussed in Part II. ... Choose a method of development that works well with your organizing ... Use specific and relevant examples for support. ... Use transitional words or phrases to help the reader understand the
The 8th class introduces the topic of comparison and contrast essay and the organization of it. Discuss the definition of comparison and contrast essay and the ways of organizing it? Support your discussion with examples, using comparison signal words or/and contrast signal words.




Comparing things is something we do every day when we have to make decisions. For example, you might think of similarities or differences when we are buying a new MP3 player or choosing a place to study English.
You may need to evaluate two sides of an issue you have studied in a class or two proposals for research or projects at your workplace. In these cases, you will need to write an essay or report to discuss your ideas about the topic. This is a comparison and contrast essay
Comparison/Contrast Essay Organization
Like other types of essays, a comparison and contrast essay must have a clear introduction and conclusion.
The body of the essay can be organized many ways. We will look at two organizational styles.
Point by point organization
Block organization ..
Example :or /and
You can go to a restaurant or request food for the home ..
I prefer potatoes and chicken .,.,.,.

==================


discussion9
The 9th lecture is basically reviewing types of sentences and discussing the use of parallel structures and fixing sentence problems. Give me a short example for each type of sentences. Also, give me a sentence problem and fix it by yourself.

To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short.
Examples:
I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city.

I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the city.

Example: I like to write, read, and studying.
sentence problem:
this semester I'm studying art,music, taking math course.
fix:
this semester I'm studying art,music ,and math
10-
The 10th lecture is discussing the rules of the following punctuations; commas, semicolons, colons, quotation marks. Discuss the function of each. Support your discussion with examples.

=
Comma : use comma after dependent clause if it begins the sentence.
Example:When I first moved to the city, I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.
Semicolons: It is a break in thought , but not a complete stop more like an elongated pause.
Example: He ate six hotdogs;he also got a stomach ache.
Colons: use to introduce a quotation longer than one sentence.
Example: If you don't think you can handle it, get out of line now.
Quotation marks: Use with direct sentence.
Example:He said,"I'll go to school tomorrow."

11- In the 11th class, we discuss how to paralyze English structures. How can this lesson help you improving your essay writing? Give us one example and explanation

Parallelism means using similar structures to express similar ideas.
Parallel structures make sentences clearer and easier to read.
Editing for parallel structure helps you avoid awkward sentences and keeps you from braking your promise to reader.
Example: we wanted to cook and to swim
--------------------------------------


12-
In the 12th class, we discuss the uses of comma and we summarizes some parallel structure issues. Write a thesis sentence for the following topic. “Topic: Do you think that violence on television should be banned?” Remember parallel construction when you state the reasons.
Yes, we must prevent violence to the television, to reduce the incidence of crimes by teenagers, and dangerous for the kids to hurt themselves, as well as taking into account the patients' condition, and the owners of weak hearts ..

13- We could parallelize structures using the coordinate conjunction, correlative conjunctions, and comparison. Discuss how we can use the previous tools to make a paralleled structures in our essay writing. Provide your explanations with variant explanations.
Conjunctions join two or more words.

Example: I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and bread.

Conjunctions can join two prepositional phrases.

Example. I went skiing down the hill and past the trees

Conjunctions can connect two clauses or sentences.
When two sentences are joined, a comma MUST be placed before the conjunction.

Ex. I played cards for awhile, but then I played chess
========


14- In our 14th Class, we review the major sections and points of Essay course. Which parts of this course do you mostly like, and why? And which parts of this course don’t you mostly like, and why?
structure of argumentation (Major premise, minor premise and conclusion), and thesis statement supporting details model. The course takes the form of analysis of exemplary essays, of detailed outlines and of the methods of collecting and using published resurces to report and argue a certain position..i like it all becouse it very interesting . and all the part and points very important to write the essay.

اختكم روى نجد ---دعواتي لكم بالتوفيق

[أسيرة المشاعر]

نظريه الترجمه
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/showpost.php?p=11621404&postcount=4

ظهور الروايا

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/showpost.php?p=11621515&postcount=5
من دون تحميل مكتوبه

[أسيرة المشاعر]

مناقشات الفكر والثقافه الانجليزيه
1\ What is meant by “English” Thought & Culture?-
English Thought and Culture: focuses on different movements and factors that have influenced English thought and literature.
Also, it looks at important movements in English thought and literature, and refers to the historical background to English literature, thought and culture.
2\ What is the definition of “Thought”?-
Thought generally refers to any mental or intellectual activity involving an individual's subjective
consciousness. It can refer either to the act of thinking or the resulting ideas or arrangements of ideas.
3\ What is the definition of “Culture”?-
Culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
4\ What are some of the main factors influencing the English Thought & Culture?-
1. Invasions (Politics & Economy)
2. Roman & Greek teachings and philosophies
3. Religions (Judaism & Christianity)
4. Theories, Movements, & Revolutions
5. Media & Technology
6. Geography and location
7. Contributions of other nations and cultures (like the Islamic and Arabic contributions)
5\ what do you want to learn in this course? -
Foundations and factors influencing the English and Thought & Culture Iwant to learn about English customs and culture in the European countries





6\ Discuss the following: This course highlights the contributions of Arabic and Islamic culture and civilization to the Western thought and culture .-
In Middle Ages was western live in darkness because Ignorance that Imposition Church but Freedom from that go to western to the translation of Islamic book .Then appear the enlightenment age . Islamic scientific was cause in prosperity western .
Islamic contributions to Medieval Europe were numerous, affecting such varied areas as art, architecture, medicine, agriculture, music, language, and technology. From the 11th to 13th centuries, Europe absorbed knowledge from the Islamic civilization. Of particular importance was the rediscovery of the ancient classic texts, most notably the work of the Greek natural philosopher Aristotle, through translations from Arabic.
7\ Discuss the impact of media on people’s thought.-
The media the had huge impact on people's of view and ideas and ways of thinking. it can make a bad thing look good and positive, it can also make something good look bad and people will become hateful towards it . and According to international statistics, media one of the most important influences in the lives of people .
8\ Mention some aspects of the Greek influence on the English thought & culture -
The term ancient Greece to the classical period of Greek history, in 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. Always seen as a culture, authentic and laid the foundation of Western civilization
She gave authenticity to the current renaissance during the Age of Enlightenment in the 16th century and 17 in Western Europe, and the restoration of activity again through many of the classic modern renaissance in the 18th century and 19th in Europe and the Americas .
9\ السؤال:- على البلاك بورد نفس السؤال حلوه نفسه اعادة للمناقشه 8
السؤال على الافتراضي :-
9\ Discuss briefly three main movements or revolutions that offected the English Thought &Culture . --
1- the American Revolution .2- The French Revolution . 3- industrial.
10\ Who was Plato?-
He was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his most-famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. the greek had a massive influence on life today. they were the first to develop democracy




11\ Language affects thought and culture. Discuss this statement
-Language is more than just a means of communication. It influences our culture and even our thought processes. During the first four decades of the 20th century, language was viewed by American linguists and anthropologists as being more important than it actually is in shaping our perception of reality. This was mostly due to Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf who said that language predetermines what we see in the world around us. In other words, language acts like a polarizing lens on a camera in filtering reality--we see the real world only in the categories of our language . and many different aspects of language could in principle influence many different aspects of thought.
12\ In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. What is the main consequence of this invasion?-
the greek had a massive influence on life today. they were the first to develop democracy.The Norman Conquest changed the face of England forever. William ruled as unquestioned conqueror and the Saxons became merely an unpaid workforce for their new lords. The Norman Conquest also changed the history of Europe – adding the wealth of England to the military might of Normandy made the joint-kingdom a European super power . In warfare it was the start of the age of the knight on horseback.
13\ What are the major varieties of English-
The two main groups are Britain and America. For each there are standard forms of English which are used as yardsticks for comparing other varieties of the respective areas.
1-In Britain the standard is called Received Pronunciation. The term stems from Daniel Jones at the beginning of the present century and refers to the pronunciation of English which is accepted - that is, received - in English society. BBC English, Oxford English, Queen’s English (formerly King’s English) are alternative terms which are not favoured by linguists as they are imprecise or simply incorrect.
2-In America there is a standard which is referred to by any of a number of titles, General American and Network American English being the two most common. There is a geographical area where this English is spoken and it is defined negatively as the rest of the United States outside of New England (the north east) and the South. General American is spoken by the majority of Americans, including many in the North-East and South and thus contrasts strongly with Received Pronunciation which is a prestige sociolect spoken by only a few percent of all the British. The southern United States occupy a unique position as the English characteristic of this area is found typically among the African American sections of the community. These are the descendents of the slaves originally imported into the Caribbean area, chiefly by the English from the 16th century onwards. Their English is quite different from that of the rest of the United States and has far more in common with that of the various Anglophone Caribbean islands.
ترجمة السؤال13\ ما هي أصناف الرئيسية في اللغة الإنجليزية؟ ترجمة قوقل ^!^-
المجموعات الرئيسية هما بريطانيا وأمريكا. لكل هناك أشكال مستوى اللغة الإنجليزية التي تستخدم كمقاييس لمقارنة أصناف أخرى من المجالات ذات الصلة .
1- في بريطانيا يسمى معيار النطق وردت. ينبع هذا المصطلح من دانيال جونز في بداية القرن الحالي ، ويشير إلى نطق الإنجليزية التي قبلت - وهذا هو، تلقى - في المجتمع الإنجليزي . بي بي سي الإنجليزية، أوكسفورد الإنكليزية ، اللغة الإنجليزية الملكة (سابقا الملك انجليزي) مصطلحات بديلة هي التي لا يفضلها اللغويين لأنها غير دقيقة أو غير صحيحة ببساطة .
2- في أمريكا هناك المعيار الذي يشار إليه من قبل أي عدد من الألقاب، الأمريكية العامة و شبكة أمريكا الانكليزي وهما الأكثر شيوعا. هناك منطقة الجغرافية التي يتحدث الإنجليزية و هذا يتم تعريفه سلبا مثل بقية الولايات المتحدة خارج نيو انغلاند ( شمال شرق ) والجنوب. يتحدث الاميركي العام من قبل غالبية من الأميركيين ، بما في ذلك العديد في الشمال الشرقي والجنوب، و بالتالي يتناقض بشدة مع تلقى النطق وهو sociolect الهيبة التي يتحدث بها عدد قليل في المئة فقط من جميع البريطانيين. جنوب الولايات المتحدة تحتل مكانة فريدة باعتبارها سمة اللغة الإنجليزية من هذا المجال و التي توجد عادة بين أقسام الأمريكيين من أصل أفريقي في المجتمع . هذه هي أحفاد العبيد المستوردة أصلا في منطقة البحر الكاريبي ، وعلى رأسها من قبل الإنجليز من القرن 16 وما بعده. لغتهم الإنجليزية هي مختلفة تماما عن بقية الولايات المتحدة ولها أكثر بكثير من القواسم المشتركة مع أن من مختلف جزر البحر الكاريبي الناطقة باللغة الإنجليزية....
========
14\ The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors. What are they?-
The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.
ترجمه 14\ والفرق الرئيسي بين اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة المبكرة والمتأخرة اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة هي المفردات. في وقت متأخر اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة لديها العديد من الكلمات، الناشئة عن اثنين من العوامل الرئيسية. ما هي؟
-
والفرق الرئيسي بين اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة المبكرة والمتأخرة اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة هي المفردات. في وقت متأخر اللغة الإنجليزية الحديثة لديها الكثير من الكلمات، والتي تنشأ من عاملين رئيسيين: أولا، خلق الثورة الصناعية والتكنولوجيا حاجة لكلمات جديدة؛ ثانيا، والإمبراطورية البريطانية في أوجها غطت ربع سطح الأرض، واعتمدت اللغة الإنجليزية الكلمات الأجنبية من العديد من البلدان.

---------------الترجمه قوقل طبعا --
------------------------------------------------الحمد لله الذي تتم به الصالحات ---اختكم روى نجد –دعواتي للجميع بالتوفيق ---

[sultan algram]

أسيرة المشاعر
شكراً جزيلاً
الله يعطيك/ي العافيه

[تـــــرف الشمري]

أسيرة المشاعر قولي امين ان شاء الله فالك الفل مارك