ÇáãÓÇÚÏ ÇáÔÎÕí ÇáÑÞãí

ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáäÓÎÉ ßÇãáÉ : ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÇáÍÏíËÉ (+a ) Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå


Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 2- 18, 07:14 PM
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æ ÑÍãÉ Çááå æ ÈÑßÇÊå
ÈÓã Çááå
äÈÏÇÁ ÊÌãÚ ãÇÏÉ ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÇáÍÏíËÉ (ÇáÛËíËÉ ) :biggrin:

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì


Lecture 1
Social and Historical Background

ÇáÎáÝíå ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíå æ ÇáÊÇÑíÎíÉ
The Novel: Definitions and Distinctions


ÇáÑæÇíÉ : ÇáÊÚÇÑíÝ æ ÇáÊãííÒ æ ÇáÇÎÊáÇÝÇÊ

ÇáÇÓáæÈ Genre
Style: Prose
äËÑ:ÇáäãØ
Length: Extended
ÇáØæá : ããÊÏ
Purpose: Mimesis or Verisimilitude
ÇáÛÑÖ : ÇáãÍÇßÇÉ Çæ ÊÎíá

The Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written. The Romance, in lofty and elevated language, describes what never happened nor is likely to happen.” Clara Reeve, The Progress of Romance, 1785

ÇáÑæÇíÉ åí ÕæÑÉ ãä ÇáæÇÞÚ æÇáÇÏÈ æÇáæÞÊ ÇáÐí ßÊÈÊ Ýíå . . ÇáÑæãÇäÓíÉ¡ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÓÇãíÉ íÕÝ æíÕÝ ãÇ áã íÍÏË ÃÈÏÇ æáÇ íãßä Ãä íÍÏË ".¿ ßáÇÑÇ ÑíÝ¡ æÊÞÏã ÇáÑæãÇäÓíÉ 1785

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Verisimilitude= ÇáÊÎíá


Refers to the illusion that the novel is a representation of real life. results from:
ÊÔíÑ ÇáÑæÇíÉ Çáì æåã ÊãËíá ÇáÍíÇÉ ÇáæÇÞÚ æÊÎíá äÊÇÆÌ ãäå

a correspondence between the world presented in the novel and the real world of the reader
ÇáÊØÇÈÞ Èíä ÇáÚÇáã ÇáããÚÑæÖ Ýí ÇáÑæÇíÉ æ ÇáÚÇáã ÇáÍÞíÞí ááÞÇÑÆ

Recognizable settings and characters in real time
what Hazlitt calls, “ the close imitation of men and manners… the very texture of society as it really exists.”

ÊäÙíã ÇáÇÚÏÇÏÊ æÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ Ýí ÇáæÞÊ ÇáÍÞíÞí : íÏÚæ åÇÒáíÊ "¡ æÇáÊÞáíÏ æËíÞ ãä ÇáÑÌÇá æÇÎáÇÞå ... ÇáãáãÓ ÌÏÇ ãä ÇáãÌÊãÚ ßãÇ áÇ ÊÒÇá ãæÌæÏÉ ÍÞÇ."


The novel emerged when authors fused adventure and
romance with verisimilitude and heroes that were not supermen but ordinary people, often, insignificant nobodies

ÙåÑÊ ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÚäÏ ÇáßÊÇÈ ÚäÏãÇ ÏãÌÊ ÇáãÛÇãÑÉ æ ÇáÑæãÇäÓíÉ ãÚ ÇáÊÎíá æÇáÇÈØÇá áíÓæ ÎÇÑÞíä áßäåã äÇÓ ÚÇÏííä æÛÇáÈÇ ÊÇÝåíä æÛíÑ ãåãíä
-------------------
Precursors to the Novel
ÇáÓáÝ Ýí ÇáÑæÇíÉ : íÞÕÏ ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáÞÏíãå ÌÏÇ æ ÊÚÊÈÑ ÑÇÆÏÉ ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ

Heroic Epics Gilgamesh, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil’s Aeneid, Beowulf, The Song of Roland

ÇáãáÇÍã ÇáÈØæáíÉ ãËá ÇáÇáíÇÐÉ æØÞÊåÇ :biggrin: ÇÍÝÙæåÇ Òíä
ÌáÌÇãÔ¡ ÇáÅáíÇÐÉ áåæãíÑæÓ æÇáÃæÏíÓÉ¡ ÇíäííÏ ÝíÑÌíá¡ ÈíææáÝ¡ äÔíÏ ÑæáÇäÏ
------
Ancient Greek and Roman Romances and Novels An Ephesian Tale and Chaereas and Callirhoe, Petronius’s Satyricon, Apuleius’s The Golden Ass
ÇáíæäÇäíÉ ÇáÞÏíãÉ æÇáÑæãÇäíÉ ÇáÑæãÇäÓíÇÊ æÑæÇíÇÊ-ÇÝíÓí ÍßÇíÉ æChaereas æCallirhoe¡ Satyricon ÈÊÑæäíæÓ¡ æÃÈæáíæÓ Ýí ÇáÍãÇÑ ÇáÐåÈí
------
Oriental Tales A Thousand and One Nights
ÍßÇíÇÊ ÔÑÞíÉ¿ ÃáÝ áíáÉ æ áíáÉ
-------
Medieval European Romances: Arthurian tales culminating in Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur
ÇáÑæãÇäÓíÇÊ ÇáÃæÑæÈíÉ Ýí ÇáÞÑæä ÇáæÓØì: ÍßÇíÇÊ Çáãáß ÂÑËÑ æÈáÛÊ ÐÑæÊåÇ Ýí ÊæãÇÓ ãÇáæÑí áãæÑÊí Darthur

-------------

Elizabethan Prose Fiction: Gascoigne’s The Adventure of Master F. J, Robert Greene’s Pandosto: The Triumph of Time, Thomas Nashe’s The Unfortunate Traveller, Deloney’s Jack of Newbury

ÇáäËÑ ÇáÎíÇáí ÇáÇáíÒÇÈíËí áÛÇÓßæíä ãÛÇãÑÉ ãÇÓÊÑ F. J¡ Pandosto ÑæÈÑÊ ÛÑíä: ÇäÊÕÇÑ ÇáæÞÊ¡ ÊæãÇÓ äÇÔ æÇáãÓÇÝÑ ãÄÓÝ¡ ÌÇß Deloney ãä äíæÈÑí
----------------
Travel Adventures: Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta, More’s Utopia, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Voltaire’s Candide

ãÛÇãÑÇÊ ÇáÓÝÑ: ãÇÑßæ Èæáæ æÇÈä ÈØæØÉ¡ æÇáãÒíÏ ãä íæÊæÈíÇ¡ ÌÇáíÝÑ íÓÇÝÑ¡ ßÇäÏíÏ ÝæáÊíÑ ÓæíÝÊ

------
Novella: Boccaccio’s Decameron, Margurerite de Navarre’s Heptameron

ÇáÑæÇíå ÇáÞÕíÑå: ÈæßÇÊÔíæ ÏíßÇãíÑæä¡ Margurerite Ïí äÇÝÇÑ Heptamero
----------
Moral Tales: Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progess, Johnson’s Rasselas

ÍßÇíÇÊ ÃÎáÇÞíÉ: ÇáÍÇÌ Progess ÈäíÇä¡ Rasselas ÌæäÓæä
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The First Novels

Don Quixote (Spain, 1605-15) by Miguel de Cervantes

The Princess of Cleves (France, 1678) by Madame de Lafayette

Robinson Crusoe (England, 1719), Moll Flanders (1722) and A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel DeFoe

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (England, 1740-1742) by Samuel Richardson

Joseph Andrews (England, 1742) and Tom Jones (1746) by Henry Fielding

Ïæä ßíÔæÊ (ÇÓÈÇäíÇ¡ 1605-1615) ãíÛíá Ïí ÓÑÝÇäÊÓ

ÃãíÑÉ ßáíÝ (ÝÑäÓÇ¡ 1678) ÇáÊí ßÊÈåÇ ãÏÇã Ïí áÇÝÇííÊ

ÑæÈäÓæä ßÑæÒæ (ÇäßáÊÑÇ¡ 1719)¡ ãæá ÝáÇäÏÑÒ (1722) æãÌáÉ ááÓäÉ ÇáØÇÚæä (1722) ÇáÊí ßÊÈåÇ ÏÇäíÇá ÏíÝæ

ÈÇãíáÇ¡ Ãæ ÌÒÇÁ ÇáÝÖíáÉ (ÇäßáÊÑÇ¡ 1740-1742) ãä ÞÈá ÕãæÆíá ÑíÊÔÇÑÏÓæä

ÌæÒíÝ ÇäÏÑæÒ (ÇäßáÊÑÇ 1742) æÊæã ÌæäÒ (1746) ãä ÞÈá åäÑí ÝíáÏíäÛ
---------
Types of Novels


Picaresque ÊÔÑÏí
Epistolary ÑÓÇÆáí
Sentimental æÌÏÇäí
Mystery ÇáÛãæÖ
Gothic ÞæØí Çæ ãÎíÝ
Science Fiction ÇáÎíÇá ÇáÚáãí
Historical ÊÇÑíÎíå
Magical ÓÍÑíÉ
Realism æÇÞÚíÉ
Psychological äÝÓíÉ
Realistic/Naturalistic æÇÞÚíÉ ÊáÞÇÆíå
:rose::rose: íÊÈÚ

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 2- 18, 07:47 PM
æÚáíßã ÇáÓáÇã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
ÌÒÇß Çááå ÇÎÊí ÇÓÊãÑí æäÍä ãÚß
äÌãÚ ÇÓÆáå æÇÌæÈå ÚáíåÇ ÍÊì ÊÑÓÎ ÇßËÑ
ÕÍíÍ ÇáãÇÏÉ Øææíáå Çááå íæÝÞäÇ

íÇáíÊ äÊÇßÏ ãä Çí ÔíÆ ääÒáå Çäå áÏß澄 æÕÝí ÔÞíÑÇÊ

ÇÊÑß ÇáãáÎÕ åäÇ áãä íÑíÏå

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=239308&d=1422437926

Íá ÇáæÇÌÈ ááÑæÇíå ÇáÍÏíËå 1436

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=221544&d=1417526299

ÇÓÆáÉ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÑæÇíå ÇáÍÏíËå
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t590928.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=232042&d=1419512266


äÞÇØ ãåãå áãÇÏÉ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=223325&d=1418192232

ÌÏæá ãÎÊÕÑ íÓÇÚÏäÇ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=232059&d=1419515305

ãÓÇÚÏÉ ãä ØÇáÈ Çááå íÌÒÇå ÎíÑ áÏÑÇÓÊå ÚäÏ Ïß澄 æÕÝí ÔÞíÑÇÊ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=232041&d=1419512214

kholooad
2015- 2- 18, 09:21 PM
ãáÎÕ åÇáãÇÏÉ ÊÛíÑ Ãæ áÇ..¿¿

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 2- 18, 09:26 PM
ãáÎÕ åÇáãÇÏÉ ÊÛíÑ Ãæ áÇ..¿¿


ÇáÏß澄 ÇÓãå ÔÞíÑÇÊ
åÐÇ ËÇäí ÊÑã áå ãÚ ÇáãÇÏÉ æÇáãÇÏÉ ãÊÛíÑ ãÍÊæÇåÇ Úä ÇáÞÏíã


ÇáãÍÊæì åÐÇ ãÑÑå Øæíá æßáå ÇÓãÇÁ :000:

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 2- 18, 10:53 PM
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616 :sm12:


First European novel: part I - 1605; part II - 1615
Çæá ÑæÇíå ÇæÑÈíå
---------
England’s First Professional Female Author: Aphra Behn 1640-1689
Çæá ÇãÑÇÉ ÊãÊåä ÇáßÊÇÈå
----------
Daniel Defoe
ÏÇäíÇá ÏíÝæ ÇÙä Çááí ÏÑÓ ÙåæÑ ÇáÑæÇíÉ íÐßÑ ãÚáæãÇÊ Úäå
-----------
Picaresque Novels
ÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáÊÔÑÏ
The name comes from the Spanish word picaro: a rogue
ÌÇÁ ÇáÇÓã ãä ÇáÇÓÈÇäíÉ ÈãÚäì ÇáãÇÑÞ ÇæÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáãÊãÑÏÉ
ÊÊßáã Úä ÇáÊÔÑÏ æ äÙÑÉ ÇáãÌÊãÚ áåã
------------
Epistolary Novels
ÑæÇíÇÊ ÊÇÊí ÈÔßá ÑÓÇÆá ãÊÓáÓáå
------
ÇÔåÑ ÇáÑæÇÆííä
Samuel Richardson 1689-1761
ÕãæÆíá ÑíÔÇÑÏÓæä
Henry Fielding

åäÑí ÝíÏíäÞ
----------

The Novel of Manners
Jane Austen
ÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
Ìíä ÇæÓÊä
-------
Gothic Novels
ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáÞæØíå .. ÔÎÕíÇÊåÇ ãÎíÝÉ æÎíÇáíå æÊ쾄 ÇÍÏÇËåÇ Ýí ÇáÞáÇÚ æÇáÞÕæÑ ÇáãåÌæÑÉ :verycute:
ÇÔåÑ ÇáÑæíÇÊ ãä åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ åí ÑæÇíÉ
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley 1797-1851
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Novels of Sentiment
ÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáãÔÇÚÑ
ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ æÇáÞÑÇÁ áÏíåã ÇÓÊÌÇÈå ÊÌÇå ÇÍÏÇË ÇáÑæÇíå
ÇÔåÑ ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ
Laurence Sterne: Tristram Shandy (1760-67)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)

Francois Rene de Chateaubriand: Atala (1801) and Rene (1802)

The Brontës: Anne Brontë Agnes Grey (1847) Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights (1847), Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre (1847
------------
æ ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì
:rose:

moontima2
2015- 2- 19, 05:23 AM
:(204)::(204)::(204)::004:

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2015- 2- 19, 11:25 AM
Çááå íÌÒÇß ÎíÑ
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áßä ÍÓÈ ãÇåæ ãæÌæÏ Ýí ÇáãäÊÏì
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ÝãÇ ÃÏÑí ÇáãÍÊæì ÈíÊÛíÑ æáÇ
áÇ

totoh
2015- 2- 19, 01:41 PM
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❞ υм.Aℓßαяα’α ❝
2015- 2- 23, 10:50 PM
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Ñíã ÇáÝáÇ 33
2015- 3- 2, 06:17 PM
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ÈæÚáí ÇáÓÇÑí
2015- 3- 3, 09:13 AM
ãÔßæÑíä ÇäÔÇááå ÑÇÍ ÇÐÇßÑ ãäå

ÈäÊ ÕÇÝíå
2015- 3- 4, 12:44 AM
:)

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2015- 3- 16, 03:40 AM
Çááå íÓÚÏß íÇ ÓÑäÏíÈ

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ÓíÆÉ ÌÏÇ ÇáãÇÏå åÐí

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 3- 16, 04:21 AM
ÇáãÇÏÉ ÍÝÙ

ÇÐÇ ßÇä ÚäÏí æÞÊ ÑÇÍ ÇÍÇæá ÇÓæí ÓÄÇá æ ÌæÇÈ áßá ãÍÇÖÑÉ ¿
Çááå ßÑíã

taghreed.Alotaibi
2015- 3- 22, 05:30 AM
Çááå íÚØíß ÇáÚÇÝíÉ :icon19: ..
Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÑÇÍ ÇÔÇÑß Çááí ÇÔæÝå ãåã ãä æÌåÉ äÙÑí Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ Úáì Ôßá ÑÄæÓ ÇÞáÇã ..
ÈÏæä ÊÑÌãÉ æÇááí ÍÇÈ íÊÑÌã ÈÑÇÍÊå æ íÑÌÚ áÈÏÇíÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ æ íÊÇÈÚ ãÚ ÇáÇÎÊ ÕíÊå :21:


--


ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì :



The Novel: Definitions and Distinctions


? What is the Kind or Genre of The Novel
Fiction and Narrative

? What is the Style of the Novel
Prose

? We can say the Length of the Novel is
Extended like 6000 word or so


? What is the Purpose of the Novel
Mimesis or Verisimilitude


Precursors to the Novel

íÝÖá ÍÝÙ ÇáÇãËáÉ ßáåÇ

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/142699102693.jpg


Types of Novels

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426991026862.jpg

Ýíå ßã äæÚ ãÔÑæÍ ÈÇáÊÝÕíá Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì ¡ ÇÑÌÚæÇ áå ááÇÓÊÝÇÏÉ


: First European novel
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes

: First European historical novel
The Princess of Cleves Madame de Lafayette


The Rise of the English Novel
ÇÑÌÚæÇ ááãÍÊæì áÇä åÇáÝÞÑÉ ãåãÉ *


: England’s First Professional Female Author
Aphra Behn


: The father of travel literature is

Daniel Defoe

: First English novel
Pamela, by Samuel Richardson



: Shamela by Henry Fielding is a reaction or Parody of
Pamela, by Samuel Richardson


: Novelists of manners

Jane Austen, Anthony Trollope, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Drabble



: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is One of the most famous

gothic novels
? Inspired by

a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a : ghost story





--


ÇÓÆáÉ Úáì ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÏÑÇÓí ÇáÇæá 1436 åÜ :


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http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/142699092922.jpg

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929313.jpg


http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929434.jpg

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äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 3- 22, 05:53 AM
ÊÛÑíÏ ÇÍÓäÊí
Çááå íÈÇÑß Ýíßí
ßÐÇ Íáæææ ÑÈí áÇ íÖíÚ áß ÊÚÈ
ÓÑäÏíÈ Çááå íÝÊÍ Úáíßí æíÞæíßí

ãÑÊÏíáÇ
2015- 3- 23, 06:14 PM
ãÇÔÇááå ÇÓÊãÑæÇ

totoh
2015- 3- 24, 02:43 PM
Çááå íÚØíß ÇáÚÇÝíå ÊÛÑíÏ:106:

totoh
2015- 3- 26, 03:01 PM
ããßä ÇÓÆáå ÊÓÇÚÏäì Úáì ÍÝÙ ÇáãÇÏå ÖÑæÑì áÇäå ãÇÝì æÞÊ

Ñíã ÇáÝáÇ 33
2015- 4- 1, 12:03 PM
íÇáíÊ ÊÓÊãÑí íÇÇÎÊ ÊÛÑíÏ Ýí ÇÓáæÈß ÐßÑÊíäí ÈÇáÇÎ ÊÑæß Çááå íÌÒÇå ÎíÑ ÈÚÏ ßá ãÍÇÖÑÉ íäÒá ÇáÇÓÆáå Çááí ÚáíåÇ .

ãÜÑÓÇá
2015- 4- 10, 07:00 AM
ÈÇáíÊ ÊßãáÉ Çááí ÈÏíÊæå Çááå íÌÒÇßã ÇáÝ ÎíÑ
ãä ÌÏ ÇáãÇÏå íÈí áåÇ ÍÝÙ ãÚ ßãíÉ ÊÑßíííííÒ

ÔÐì ÇáæÑÏ 22
2015- 4- 12, 03:07 AM
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã ÊÛÑíÏ æÕíÊå Ýí ãÌÇá Êßãáæä Çááå íÌÒÇßã ÎíÑ ÈÓØÊæåÇ Úáí

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 14, 06:09 AM
Çááå íÚØíß ÇáÚÇÝíÉ :icon19: ..
Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÑÇÍ ÇÔÇÑß Çááí ÇÔæÝå ãåã ãä æÌåÉ äÙÑí Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ Úáì Ôßá ÑÄæÓ ÇÞáÇã ..
ÈÏæä ÊÑÌãÉ æÇááí ÍÇÈ íÊÑÌã ÈÑÇÍÊå æ íÑÌÚ áÈÏÇíÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ æ íÊÇÈÚ ãÚ ÇáÇÎÊ ÕíÊå :21:


--


ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì :



The Novel: Definitions and Distinctions


? What is the Kind or Genre of The Novel
Fiction and Narrative

? What is the Style of the Novel
Prose

? We can say the Length of the Novel is
Extended like 6000 word or so


? What is the Purpose of the Novel
Mimesis or Verisimilitude


Precursors to the Novel

íÝÖá ÍÝÙ ÇáÇãËáÉ ßáåÇ

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/142699102693.jpg


Types of Novels

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Ýíå ßã äæÚ ãÔÑæÍ ÈÇáÊÝÕíá Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì ¡ ÇÑÌÚæÇ áå ááÇÓÊÝÇÏÉ


: First European novel
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes

: First European historical novel
The Princess of Cleves Madame de Lafayette


The Rise of the English Novel
ÇÑÌÚæÇ ááãÍÊæì áÇä åÇáÝÞÑÉ ãåãÉ *


: England’s First Professional Female Author
Aphra Behn


: The father of travel literature is

Daniel Defoe

: First English novel
Pamela, by Samuel Richardson



: Shamela by Henry Fielding is a reaction or Parody of
Pamela, by Samuel Richardson


: Novelists of manners

Jane Austen, Anthony Trollope, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Drabble



: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is One of the most famous

gothic novels
? Inspired by

a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a : ghost story





--


ÇÓÆáÉ Úáì ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÏÑÇÓí ÇáÇæá 1436 åÜ :


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http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929535.jpg
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ãÏÑí æíä ÑÇÍÊ ÇáÕæÑ
ÇáãÚÐÑÉ ÇÎÊí ÊÛÑíÏ áæ ÊÑÌÚí ÊÑÝÞíåÇ Ýí ãáÝ pdf ÇÝÖá ÚÔÇä ãæÇÞÚ ÊÍãíá ÇáÕæÑ ãÇáåÇ ÇãÇä ÊÎÊÝí Ýí íæã

ÝíÇáíÊ ÊÑÌÚí ÊÑÝÞí ÇáÇÓÆáÉ Çáí ÞÕÊíåÇ ÝÞØ Çááå íÝÊÍ Úáíß

taghreed.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 14, 12:22 PM
È ÅÐä Çááå ÑÇÍ Çßãá ßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÞÑíÈ ÎáÇá ÇáÇÓÈæÚ ÇáÞÇÏã Çæ Çááí ÈÚÏå ..
æ ÊÍÊ ßá ãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ Çááí ÚáíåÇ ãä ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÓÇÈÞ
æ ÇÎíÑÇð ÑÇÍ ÇäÒá ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ãÕÍÍå æ ãßÊæÈÉ áßã
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4 - 5 ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÑæÇíÉ Robinson Crusoe
- ããßä ãÇ ÇÊØÑÞ áåÇ áÇäåÇ ãÚáæãÇÊ ãßÑÑå ÈÍßã Çä ÓÈÞ æÇÎÐäÇåÇ -
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ãä 9 - 14 ÊÊßáã Úä ãæÖæÚ æÇÍÏ æ åæ ÑæÇíÉ Heart of Darkness
æ ÈÞíÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÊÊßáã Úä ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÈÔßá ÚÇã .

-

äåÑ ÇÈÔÑí ÇááíáÉ ÑÇÍ ÇäÒáåÇ :rose: .

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 14, 12:40 PM
ÌÒíÊ ÎíÑÇ

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 14, 01:52 PM
ÑÇÍ ÇÍÏÏ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÌÏíÏÉ ãÚ ÊÑÌãÊåÇ Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ãä ÈÇÈ áæ Çä ÇáÏß澄 ÌÇÈ ÝÑÇÛÇÊ

ÇáãÍÇÙÑÉ ÇáÇæáì

“The Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written.
The Romance, in lofty and elevated language, describes what never happened nor is
likely to happen.”
Clara Reeve, The Progress of Romance, 1785
ÇáÓÇãíÉ æÇáÑÝíÚå
-----------------------
Verisimilitude
Refers to the illusion that the novel is a representation of real life.
Çáæåã

---------------------------------------
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ :rose:

The Novel of Manners:
Jane Austen
Novels dominated by the customs, manners,íÓíØÑ
conventional behavior and habits of a particular social class
Often concerned with courtship and marriage ÇáÎØæÈÉ
Realistic and sometimes satiric
ÓÇÎÑÉ
Focus on domestic society rather than the larger world
Other novelists of manners: Anthony Trollope, Edith
Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Drabble
---------
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley 1797-1851
One of the most famous gothic novels
Inspired by a dream in reaction to a
ÑÝÖ
challenge to write a ghos story
Published in 1817 (rev. ed. 1831)
Influenced by the Greek myth of Promotheus
Frankenstein is also considered the first science fiction novel
--------------

Historical Novels
ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ ÇáÊÇÑíÎíÉ
Novels that reconstruct a past age,
ÇÚÇÏÉ ÈäÇÁ ÇáãÇÖí
often when two cultures are in conflict
ÊÊÕÇÑÚ
Fictional characters interact with with historical figures in
actual events
ÏSir Walter Scott (1771-1832) is considered the father of the historical novel: The Waverly Novels (1814-1819) and Ivanhoe (1819)
--------
Social issues came to the forefront ãÞÏãÉ with the condition of laborers in the Industrial Revolution and later in the Depression: Dickens’ Hard Times, Gaskell’s Mary Barton;
ÇáßÓÇÏ
Eliot’s Middlemarch; Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath
Social or Sociological novels deal with the nature, function and effect of the society which the characters inhabit – often for the purpose of effecting reform
Slavery and race issues arose in
ÇáÑÞ æÇáÚÑÞíÉ
American social novels: Harriet Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 20th c. novels by Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, etc.
---------------
Social Realism Cont.
Muckrakers exposed corruption in
ßÔÝ ÇáÝÓÇÏ
industry and society: Sinclair’s The Jungle, Steinbeck’s Cannery Row
Propaganda novels advocate a doctrinaire solution to social problems: Godwin’s Things as They Are, Rand’s Atlas Shrugged
------------
Charles Dickens 1812-1870
By including varieties of poor people in all his novels, Dickens brought the problems of poverty to the attention of his readers: ÝÞÑ
“It is scarcely conceivable that anyone should…exert a stronger social influence than Mr. Dickens has…. His sympathies are on the side of the suffering and the frail; and this makes him the idol of those who suffer, from whatever cause.”
Harriet Martineau, The London Times called him "pre-eminently a writer of the people and
ãÊãíÒ
for the people . . . the 'Great Commoner' of English fiction."
Dickens aimed at arousing the conscience of his age
ÇËÇÑÉ ÖãíÑ
. To his success in doing so, a Nonconformist preacher paid the following tribute:
"There have been at work among us three great social agencies: the London City Mission; the novels of Mr. Dickens; the cholera
----------------------------------------------
The Russian Novel
 Russia from 1850-1920 was a period of social, political, and existential struggle.
 Writers and thinkers remained divided: some tried to incite revolution ÊÍÑíÖ, while others romanticized the past as a time of harmonious order.
 The novel in Russia embodied those struggles and conflicts ÇáÕÑÇÚÇÊ æÇáäÒÚÇÊ in some of the greatest books ever written.
 The characters in the works search for meaning in an uncertain world, while the novelists who created them experiment with modes of artistic expression to represent the troubled spirit of their age.
------------------------
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ :rose:

The Novel: A Definition
According to M.H. Abrams:
“The term novel is now applied to a great variety of writings that have in common only the attribute of being extended works of fiction written in prose. […] Its magnitude permits a greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot (or plots), ampler development of milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more concentrated modes.”
---------------------------
Language and Popular Taste
Defoe did not write his first novel, Robinson Crusoe, until he was 59. Until then, he was a journalist and a political pamphleteer, and his style was influenced by journalism.
Other factors that influenced language at the time
The desire to keep language close to the speech of artisans and merchants because they were the new economic and financial agents of England.

-------------------------------
Socio-Historical Background
Worldwide travels, the establishment of colonies in the Americas, the international slave trade, industrialization
Europe, especially England, is now in control of international trade routes and owns the bulk of the international trade.
The new economic realities produce a middle class in England, people who used to be serfs working the lands of aristocrats can now be entrepreneurs, slave traders, adventurers, colonists in America. Their children can now be educated.
The new markets also demand a new type of worker: skilled and
literate. The establishment of grammar school
-------------------

The Development of Prose Fiction

In the 17th and 18th centuries, prose was still not recognized as a literary form. Only Greek and Latin and English verse were considered “high culture.” English prose was what lower or middle class people read and wrote.
---------
The economic wealth created in the 18th century a middle class that has a good income and leisure time. They cannot read Greek or Latin and formal literature, but they can read simple stories in prose.
----------------
The first novels were published as serial stories in newspapers. Travel stories published in episodes telling the English public of adventures in far away lands.

-----------------------
The establishment of colonies, worldwide travel and international trade made people in England curious about the new lands they were traveling to. This is how stories began to be published in newspapers in prose about travel adventures in exotic and far away lands.
--------------------------------
The popularity of these travel stories made publishers realize that there was a market and this is how novels in book format began to be published.
-----------
Still, bookshops, coffeehouses, salons and reading rooms provided new gathering places where people discussed literature.
----------
:rose::rose:

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 15, 12:07 AM
È ÅÐä Çááå ÑÇÍ Çßãá ßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÞÑíÈ ÎáÇá ÇáÇÓÈæÚ ÇáÞÇÏã Çæ Çááí ÈÚÏå ..
æ ÊÍÊ ßá ãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ Çááí ÚáíåÇ ãä ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÓÇÈÞ
æ ÇÎíÑÇð ÑÇÍ ÇäÒá ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ãÕÍÍå æ ãßÊæÈÉ áßã
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 4 - 5 ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÑæÇíÉ robinson crusoe
- ããßä ãÇ ÇÊØÑÞ áåÇ áÇäåÇ ãÚáæãÇÊ ãßÑÑå ÈÍßã Çä ÓÈÞ æÇÎÐäÇåÇ -
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ãä 9 - 14 ÊÊßáã Úä ãæÖæÚ æÇÍÏ æ åæ ÑæÇíÉ heart of darkness
æ ÈÞíÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÊÊßáã Úä ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÈÔßá ÚÇã .

-

äåÑ ÇÈÔÑí ÇááíáÉ ÑÇÍ ÇäÒáåÇ :rose: .

ÎáÇÕ íÇ ÇáÛÇáíå ÇáÇä ØáÚÊ ÇáÕæÑ æÍÝÙÊåÇ æäÒáÊåÇ ßãÑÝÞ Ýí ÇáÑÏ åÐÇ ÚÔÇä ÛíÑí íÓÊÝíÏ ãäåÇ

ÑÈí íÓÚÏß íÇ ÊÛÑíÏ æíæÝÞß æíÈÔÑß ÈÃÛáì ãÇ ÊÊãäí
ãäÊÙÑíäß ÈÓ íÇáíÊ ßãÇä ÊäÒáíåÇ ßãÑÝÞÇÊ ÚÔÇä ãÑÇßÒ ÇáÊÍãíá ÈáÇ ÇãÇä

æÊÏÑíä ÇáãæÞÚ ÞÑÈ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ íÊÞÝá ÝÃÓÑÚí ÝíåÇ æäßæä áß ãä ÇáÔÇßÑíä



ÓÑäÏíÈ ÇÔßÑß æãÊÇÈÚíä áß Çááå íæÝÞäÇ

ÇãíÑÉ ããíÒå
2015- 4- 15, 01:14 AM
Çááå íÚØíß ÇáÚÇÝíÉ :icon19: ..
Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÑÇÍ ÇÔÇÑß Çááí ÇÔæÝå ãåã ãä æÌåÉ äÙÑí Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ Úáì Ôßá ÑÄæÓ ÇÞáÇã ..
ÈÏæä ÊÑÌãÉ æÇááí ÍÇÈ íÊÑÌã ÈÑÇÍÊå æ íÑÌÚ áÈÏÇíÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ æ íÊÇÈÚ ãÚ ÇáÇÎÊ ÕíÊå :21:


--


ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì :



the novel: definitions and distinctions


? What is the kind or genre of the novel
fiction and narrative

? What is the style of the novel
prose

? We can say the length of the novel is
extended like 6000 word or so


? What is the purpose of the novel
mimesis or verisimilitude


precursors to the novel

íÝÖá ÍÝÙ ÇáÇãËáÉ ßáåÇ

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types of novels

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Ýíå ßã äæÚ ãÔÑæÍ ÈÇáÊÝÕíá Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì ¡ ÇÑÌÚæÇ áå ááÇÓÊÝÇÏÉ


: first european novel
don quixote by miguel de cervantes

: First european historical novel
the princess of cleves madame de lafayette


the rise of the english novel
ÇÑÌÚæÇ ááãÍÊæì áÇä åÇáÝÞÑÉ ãåãÉ *


: england’s first professional female author
aphra behn


: The father of travel literature is

daniel defoe

: First english novel
pamela, by samuel richardson



: Shamela by henry fielding is a reaction or parody of
pamela, by samuel richardson


: Novelists of manners

jane austen, anthony trollope, edith wharton, f. Scott fitzgerald, margaret drabble



: Frankenstein by mary shelley is one of the most famous

gothic novels
? Inspired by

a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a : ghost story





--


ÇÓÆáÉ Úáì ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÏÑÇÓí ÇáÇæá 1436 åÜ :


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http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929313.jpg


http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929434.jpg

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929535.jpg
http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426990929646.jpg

http://store1.up-00.com/2015-03/1426991026721.jpg



ÇáÝ ÇáÝ ÔßÑ áß ãÔÑÝÊäÇ ÊÛÑíÏ ÓåáÊí Úáí ÇáÇÓÆáå æßá Ôí ãä ÈÚÏ ÇÐäß íÇáíÊ Êßãáíä ßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÇÐÇ ÊÞÏÑíä áæ ÈÓ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ :004::004::004:

åãÓÇÊ 2
2015- 4- 15, 06:58 AM
ãæ ÞÇÏÑå ÇÓÊæÚÈ ÇáãÇÏå íÇáíÊ ÊÓÇÚÏæäí ÇßËÑ

taghreed.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 15, 10:25 PM
ãáÇÍÙÉ ÞÈá ßá ÔíÁ
ÇáÏß澄 æ Úáì ÍÓÈ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáãæÌæÏÉ ÚäÏí
íäÓÎ ÇáäÕ ßãÇ åæ ãæÌæÏ Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì ãÚ ÊÛííÑ ÈÓíØ Çä æÌÏ
ÝÜ áæ ÍÐÝÊ ÔíÁ ÇäÇ ãÚÊÈÑÊå ÔÎÕíÇð ÛíÑ ãåã æ ÊÞÏÑæä ÊÑÌÚæä ááãÍÊæì ßÜ ãÑÇÌÚÉ
ÇíÖðÇ ÇáÊæÇÑíÎ ãÇ æÖÚÊåÇ ¡ Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáãÈÇÔÑÉ ÇáÇÎíÑÉ ÑÇÍ ÇÓÃáå ÇÐÇ Ýíå ÊæÇÑíÎ ãåãÉ äÑßÒ ÚáíåÇ æáÇ áÇ
ÇÎíÑðÇ .. ÇáÇÔíÇÁ Çááí ÇÞæáßã ÇÑÌÚæÇ áåÇ ÈÇáãÍÊæì ÇÑÌÚæÇ áåÇ ÝÖáÇð áÇ ÇãÑÇð ÚÔÇä ãÇíÖíÚ ÊÚÈßã :biggrin:
:rose:

-

: Lecture #2
-

? What Dose " Novel of sentiment " means
Novels in which the characters, and thus the readers, have a heightened emotional response to events
-
: Example of A Novel of sentiment
Laurence Sterne: Tristram Shandy
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Werther
Francois Rene de Chateaubriand: Atala and Rene
The Brontës: Anne Brontë Agnes Grey , Emily Brontë Wuthering Heights , Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre
The Brontës: åã Ýí ÇáÇÓÇÓ ÇÎæÇÊ
æ ßá æÍÏÉ ÈÌÇäÈ ÇÓãåÇ ÇÓã ÇáÑæÇíÉ Çááí ßÊÈÊåÇ " ÈÇááæä ÇáÇÍãÑ æÇáÎØ ÇáãÇÆá "
-
x1- ____Wuthering Heights____ and ___Jane Eyre_____ transcend sentiment into myth-making
x2- Wuthering Heights plumbs the psychic unconscious in a search for ____wholeness_____, while Jane Eyre narrates the female quest for _____individuation_____x
-
? Who considered the father of the historical novel
Sir Walter Scott : ( waverley - ivanhoe )x

Çááí Èíä ÞæÓíä åÐí ÇáÑæÇíÇÊ Çááí ßÊÈåÇ æßáåÇ ÊÇÑíÎíÉ
-
Realism and Naturalism
ÇÑÌÚæÇ áåÇ ÈÇáãÍÊæì ÚÔÇä ÊÚÑÝæä ÇáÝÑÞ Èíäåã ãåãÉ

-
x1- Social or Sociological novels deal with the ___nature, function and effect____ of the
society which the characters inhabit – often for the purpose of _____effecting reform____x
x2- Social issues came to the forefront with the condition of laborers in the ___Industrial Revolution___ and later in the ___Depression___ x
x3- Slavery and race issues arose in ___American social novels___x

-
x1- Russia from 1850-1920 was a period of ___social, political, and existential___ struggle
x2- Writers and thinkers remained divided : some tried to ___incite revolution___, while others romanticized the past as a time of ____harmonious order____x
x3- The novel in Russia embodied those _____struggles and conflicts______ in some of the greatest books ever written.x
x4- The characters in the works search for _____meaning in an uncertain world_____, while the novelists who created them experiment with _____modes of artistic expression_____ to represent the troubled spirit of their age.
-

ÇÓÆáÉ ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÇæá 1436 åÜ Úáì ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ


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http://store1.up-00.com/2015-04/1429125516264.jpg



:icon1::love080:

ÔÐì ÇáæÑÏ 22
2015- 4- 16, 02:00 AM
Çááå íÌÒÇßã ÎíÑ ÇÝÖá æÑÔå áåÐÇ ÇáÊÑã íÇáíÊ Êßãáæ ßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ æÇÍÏ íÌãÚåÇ áäÇ ÈãáÝ áæ ÊßÑãÊæ

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 16, 02:04 AM
ÈÇÑß Çááå Ýíß í ÊÛÑíÏ
Çááå íÓÚÏß Ý ÇáÏÇÑíä

Êã äÓÎ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÇæáì æ ÇáËÇäíå Ýí ÇáãÑÝÞÇÊ

åãÊí ÚÇáíÉ
2015- 4- 16, 02:34 PM
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t582699.html

ãä ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÊÑã ÇáãÇÖí

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 17, 04:21 AM
ÇÖÇÝå ááÔÑíÍå ÇáÇæáì Ýí ãÍÇÖÑÉ 11 ãä ãáÎÕ ÔæÞ ÇáÙÇåÑ ÓÞØÊ ãäåÇ ÓåæÇ

Fifty miles away from Kurtz’s Inner Station, Marlow and his companions find a hut with a stack of firewood and a note that says, “Wood for you. Hurry up. Approach cautiously.” They can’t read the signature, but it is clearly not Kurtz’s.
Inside the hut, Marlow finds a battered old book on seamanship with notes in the margin in what looks like code. The manager concludes that the wood must have been left by the Russian trader, a man about whom Marlow has overheard the manager complaining. After taking aboard the firewood that serves as the ship’s fuel, the party continues up the river, the steamer struggling and about to give up working completely.

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 18, 12:10 AM
Çááå íåÏíå ÇáÏßÊæÑ

ÇÓÆáÊå Úáì ãÞÏ ãÇåí ßáãÉ æÑÏ ÛØÇåÇ

Úáì ÞÏ ãÇåí ãÇáå ÏÇÚí

ãÑßÒ Úáì ÇÔíÇÁ áæ Çäí ãÇÔÝÊ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÚÇã ßÇä ÑÍÊ ÝíåÇ
æãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáãÈÇÔÑå íÞæá Çáßá äÌÍ ÚäÏå È dæ c

Çááå ííÓÑ áäÇ íÇÑÈ æíäÌÍäÇ ÝíåÇ ÈÇÚáì ÇáÏÑÍÇÊ

ßÇÑÒãÇ
2015- 4- 18, 01:23 AM
.

.


íÈ í äåÑ :bawling:
ÊÏÑíä áíÔ ¿¿ áÇä ÇáãÇÏÉ ãÍÊÇÌÉ ÊÑÌãÉ ÏÞíÞÉ æãÝåæãÉ :007:
ÌÇáÓÉ ÇÊÑÌãåÇ ãÚÊãÏÉ Ú ãáÎÕ ÈíÓÇä ÊÍÓíäå ãäÞí ÔÑÇíÍ æáÇÒÞåÇ
ãÇÝí ÊäÇÓÞ æáÇ ÑÈØ :verycute:
ÇÞÚÏ Ç쾄 ÈÞæÞá Ú ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ ÚáÔÇä ÇÞÏÑ ÇÝåã æÔ ÞÕÏå :(177):
íÇÑÈ ÇÞÏÑ ÇßãáåÇ æÇäÒáåÇ áßã :verycute:
æÇÓÆáÊå ÈÇáÝÚá ÏÞíÞíÉ ÈÇáßáãÉ ÈÚÐÑ ÇáÏÝÚÉ Çáí ÞÈá æáÚæÇ ÇíÞæäÉ ÇáÔßÇæí :biggrin:

äåÑÇáÚØÇ
2015- 4- 18, 06:02 AM
.

.


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2015- 4- 18, 10:37 PM
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2015- 4- 18, 11:19 PM
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2015- 4- 19, 02:34 AM
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2015- 4- 19, 03:05 AM
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2015- 4- 19, 09:22 AM
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2015- 4- 19, 10:28 AM
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2015- 4- 19, 10:52 PM
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lavender faris
2015- 4- 19, 11:01 PM
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2015- 4- 20, 02:22 AM
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2015- 4- 20, 03:54 AM
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2015- 4- 20, 08:34 PM
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lavender faris
2015- 4- 21, 01:23 AM
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jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 4- 21, 01:42 AM
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2015- 4- 21, 05:28 AM
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jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 4- 21, 09:42 PM
ÇÎÊí ÇáÏß澄 ÏÑÓ ÇáÊÑã Çáí ÝÇÊ ÝÞØ æáå äãæÐÌ ÇÓÇáå ÊáÞíäå ãæÌæÏ åäÇ ÈÇáæÑÔå ÈÇáãÑÝÞÇÊ ÐÇßÑí ÇáãäåÌ ÇÞÑí ÈÝåã æÝí ÇÓÇáå ãä ØÇáÈå ãÌÊåÏÇ ãÇÔÇÁÇááå Úáì ßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ãÇÚÏÇ 12 áöÓóøå ãÇÎáÕÊ ßÊÇÈÊåÇ æÇáÈÇÞí ãæÌæÏ ÈÇáãáÝ ãÑÑÑå Íáæ ááÇÔíÇÁ ÇáÛÇãÖÉ ÈÇáãÍÊæì ÊáÞíäå ÈãæÖæÚ ÕíÊå Óíä æÌíã ÈÇáãáÊÞì ÇáÕÝÍÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ æÈÇáÊæÝíÞ æÝÇáß ÇáÊÎÑÌ ÈÇãÊíÇÒ:(204):
ÇäÇ ÝÏÇ ÇáäÇÓ ÇáÐæÞ íÇÑÈ Çãíäääää æãä ÏÚÇ íÇÑÈ

jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 4- 22, 05:08 AM
ãÇ ÌÇÈ æáÇ Ôí ãä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáæÇÌÈ ÈÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ

jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 4- 23, 11:58 AM
http://store3.up-00.com/dl/175ec/ÇÓÆáÉÇÎÊÈÇÑÇáÑæÇíÉÇáÍÏíËÉ-ÇáÝÕáÇáÏÑÇÓíÇáÃæá1436åÜ.pdf (http://store3.up-00.com/dl/175ec/ÇÓÆáÉÇÎÊÈÇÑÇáÑæÇíÉÇáÍÏíËÉ-ÇáÝÕáÇáÏÑÇÓíÇáÃæá1436åÜ.pdf)

ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÏÑÇÓí ÇáÇæá áÚÇã 1436

wejdanh
2015- 4- 23, 02:07 PM
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå
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2015- 4- 23, 04:45 PM
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Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 23, 04:57 PM
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2015- 4- 23, 05:33 PM
áÇ íßæä ÊÐÇßÑíä ãä ÇáãÍÊæì ÇáÞÏíã

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Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 23, 05:45 PM
ÊäÔÝíä ÇáÏã ÈÇáÚÑæÞ
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ßÇÑÒãÇ
2015- 4- 24, 12:08 AM
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áõØÝÇð ÇÍÏ íÊÑÌã áí åÇáÈÑÞÑÇÝ :S_45:
ØÈÚÇ åæ ãä ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 10
ÍÊì áæÍÑÝíÉ ÃÈí ÇÈáÚ åÇÈÑÞÑÇÝ ÚÌÒÊ :017:




• Marlow soon meets with the general manager, who strikes him as an altogether average man who leads by inspiring an odd uneasiness in those around him and whose authority derives merely from his resistance to tropical disease.

taghreed.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 24, 12:23 AM
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ÎÑÚÊäí æÇááå :verycute:
ÈÓ ÇáÔÞíÑÇÊ íæÊæÊ ßËíÑ ÈÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÝÌÏ ÊÍÓíäå íÞæá Ôí ËÇäí :Looking_anim:


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áõØÝÇð ÇÍÏ íÊÑÌã áí åÇáÈÑÞÑÇÝ :S_45:
ØÈÚÇ åæ ãä ÇáÑæÇíÉ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 10
ÍÊì áæÍÑÝíÉ ÃÈí ÇÈáÚ åÇÈÑÞÑÇÝ ÚÌÒÊ :017:


ÊÝÖáí åäÇ ÇáãÍÊæì ßÇãá ãÊÑÌã : #25 (http://www.ckfu.org/vb/12144994-post25.html)
æ ÇáÞÕÉ ßÇãáÉ ØÈÚÇð ÇÐÇ ÍÇÈå ÇÞÑÃíåÇ ÚÔÇä ÊÝåãíä ÇáÒÈÏÉ ÈØÑíÞÊß : åäÇ
(http://www.ckfu.org/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=221419&d=1417489341)

SoOom21
2015- 4- 24, 03:21 AM
ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÊÑã Çáí ØÜÜÜÜÜÜÇÝ

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http://www.ckfu.org/vb/misc.php?do=documentviewer&doc=248625-pdf

laylay
2015- 4- 24, 09:28 AM
ÇÈí ãáÎÕ ÈíÓÇä ÈÕíÛå ÇáææÑÏ ÑÈí íÑÖì Úáíßã

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 26, 12:25 AM
:icon1:ÇÈí ãáÎÕ ÈíÓÇä ÈÕíÛå ÇáææÑÏ ÑÈí íÑÖì Úáíßã
ÇÓÊÎÏãÊ åÐÇ ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ
http://www.online-convert.com/

Sitah.Alotaibi
2015- 4- 26, 01:24 AM
ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÍÏÏÉ Çáãåãå Ýí äÙÑí ----ãÌÑÏ ÊÎãíä ááÇÔíÇÁ Çáãåãå ---
Heart of Darkness: Part I
The novel begins on a yacht called the Nellie at the mouth of the river Thames in London. The yacht is waiting for the tide to go out.
Five men relax on the deck of the ship: the Director of Companies, who is also the captain and host, the Lawyer, the Accountant, Marlow, and the unnamed Narrator.
The five men, old friends held together by “the bond of the sea,” are restless yet meditative, as if waiting for something to happen. As darkness begins to fall, and the scene becomes “less brilliant but more profound,” the men recall the great men and ships that have set forth from the Thames on voyages of trade and exploration, frequently never to return.
-------
Suddenly Marlow remarks that this very spot (London, the Thames) was once “one of the dark places of the earth.”
He notes that when the Romans first came to England, it was a great, savage wilderness to them. He imagines what it must have been like for a young Roman captain or soldier to come to a place so far from home and lacking in comforts.
This reminds Marlow of his experience as a “fresh-water sailor,” when as a young man he captained a steamship going up the Congo River.
---------
Marlow recounts how he obtained a job with the Belgian “Company” that trades on the Congo River (the Congo was then a Belgian colony) through the influence of his aunt who had friends in the Company’s administration.
The Company was eager to send Marlow to Africa, because one of the Company’s steamer captains had recently been killed in a fight with the natives.
After he hears that he has gotten the job, Marlow travels across the English Channel to a city that reminds him of a “whited sepulchre” (probably Brussels) to sign employment contract at the Company’s office.
---------------
At the Company’s offices, Marlow finds two sinister women there knitting black wool, one of whom admits him to a waiting room, where he looks at a map of Africa color-coded by colonial powers.
Marlow signs his contract, and goes to be checked by a doctor. The doctor takes measurements of his skull, remarking that he unfortunately doesn’t get to see those men who make it back from Africa.
The doctor tells Marlow, “the changes take place inside.” The doctor is interested in learning anything that may give Belgians an advantage in colonial situations

---------------
Marlow then stops to say goodbye to his aunt, who expresses the hope that he will aid in the civilization of savages during his service to the Company, “weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways.”
Marlow is aware, though, that the Company operates for profit and not for the good of humanity, and he is bothered by his aunt’s naïveté.
Before boarding the French steamer that is to take him to Africa, Marlow has a brief but strange feeling about his journey: the feeling that he is setting off for the center of the earth.
The French steamer takes Marlow along the coast of Africa, stopping periodically to land soldiers and customs house officers. Marlow finds his idleness vexing, and the trip seems vaguely nightmarish to him. At one point, they come across a French man-of-war (a ship) shelling an apparently uninhabited forest along the coast.
They finally arrive at the mouth of the Congo River, where Marlow boards another steamship bound for a point thirty miles upriver. The captain of the ship, a young Swede, recognizes Marlow as a seaman and invites him on the bridge. The Swede criticizes the colonial officials and tells Marlow
about another Swede who recently hanged himself on his way into the interior.
--------
Marlow disembarks at the Company’s station, which is in a terrible state of disrepair. He sees piles of decaying machinery and a cliff being bombed for no apparent purpose. He also sees a group of black prisoners walking along in chains under the guard of another black man, who wears a shoddy uniform and carries a rifle.
Marlow remarks that he had already known the “devils” of violence, greed, and desire, but that in Africa he became acquainted with the “flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly.” Finally, Marlow comes to a grove of trees and, to his horror, finds a group of dying native laborers.


--------
He offers a biscuit to one of them; seeing a bit of white European yarn tied around his neck, he wonders at its meaning. He meets a neatly dressed white man, the Company’s chief accountant (not to be confused with Marlow’s friend the Accountant from the opening of the book).
station. One day, the chief accountant tells him that in the interior he will undoubtedly meet Mr. Kurtz, a first-class agent who sends in as much ivory as all the others put together and is destined for advancement. He tells Marlow to let Kurtz know that everything is satisfactory at the Outer Station when he meets him.
Marlow travels overland for two hundred miles with a caravan of sixty men. He has one white companion who falls ill and must be carried by the native bearers, who start to desert because of the added burden.
--------
After fifteen days they arrive at the dilapidated Central Station. Marlow finds that the steamer he was to command has sunk. The general manager of the Central Station had taken the boat out two days before under the charge of a volunteer skipper, and they had torn the bottom out on some rocks. In light of what he later learns, Marlow suspects the damage to the steamer may have been intentional, to keep him from reaching Kurtz
--------------
Marlow soon meets with the general manager, who strikes him as an altogether average man who leads by inspiring an odd uneasiness in those around him and whose authority derives merely from his resistance to tropical disease.
The manager tells Marlow that he took the boat out in a hurry to relieve the inner stations, especially the one belonging to Kurtz, who is rumored to be ill. He praises Kurtz as an exceptional agent and takes note that Kurtz is talked about on the coast.
It takes Marlow three months to repair his ship. One day during this time, a grass shed housing some trade goods burns down, and the native laborers dance delightedly as it burns.
One of the natives is accused of causing the fire and is beaten severely; he disappears into the forest after he recovers.
Marlow overhears the manager talking with the brickmaker about Kurtz at the site of the burned hut. He enters into conversation with the brickmaker after the manager leaves, and ends up accompanying the man back to his quarters, which are noticeably more luxurious than those of the other agents.
Marlow realizes after a while that the brickmaker is pumping him for information about the intentions of the Company’s board of directors in Europe, about which, of course, Marlow knows nothing.
Marlow notices an unusual painting on the wall, of a blindfolded woman with a lighted torch; when he asks about it, the brickmaker reveals that it is Kurtz’s work.
The brickmaker tells Marlow that Kurtz is a prodigy, sent as a special emissary of Western ideals by the Company’s directors and bound for quick advancement.
He also reveals that he has seen confidential correspondence dealing with Marlow’s appointment, from which he has construed that Marlow is also a favorite of the administration. They go outside, and the brickmaker tries to get himself into Marlow’s good graces—and Kurtz’s by proxy, since he believes Marlow is allied with Kurtz.
Marlow realizes the brickmaker had planned on being assistant manager, and Kurtz’s arrival has upset his chances. Seeing an opportunity to use the brickmaker’s influence to his own ends, Marlow lets the man believe he really does have influence in Europe and tells him that he wants a quantity of rivets from the coast to repair his ship. The brickmaker leaves him with a veiled threat on his life, but Marlow enjoys his obvious distress and confusion.
The Eldorado Exploring Expedition, a group of white men intent on “tear*ing+ treasure out of the bowels of the land,” arrives, led by the manager’s uncle, who spends his entire time at the station talking conspiratorially with his nephew.

Marlow gives up on ever receiving the rivets he needs to repair his ship, and turns to wondering disinterestedly about Kurtz and his ideals.
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jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 4- 27, 05:48 AM
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t670858.html

jo0ojo0o_2
2015- 5- 4, 05:49 PM
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