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Lecture 1

General and Brief Introduction to American Literature


1- Why was the literary tradition of America begins with the tradition of English literature?

Because America was a series of British colonies on the east coast of the present-day United States

2- Did the American literature kept on following the British literary tradition?

No, unique American characteristics and the breadth of its production began to develop an American writing tradition

3- Some consider him to be the first American author, when he wrote The (General Historie of Virginia) ( New England ) and ( The Summer Isles ) 1624

Captain John Smith

4-What did Captain John Smith write?

*the General Historie of Virginia

*New England

*The Summer Isles

5-There were similar writers of interest like John Smith who are they?

*George Percy

*Daniel Denton

*Thomas Ash

*John Lawson

*William Strachey

6- Nicholas Noyes, Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet were popular in what?

In American Poetry

7- Doggerel verse was written by?

Nicholas Noyes

8-The Day of Doom, the best-selling poem was written by?

Michael Wiggleworth

9-The religious questions took place as a rich topics for what?

For early writings

10- A journal that discussed the religious foundation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was written by?

John Winthrop

11- The first widely read American author was?

BenjaminFranklin

12- Witty aphorisms and sound advice written inthe yearly journal [Poor Richards' Almanack] were written by?

Benjamin Franklin

13- Witty aphorisms and sound advice helped shape ideas of what?

What it means to be an American

14-The Legend of Sleepy Hollow] was written by whom]?

Washington Irvin

15- The first American to gain an international literary reputation was?

Washington Irvin

16- The [Leather Stocking Tales] was written by?

James Fenimore Copper

17- What did the [Leather Stocking Tales] capture?

The nation’svast beauty

18- What did Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson break from?

They broke frompoetic tradition

19- What did Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson bring to the nation’s literature?

A sense of individuality

20- Still captivates readers with his unique—anduniquely American—humor and insight who is he?

Mark Twain

21- What did Mark Twain captivate readers with?

Hisunique—and uniquely American—humor and insight

22- The modernists of the 1920s and 1930s produced such talents as whom?

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway

23- What did Toni Morrison and Cormac McCarthy continue to make of American literature?

They continue to make it relevant and exciting

24- American literature and American history both had one thing in common what was it?

they were both short

25- Although American literature was short like American history but has many things to be distinguish with such as?

- glories and shining masterpieces and writers

- gradually gains its unique style, theme and form

- is part ofworld's literature, however, it always has its unique flavor that cannot be easily ignored

26- Most critics hold that history of American literature can be divided into parts, how many parts are there?

Six parts

27- What are those parts in the right order?

1-colonial period

2- romanticism

3- realism

4- naturalism

5- modernism

6-post-modernism

28- American literature did not begin until?

The19th century

29- What does the colonial period represent to American literature?

A preparatory introduction to American literature

30- The definition of American literature is?

The written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and its preceding colonies

31- What led to a number of key new literary figures to emerge?

The War of 1812 and an increasing desire to produce uniquely American literature and culture

31- Name the new literary figures that emerged after the war of 1812?

Washington Irving, William Cullen Bryant, James Fenimore Cooper, and Edgar Allan Poe

32- Considered the first writer to develop a unique American style and wrote humorous works and satire who is he?

Washington Irving

33- Some of Washington Irving writings on humour and satire are?

[wrote humorous works in [Salmagundi] and the satire [A History of New York

34- Wrote early romantic and nature-inspired poetry, which evolved away from their European origins who is he?

Bryant

35- In 1832, Poe began writing what?

Short stories

36- In 1832, he began writing short storieswho is he?

Poe

37- Poe began writing short stories in 1832, suchas?

[The Masque of the Red Death], [The Pit and the Pendulum], [The Fall of the House of Usher]
and [The Murders inthe Rue Morgue

38- What did Poe's short stories explore?

Explore hidden levels of human psychology and push the boundaries of fiction toward mystery and fantasy

39-What was Cooper's [Leather stocking Tales] About?

[Natty Bumppo [which includes The Lastof the Mohicans

40- Cooper's [Leatherstocking Tales] were popular at?

Both in the new country and abroad

41-Humorous writers included?

Seba Smith) and (Benjamin P.Shillaber) in New England)

Davy Crockett), (Augustus Baldwin Longstreet), (Johnson J. Hooper), (Thomas Bangs Thorpe)
(and (George Washington Harris

42- Humorous writers wrote about?

The American frontier

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2016- 1- 31, 04:14 AM
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totayah
2016- 1- 31, 10:55 AM
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totayah
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totayah
2016- 2- 1, 09:21 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 1, 01:09 PM
Lecture 2
Colonial American Literature


1- What iscolonial American literature?
*is writing that emerged from the original U.S. colonies during the period from 1607 to the late 1700s


*It was largely influenced by British writers, and was created to inform people about colonial life, religious disputes and settlement issues


*Many of the characteristics of Colonial American literature can be found in the poems, journals, letters, narratives, histories and teaching materials written by settlers, religious figures and historical icons of the period


2- Colonial American literature includes the writings for writers such as?
Mary Rowlandson, William Bradford, Anne Bradstreetand John Winthrop


3- What are the aspects and characteristics of Colonial American Literature?
*Historical
*Narrative
* Religion and Poetry
*The Enlightenment


4- What is the major characteristics of Colonial American literature?
Its historical aspects, which evolved over time during the 400 years since its beginnings


5-One of the major characteristics of Colonial American literature is its historical aspects Great figures from American history have also contributed to this genre such as?
John Smith and William Penn


6- Was used extensively during the Colonial American literature period?
The narrative


7- Most of the literary works of narrative in Colonial American literature are composed of?
Letters, journals, biographies and memoirs


8- An example of narrative in Colonial American literature is ………………narrative account, "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God
Mary Rowlandson's


9- This narrative gives an insider's account of a colonist being captured by Native Americans and describes the heavy hostility between the Native Americans and colonists.Rowland's story is categorized as a/an
An autobiography and a captivity narrative


10- Religion is also another characteristic of Colonial American literature and can be found mostly in?
Puritan writings


11- What did the Puritans write about?
About the religious foundations of many of their settlements


12- The Puritans wrote about the religious foundations of many of their settlements, especially the?
The exodus from Britain


13- The Puritans employed the constant theme that?
God should be worshiped they also used texts that prepared them for worship


14-The Puritans religious literature helped to spread?
The message of God, suggesting that "life was a test" and the soul would face damnation if that test was failed


15- Many of the Puritan works were written in?
Poetry form


16-The "Bay Psalm Book "poetry is a good example of the Puritans’writing in this era it was written by?
Anne Bradstreet's


17- The "Preparatory Mediations "is a good example of the Puritans’ writing in this era. It was written by?
Pastor Edward Taylor's


18- The (Bay Psalm Book), and Pastor Edward Taylor's (Preparatory Mediations) are good examples of?
Religious texts of the era


19- The Puritans religious writings led to?
The Puritanism and great awakening movements


20- ……………… used religion to show the religious tension between the Colonial settlers and Native Americans?
Non-Puritan writers


21- Non-Puritan writers used religion to show?
The religious tension between the Colonial settlers and Native Americans


22- When did the Enlightenment showed a great shift in Colonial American literature?
In the 18th century


23- In the 18th century, the pamphlet or narrative form showed a great shift in?
Colonial American literature from a religious foundation to scientific reasoning applied to human nature,society, culture and political awareness


24- During the Enlightenment Many texts were written in?
Pamphlet or narrative form


25- Many texts were written in pamphlet or narrative form during the Enlightenment and challenged the?
The role of God and religious life


26- Many texts were written in pamphlet or narrative form and challenged the role of God and religious life, seeking to?
Replace them with reason


27- Rational thought and science were the new?
New themes


28- A work that explored many of these new ideas was?
(The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin) and the pamphlet (Common Sense) by Thomas Paine


29- The American Revolution had a large part to play in?
The shifting of ideas


30- It had a large part to play in the shifting of ideas?
The American Revolution

totayah
2016- 2- 1, 01:40 PM
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2016- 2- 2, 06:34 AM
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2016- 2- 2, 07:33 AM
Thanx alot Totayah ..

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2016- 2- 2, 07:47 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 2, 08:38 AM
Thanx alot Totayah ..

My pleasure:106::106:

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2016- 2- 3, 06:15 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 3, 08:31 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 3, 09:56 PM
Lecture 3
Romanticism
Influence of European Romanticism on American writers



1- The European Romantic movement reached America in the early?

19th century



2- American Romanticism was multifaceted and individualistic as it was in?

Europe

3- American Romanticism was?

*Multifaceted and individualistic as it was in Europe

*Like the Europeans, they demonstrateda high level of moral enthusiasm

*Commitment to individualism andthe unfolding of the self

*An emphasis on intuitiveperception

*And the assumption that thenatural world was inherently good, while human society was filled withcorruption



4- Romanticism became popular in American?

Politics, philosophy and art



5- The movement appealed to?

*The revolutionary spirit of America

*Those longing to break free ofthe strict religious traditions of early settlement

*Those in opposition of Calvinism which includes the belief that the destiny of each individual is preordained



6- The Romantics rejected?

Rationalism and religious intellect



7- The Romantic movement gave rise to?

New England Transcendentalism



8- New England Transcendentalism portrayed it what?

A less restrictive relationship between God and Universe



9- The new philosophy presented the individual with what?

A more personal relationship with God



10- Transcendentalism and Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion, for?

*Both privileged feeling over reason

*Individual freedom of expression over the restraints of tradition andcustom



11- The American Romantic movement often involved?

Rapturous response to nature



12- The American Romantic movement encouraged the rejection of?

Harsh, rigid Calvinism and promised a new blossoming of American culture



13- American Romanticism embrace?

The individual



14- American Romanticism rebelled against?

The confinement of neoclassicism and religious tradition



15- The Romantic movement in America created anew?

Literary genre that continues to influence American writers



16- Novels, short stories, and poems replaced?

The sermons and manifestos of yore



17- Romantic literature was personal, intense,and portrayed?

More emotion than ever seen in neoclassical literature



18- It became a great source of motivation for Romantic writers as many were delighted in free expression and emotion without so much fear of ridicule and controversy?

America's preoccupation with freedom



19- They also put more effort into the psychological development of their characters, and the main characters typically displayed?

Extremes of sensitivity and excitement



20- were the works of the Romantic Era the same as the preceding works?

It differed from preceding works



21- In the works of the they spoke to?

A wider audience, partly reflecting the greater distribution of books as costs came down during the period



22- Romantic period saw an increase in?

Female authors and also female readers



23- Poe, Emerson, and Hawthorne are near perfect of?

Representations for Romanticism



24- Poe's poetry has that happy, lyrical, and metrical verse His subjects may be gloomy, but his poems contain sentimentality and supernatural characteristics and are about exploring the?

Human psyche



25- Poe's poem, "The Raven", is about?

*a sleepless narrator who is absolutely haunted by a raven

*also exploring the depths of thisman’s grief



26- What is the reason for the narrator grief?

His mourning for the death of his lost Lenore and is very melancholy



27- The man asks questions about grief, but the raven will only answer with?

Nevermore



28- This event would never occur in real life,which makes the poem?

Romantic



29- Emerson is Romantic. Actually he is?

Transcendental, but this can be seen as an offshoot of Romanticism



30- In "Self Reliance," Emersone spouses the ideas of?

Transcendentalism



31- Emerson tells the reader things like the importance of trusting oneself and that we don't know everything by knowledge;some things are learned through?

Experience



32- The philosophy makes sense but is "out there" enough for it to be hard to incorporate into?

Everyday life



33- Discussing abstract ideas without translation to real life is?

Romantic as well



34- In his poem "Give All to Love,"he also talks of the importance to trusting oneself and giving oneself over to the?

Divine power of love



35- In Hawthorne's short stories, these abstract qualities take on?

A symbolic meaning



36- In "The Birthmark," Alymer was so involved in achieving?

Perfection, that he ended up killing his wife in the process



37- "Nature in romantic literature is moral; it bears symbolic meaning, and humans who challenge it with in adequate respect for the immanent power of the divine generally learn lessons in humility" who said that?

Virtual mentor



38- Who were these Romanticism writers?

*they were a diverse group of individuals varying from different backgrounds and styles

*one thing that they had in common was that they were all individualistic minded writers



39- "Young Goodman Brown"- "The Scarlet Letter"- "The House of Green Gables"-"one of the anti-romantics"

Nathaniel Hawthorne



40- "Narrative of Arthur Gordon Rym","A Tell Tale Heart", "The Raven" were written by?

Edgar Allan Poe



41- Edgar Allan Poe was known for being the?

*inventor of the American short stories

*known for his Gothic writings

*viewed the countryside as a phantasm or an illusionary mental image



42- "Rip Van Winkle", "Sleepy Hollow were written by?

Washington Irving



43- Washington Irving was known for?

*the father of American Literature

*saw the country as an escape fromcity life

*fought for copyright infringementlaws for authors



44-The controversial "Leaves of Grass", "Franklin Evans" were written by?

Walt Whitman



45- Walt Whitman was known for being?

One of the bridge poets between American Romanticism and the 20th century



46- ""Civil Disobedience" was written by?

Henry David Thoreau



47- Henry David Thoreau was?

A practical transcendentalist



48- "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was written by?

Harriet Beecher Stowe



49- Harriet Beecher Stowe-"Uncle Tom's Cabin". the little lady who started the Civil War and kept European nations from aiding the ……in the Civil War?

The south



50- "The Last of the Mohicans" was written by?

James Fenimore Cooper



51- James Fenimore Cooper was known as?

The father of the American novel



52- Emily Dickinson- "is My verse...alive"

Was one of the bridge poets between?

American Romanticism and the 20thcentury

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totayah
2016- 2- 6, 01:30 PM
Lecture 3
Romanticism
Influence of European Romanticism on American writers



1- The European Romantic movement reached America in the early?

19th century



2- American Romanticism was multifaceted and individualistic as it was in?

Europe

3- American Romanticism was?

*Multifaceted and individualistic as it was in Europe

*Like the Europeans, they demonstrateda high level of moral enthusiasm

*Commitment to individualism andthe unfolding of the self

*An emphasis on intuitiveperception

*And the assumption that thenatural world was inherently good, while human society was filled withcorruption



4- Romanticism became popular in American?

Politics, philosophy and art



5- The movement appealed to?

*The revolutionary spirit of America

*Those longing to break free ofthe strict religious traditions of early settlement

*Those in opposition of Calvinism which includes the belief that the destiny of each individual is preordained



6- The Romantics rejected?

Rationalism and religious intellect



7- The Romantic movement gave rise to?

New England Transcendentalism



8- New England Transcendentalism portrayed it what?

A less restrictive relationship between God and Universe



9- The new philosophy presented the individual with what?

A more personal relationship with God



10- Transcendentalism and Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion, for?

*Both privileged feeling over reason

*Individual freedom of expression over the restraints of tradition andcustom



11- The American Romantic movement often involved?

Rapturous response to nature



12- The American Romantic movement encouraged the rejection of?

Harsh, rigid Calvinism and promised a new blossoming of American culture



13- American Romanticism embrace?

The individual



14- American Romanticism rebelled against?

The confinement of neoclassicism and religious tradition



15- The Romantic movement in America created anew?

Literary genre that continues to influence American writers



16- Novels, short stories, and poems replaced?

The sermons and manifestos of yore



17- Romantic literature was personal, intense,and portrayed?

More emotion than ever seen in neoclassical literature



18- It became a great source of motivation for Romantic writers as many were delighted in free expression and emotion without so much fear of ridicule and controversy?

America's preoccupation with freedom



19- They also put more effort into the psychological development of their characters, and the main characters typically displayed?

Extremes of sensitivity and excitement



20- were the works of the Romantic Era the same as the preceding works?

It differed from preceding works



21- In the works of the they spoke to?

A wider audience, partly reflecting the greater distribution of books as costs came down during the period



22- Romantic period saw an increase in?

Female authors and also female readers



23- Poe, Emerson, and Hawthorne are near perfect of?

Representations for Romanticism



24- Poe's poetry has that happy, lyrical, and metrical verse His subjects may be gloomy, but his poems contain sentimentality and supernatural characteristics and are about exploring the?

Human psyche



25- Poe's poem, "The Raven", is about?

*a sleepless narrator who is absolutely haunted by a raven

*also exploring the depths of thisman’s grief



26- What is the reason for the narrator grief?

His mourning for the death of his lost Lenore and is very melancholy



27- The man asks questions about grief, but the raven will only answer with?

Nevermore



28- This event would never occur in real life,which makes the poem?

Romantic



29- Emerson is Romantic. Actually he is?

Transcendental, but this can be seen as an offshoot of Romanticism



30- In "Self Reliance," Emersone spouses the ideas of?

Transcendentalism



31- Emerson tells the reader things like the importance of trusting oneself and that we don't know everything by knowledge;some things are learned through?

Experience



32- The philosophy makes sense but is "out there" enough for it to be hard to incorporate into?

Everyday life



33- Discussing abstract ideas without translation to real life is?

Romantic as well



34- In his poem "Give All to Love,"he also talks of the importance to trusting oneself and giving oneself over to the?

Divine power of love



35- In Hawthorne's short stories, these abstract qualities take on?

A symbolic meaning



36- In "The Birthmark," Alymer was so involved in achieving?

Perfection, that he ended up killing his wife in the process



37- "Nature in romantic literature is moral; it bears symbolic meaning, and humans who challenge it with in adequate respect for the immanent power of the divine generally learn lessons in humility" who said that?

Virtual mentor



38- Who were these Romanticism writers?

*they were a diverse group of individuals varying from different backgrounds and styles

*one thing that they had in common was that they were all individualistic minded writers



39- "Young Goodman Brown"- "The Scarlet Letter"- "The House of Green Gables"-"one of the anti-romantics"

Nathaniel Hawthorne



40- "Narrative of Arthur Gordon Rym","A Tell Tale Heart", "The Raven" were written by?

Edgar Allan Poe



41- Edgar Allan Poe was known for being the?

*inventor of the American short stories

*known for his Gothic writings

*viewed the countryside as a phantasm or an illusionary mental image



42- "Rip Van Winkle", "Sleepy Hollow were written by?

Washington Irving



43- Washington Irving was known for?

*the father of American Literature

*saw the country as an escape fromcity life

*fought for copyright infringementlaws for authors



44-The controversial "Leaves of Grass", "Franklin Evans" were written by?

Walt Whitman



45- Walt Whitman was known for being?

One of the bridge poets between American Romanticism and the 20th century



46- ""Civil Disobedience" was written by?

Henry David Thoreau



47- Henry David Thoreau was?

A practical transcendentalist



48- "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was written by?

Harriet Beecher Stowe



49- Harriet Beecher Stowe-"Uncle Tom's Cabin". the little lady who started the Civil War and kept European nations from aiding the ……in the Civil War?

The south



50- "The Last of the Mohicans" was written by?

James Fenimore Cooper



51- James Fenimore Cooper was known as?

The father of the American novel



52- Emily Dickinson- "is My verse...alive"

Was one of the bridge poets between?

American Romanticism and the 20thcentury



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totayah
2016- 2- 8, 03:09 PM
Lecture 4
American realism




1-American realism was an early …… century idea in art, music and literature?
An early 20th century


2- American realism showed through these different types of work ……of the time period?
Reflections


3- Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York City, these images and works of literature,music and painting depicted a?
Contemporary view of what was happening; an attempt at defining what was real


4- Realism in American Literature was during the period?
1860-1890


5- In American literature, the term"realism" encompasses the period of time from?
From the Civil War to the turn of the century


6- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote?
Fiction during the American Realism period


7- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote fiction devoted to?
Accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts


8- What provided a fertile environment for literary readers interested in understanding these rapid shifts in American culture was?
the United States grew rapidly after the Civil War*
the increasing rates of democracy and literacy*
the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization*
an expanding population base due to immigration*
a relative rise in middle-class affluence*


9- In drawing attention to this connection, Amy Kaplan has called realism a?
strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change" (Social Construction of American (Realism ix



10- Who called realism as a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change"?
Amy Kaplan


11- (Social Construction of American Realism ix), written by Amy Kaplan,considered realism a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of……….change"?
Social change


12-Realism was a movement that encompassed the entire country, or at least the?
Midwest and South


13- Many of the writers and critics associated with realism (notably W.D. Howells) were based in?
New England


14- Among the Midwestern writers considered realists would be?
Joseph Kirkland, E. W. Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W. DeForest


15- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty " was written by the Southern writer?
John W. DeForest


16- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty" is often considered a?
A realist novel


17- American Realism began as?
A reaction to and a rejection of Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the individual


18- The American Realism began as early as the?
1830's


19- The American Realism reached prominence and held sway from the end of?
The Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century


20- The American Realism movement was centered in?
Fiction, particularly the novel


21- The American Realism attempted?
Fidelity to real life, or "actuality," inits representation


22-The realist concerns himself with the?
Here and now


23-The realist concerns himself with the here and now, centering his work in?
His own time, dealing with common-place everyday events and people, and with the socio-political climate of his day


24-Common Themes and Elements in Realism are?
Pragmatism*
literature of the common-place*
attempts to represent real life*
ordinary people--poor and middle class*
ordinary speech in dialect--use of vernacular*
recent or contemporary life*
subject matter presented in an unidealized,unsentimentalized way*
democratic function of literature*
social criticism--effect on audience is key*
presents indigenous American life*
importance of place--regionalism, "local color"*
sociology and psychology*

Alessamh
2016- 2- 8, 05:37 PM
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2016- 2- 8, 11:49 PM
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2016- 2- 9, 08:41 AM
Lecture 4
American realism




1-American realism was an early …… century idea in art, music and literature?
An early 20th century


2- American realism showed through these different types of work ……of the time period?
Reflections


3- Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York City, these images and works of literature,music and painting depicted a?
Contemporary view of what was happening; an attempt at defining what was real


4- Realism in American Literature was during the period?
1860-1890


5- In American literature, the term"realism" encompasses the period of time from?
From the Civil War to the turn of the century


6- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote?
Fiction during the American Realism period


7- William Dean Howells, Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, Mark Twain,and others wrote fiction devoted to?
Accurate representation and an exploration of American lives in various contexts


8- What provided a fertile environment for literary readers interested in understanding these rapid shifts in American culture was?
the United States grew rapidly after the Civil War*
the increasing rates of democracy and literacy*
the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization*
an expanding population base due to immigration*
a relative rise in middle-class affluence*


9- In drawing attention to this connection, Amy Kaplan has called realism a?
strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change" (Social Construction of American (Realism ix



10- Who called realism as a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change"?
Amy Kaplan


11- (Social Construction of American Realism ix), written by Amy Kaplan,considered realism a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of……….change"?
Social change


12-Realism was a movement that encompassed the entire country, or at least the?
Midwest and South


13- Many of the writers and critics associated with realism (notably W.D. Howells) were based in?
New England


14- Among the Midwestern writers considered realists would be?
Joseph Kirkland, E. W. Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W. DeForest


15- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty " was written by the Southern writer?
John W. DeForest


16- "Miss Ravenal's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty" is often considered a?
A realist novel


17- American Realism began as?
A reaction to and a rejection of Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the individual


18- The American Realism began as early as the?
1830's


19- The American Realism reached prominence and held sway from the end of?
The Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century


20- The American Realism movement was centered in?
Fiction, particularly the novel


21- The American Realism attempted?
Fidelity to real life, or "actuality," inits representation


22-The realist concerns himself with the?
Here and now


23-The realist concerns himself with the here and now, centering his work in?
His own time, dealing with common-place everyday events and people, and with the socio-political climate of his day


24-Common Themes and Elements in Realism are?
Pragmatism*
literature of the common-place*
attempts to represent real life*
ordinary people--poor and middle class*
ordinary speech in dialect--use of vernacular*
recent or contemporary life*
subject matter presented in an unidealized,unsentimentalized way*
democratic function of literature*
social criticism--effect on audience is key*
presents indigenous American life*
importance of place--regionalism, "local color"*
sociology and psychology*


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totayah
2016- 2- 9, 08:42 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 9, 08:45 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 11, 03:10 PM
Lecture 5
Naturalism
American Naturalism in Literature
(part (1



1- American literary naturalism is a literary movement that?
Became popular in late-nineteenth-century in America

2- American literary naturalism is often associated with?
Literary realism

3- The term naturalism was initially coined by?
Emile Zola, the renowned French author

4- Emile Zola, the renowned French author is credited as?
A key figure in the development of French literary naturalism

5- In the late nineteenth century, the literary movement became popular all over?
Europe,from England to Russia

6- American writers were particularly influenced by?
The British and French models

7- American writers were particularly influenced by the British and French models and began to adapt the?
The form to reflect American social, economic, and cultural conditions

8- Viewed as a combination of realism and romanticism, critics contend that the American form is heavily influenced by the concept of?
Determinism

9- Determinism is?
The theory that heredity and environment influence determine human behavior

10- Although naturalism is often associated with realism, which also seeks to accurately represent human existence, the two movements are differentiated by?
The fact that naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism

11- Naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism. This fact reflects?
The difference between naturalism and realism

12- In their short fiction, ………….. writers strive to depict life accurately through an exploration of the causal factors that have shaped a character's life as well as a deterministic approach to the character's thoughts and actions?
Naturalist

13- A naturalist depicts a character's actions as determined by?
Environmental forces

14- American literary naturalism came to the forefront of popular literature during a time of?
Tremendous cultural and economic upheaval in the United States

15- In the late nineteenth century a number of factors resulted in extreme changes on the American landscape, these factors are?
Industrialization,urbanization, mechanization, and an influx of immigrants from all over the world

16- The short fiction of American literary naturalism depicts the experiences of impoverished and uneducated people living in?
Squalor and struggling to survive in a harsh, indifferent world

17-Major thematic concerns of the form include?
*the fight for survival—man against nature and man against society
*violence
*the consequences of sex and sex as a commodity
*the waste of individual potential because of the conditioning forces of life
*and man's struggle with his animalistic base instincts

18- One of the major thematic concerns also is the waste of individual potential because of?
The conditioning forces of life

19- As a result, the short stories of this literary movement are often regarded as?
Depressing,slice-of-life documentations of sad, unfulfilled lives

20- A handful of significant American authors, such as Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris,utilized the form, which noticeably declined in popularity by the?
Early 20th century

21- The term naturalism describes a type of Literature that attempts to?
apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings

22- Unlike realism,which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a?
Philosophical position
23- For naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola's phrase, "human beasts," characters can be studied through their?
Relationships to their surroundings

24- Other influences on American naturalists include?
Herbert Spencer and Joseph LeConte
25- Naturalistic writers believed that the laws behind the forces that govern human lives might be?
Studied and understood

26- Naturalistic writers thus used a version of the ……….method to write their novels?
Scientific

27- Naturalists studied human beings governed by their instincts and passions ……….the ways in which the characters' lives were governed by forces of heredity and environment?
as well as

28- Naturalists used the techniques of accumulating detail pioneered by?
The realists

29- Naturalists had a………..object in mind when they chose the segment of reality that they wished to convey?
Specific

30- In George Becker's famous and much-annotated and contested phrase, naturalism's philosophical framework can be simply described as?
"pessimistic materialistic determinism"

totayah
2016- 2- 11, 03:29 PM
Lecture 5
Naturalism
American Naturalism in Literature
(part (2



31- The naturalistic novel usually contains?
Two tensions or contradictions


32- The naturalistic novel usually contains two tensions or contradictions, and the two in conjunction comprise both an interpretation of?
Experience and a particular aesthetic recreation of experience


33- The naturalistic novel usually contains two tensions or contradictions, and the two in conjunction comprise both an interpretation of experience and a particular aesthetic recreation of experience in other words, the two constitute the?
Theme and form of the naturalistic novel


34- The first tensions that between the subject matter of the naturalistic novel and?
The concept of man which emerges from this subject matter


35- The naturalist populates his novel primarily from?
The lower middle class or the lower class


36- Naturalist fictional world is that of the?
Common place and unheroic in which life would seem to be chiefly the dull round of daily existence


37- But the naturalist discovers in this world those qualities of man usually associated with?
The heroic or adventurous


38- A naturalistic novel is thus……….of realism?
An extension


39- A naturalistic novel is thus an extension of realism only in the sense that both modes often deal with?
The local and contemporary


40- The naturalist,however, discovers in this material the……….And…….in human nature?
Extraordinary and excessive


41- The second tension involves?
Theme of the naturalistic novel


42- The naturalist often describes his characters as though they are conditioned and controlled by?
Environment,heredity, instinct, or chance


43- But he also suggests a compensating …………….. in his characters or their fates which affirms the significance of the individual and of his life?
Humanistic value


44- The tension here is that between the naturalist's desire to represent in fiction the?
*new,discomfiting truths which he has found in the ideas
*life of his late nineteenth-century world
*his desire to find some meaning in experience which reasserts the validity of the human enterprise


45- Characters in naturalistic literature are?
*frequently but not invariably ill-educated or lower-class characters
*whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity,instinct, and passion
*Those whose their attempts at exercising free will or choice are hamstrung by forces beyond their control


46- Setting in naturalism is frequently…….. setting, as in
Norris's McTeague?
An urban


47- Walcutt says that the naturalistic novel offers "clinical, panoramic, slice-of-life"drama that is often a "chronicle of despair". This description is in regard of talking about?
Techniques and plots


48- Walcutt identifies survival, determinism, violence, and taboo as?
Key themes in naturalism


49- Themes in naturalism?
*The"brute within" each individual, composed of strong and often warring emotions
*The forces of heredity and environment as they affect--and afflict--individual lives
*Nature as an indifferent force acting on the lives of human beings
*An indifferent, deterministic universe

50- The conflict in naturalistic novels is often?
"man against nature" or "man against himself"


51- The conflict in naturalistic novels is often "man against nature" or"man against himself" as characters struggle to retain a?
"veneer of civilization"


52- One of the themes of naturalism is that nature is considered as…….force acting on the lives of human beings?
An indifferent force


53-The romantic vision of Wordsworth—that" nature…..?
"nature never did betray the heart that loved her"


54- "This tower was a giant, standing with its back to the plight of the ants…" this represent the view of?
Stephen Crane's view in "The Open Boat"


55- An indifferent,deterministic universe. Naturalistic texts often describe the futile attempts of human beings to exercise free will, often ironically presented, in this universe that reveals free will as?
An illusion


56- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote “The House of Mirth” (1905)?
Edith Wharton


57- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote “Barren Ground” (1925)?
Ellen Glasgow


58- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Big Money" (1936)?
John Dos Passos


59- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "Studs Lonigan" (1934)?
James T.Farrell


60- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939)?
John Steinbeck


61- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "Native Son" (1940), "Black Boy" (1945)?
Richard Wright


62- One of the practitioner of naturalism is……….who wrote "The Naked and the Dead"(1948)?
Norman Mailer


63- Other writers sometimes identified as naturalists?
*Sherwood Anderson, "Winesburg,Ohio" (1919)
*Abraham Cahan, "The Making of an American Citizen"
*Kate Chopin; “The Awakening”
*Rebecca Harding Davis
*William Faulkner
*Henry Blake Fuller, "The Cliff-Dwellers"
*Hamlin Garland, "Rose of Dutcher's Coolly"
*Robert Herrick, "The Memoirs of an American Citizen" (1905)
*Ernest Hemingway
*E. W.Howe, "The Story of a Country Town"

ÓÇáã55
2016- 2- 11, 09:18 PM
thank you very much,indeed
you have been a great help,,,
I wish you all the best,,,

Loony
2016- 2- 12, 11:34 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 17, 09:26 AM
thank you very much,indeed
you have been a great help,,,
I wish you all the best,,,:(204):anytime
:love080:i'm just glad that i could ease it on everyone
:icon19:and thanks for your kind words wish you the very best in life

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totayah
2016- 2- 17, 10:20 AM
Lecture 6
Modernism



1- American Modernism known as?
"The Lost Generation"

2- Characteristics of Modernism are:
*One of the characteristics of Modernism is that it is marked by a strong and intentional break with…..?
Tradition

*This break includes a strong ….………. established religious, political, and social views?
Reaction against

*Belief that the world is created in the act of perceiving it; that is, the world is………?
What we say it is

*There is no such thing as……..All things are relative?
Absolute truth

*One of the characteristics of Modernism is that there's ………….with history or institutions?
No connection

*Their experience is that of?
Alienation, loss, and despair

- Other characteristicsof Modernism:
*Championship of the individual and celebration of inner strength
*Life is unordered
*Concerned with the sub-conscious

3- American writers of the ……….Brought Modernism to the United States?
1920s

4- For writers like Hemingway and Fitzgerald, World War I…….. the illusion that acting virtuously brought about good?
Destroyed

5- Like their British contemporaries,American Modernists rejected?
Traditional institutions and forms

6- Modernists include:

*Ernest Hemingway – "The Sun Also Rises " chronicles the …………of the Lost Generation?
Meaningless lives

*Ernest Hemingway – "Farewell to Arms narrates" the tale of an ambulance driver searching for ………….in WWI.
Meaning

*shows through its protagonist, Jay Gatsby the …………ofF. Scott Fitzgerald – "The Great Gatsby"the American Dream?
Corruption

other prominent writers of the period: -
John Dos Passos,Hart Crane, and Sherwood Anderson

7- Modernism was a cultural wave that originated in?
Europe

8- Modernism swept the United States during the?
Early 20th century

9- Modernism impacted music, art and literature by……..traditional forms?
Radically undoing

10- In the American literature, the elements of modernism are?
thematic, formal and stylistic

11- During the First World War, the world witnessed the chaos and destruction of which modern man
was?
Capable

12- The Modernist American literature produced during the time reflects such themes of destruction and chaos. But chaos and destruction are embraced, as they signal a…………….. of Western civilization's classical traditions?
Collapse

13-Literary modernists celebrated the collapse of?
Conventional forms

14-Modernist novels destroy conventions by reversing traditional norms,such as ………………roles, notable in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," for example?
Gender and racial

15- Modernist novels also destroy conventional forms of ……………by deliberately breaking rules of syntax and structure?
Language

16- William Faulkner's novel "The Sound and the Fury"boldly rejects the rules of language where he …………..words and adopts a first-person narrative method?
Invents new words

17- Related to the theme of destruction is the theme of…………..?
Fragmentation

18- Fragmentation in modernist literature is thematic, as well as formal. Plot, characters, theme, images, and narrative form itself are…………..?
Broken

19- T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land,"depicts a modern waste land of …………….cities?
Crumbled

20- The poem "The Waste Land," is fragmented,consisting of broken stanzas and sentences that resemble the cultural…………….through, which the speaker (modern man) wades?
Debris and detritus

21- William Faulkner's novels, such as "The Sound and the Fury" are also fragmented in form, consisting of ………………narratives?
Disjointed and nonlinear

22- Modernist literature embraces fragmentation as a literary form, since it reinforces the fragmentation of reality and contradicts …………..notions of totality and wholeness?
Hegelian

23- Modernist literature represents the paradox of modernity through themes of?
Cycle and rejuvenation

24- Eliot's speaker in "The Waste Land"famously declares "these fragments I have shored against my ruins"(line 430). The speaker must reconstruct meaning by?
Reassembling the pieces of history

25- Importantly, there is rebirth and rejuvenation in ruin and modernist literature celebrates the endless cycle of destruction, as it ever…………..to new forms and creations?
Gives rise

26- Themes of loss, isolation and exile from society are particularly apparent in …………….'s novels, the protagonists of which adopt rather nihilistic outlooks of the world because they have become so disenfranchised from the human community?
Ernest Hemingway's

27-Another element of modernist literature is the prevalent use of……….. pronouns?
Personal

28-……………….becomes a matter of perspective. There is no longer an anonymous, omniscient third-person narrator, as there is no universal truth, according to the modernists?
Authority

29-Many modernist novels reflect the multiplicities of truth and the diversities of reality that modernism celebrates by?
Multiple narrators

30- Modernist novels did not treat lightly topics about social woes, war and poverty. John Steinbeck's "Grapes of Wrath" frankly depicts families plagued by economic hardship and strife…………. idyllic depictions of American life represented elsewhere in literature?
Contradicting

31-Modernist novels also reflect a frank awareness of societal ills and of man's capacity for?
Cruelty

32-Ernest Hemingway's anti-heroic war tales depicted the …………..of the battlefields, as he dealt frankly with the horrors of war?
Bloodiness

33-Faulkner, particularly in his most famous novel, "The Sound and the Fury," also shows how incomprehensibly cruel man can be, especially with regard to……………………differences?
Racial and class

totayah
2016- 2- 23, 03:21 PM
Lecture 7


Harlem Renaissance

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2016- 2- 23, 10:07 PM
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2016- 2- 24, 07:39 AM
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totayah
2016- 2- 24, 11:53 AM
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ÓÇáã55
2016- 2- 24, 08:42 PM
totayah really deserves to be distinguished and we all appreciate her wonderful efforts

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2016- 3- 7, 06:48 PM
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2016- 3- 7, 10:18 PM
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totayah
2016- 3- 8, 02:16 PM
totayah really deserves to be distinguished and we all appreciate her wonderful efforts

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totayah
2016- 3- 8, 02:37 PM
Lecture Eight
Samples ofAmerican Poetry
Because I CouldNot Stop for Death
(A Poem by Emily Dickinson (1830-1886


Hope is the Thing with Feathers


(A Poem by Emily Dickinson (1830-1886

totayah
2016- 3- 17, 03:22 PM
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Lecture 1

General and Brief Introduction to American Literature


1- Why was the literary tradition of America begins with the tradition of English literature?

Because America was a series of British colonies on the east coast of the present-day United States

2- Did the American literature kept on following the British literary tradition?

No, unique American characteristics and the breadth of its production began to develop an American writing tradition

3- Some consider him to be the first American author, when he wrote The (General Historie of Virginia) ( New England ) and ( The Summer Isles ) 1624

Captain John Smith

4-What did Captain John Smith write?

*the General Historie of Virginia

*New England

*The Summer Isles

5-There were similar writers of interest like John Smith who are they?

*George Percy

*Daniel Denton

*Thomas Ash

*John Lawson

*William Strachey

6- Nicholas Noyes, Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet were popular in what?

In American Poetry

7- Doggerel verse was written by?

Nicholas Noyes

8-The Day of Doom, the best-selling poem was written by?

Michael Wiggleworth

9-The religious questions took place as a rich topics for what?

For early writings

10- A journal that discussed the religious foundation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was written by?

John Winthrop

11- The first widely read American author was?

BenjaminFranklin

12- Witty aphorisms and sound advice written inthe yearly journal [Poor Richards' Almanack] were written by?

Benjamin Franklin

13- Witty aphorisms and sound advice helped shape ideas of what?

What it means to be an American

14-The Legend of Sleepy Hollow] was written by whom]?

Washington Irvin

15- The first American to gain an international literary reputation was?

Washington Irvin

16- The [Leather Stocking Tales] was written by?

James Fenimore Copper

17- What did the [Leather Stocking Tales] capture?

The nation’svast beauty

18- What did Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson break from?

They broke frompoetic tradition

19- What did Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson bring to the nation’s literature?

A sense of individuality

20- Still captivates readers with his unique—anduniquely American—humor and insight who is he?

Mark Twain

21- What did Mark Twain captivate readers with?

Hisunique—and uniquely American—humor and insight

22- The modernists of the 1920s and 1930s produced such talents as whom?

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway

23- What did Toni Morrison and Cormac McCarthy continue to make of American literature?

They continue to make it relevant and exciting

24- American literature and American history both had one thing in common what was it?

they were both short

25- Although American literature was short like American history but has many things to be distinguish with such as?

- glories and shining masterpieces and writers

- gradually gains its unique style, theme and form

- is part ofworld's literature, however, it always has its unique flavor that cannot be easily ignored

26- Most critics hold that history of American literature can be divided into parts, how many parts are there?

Six parts

27- What are those parts in the right order?

1-colonial period

2- romanticism

3- realism

4- naturalism

5- modernism

6-post-modernism

28- American literature did not begin until?

The19th century

29- What does the colonial period represent to American literature?

A preparatory introduction to American literature

30- The definition of American literature is?

The written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and its preceding colonies

31- What led to a number of key new literary figures to emerge?

The War of 1812 and an increasing desire to produce uniquely American literature and culture

31- Name the new literary figures that emerged after the war of 1812?

Washington Irving, William Cullen Bryant, James Fenimore Cooper, and Edgar Allan Poe

32- Considered the first writer to develop a unique American style and wrote humorous works and satire who is he?

Washington Irving

33- Some of Washington Irving writings on humour and satire are?

[wrote humorous works in [Salmagundi] and the satire [A History of New York

34- Wrote early romantic and nature-inspired poetry, which evolved away from their European origins who is he?

Bryant

35- In 1832, Poe began writing what?

Short stories

36- In 1832, he began writing short storieswho is he?

Poe

37- Poe began writing short stories in 1832, suchas?

[The Masque of the Red Death], [The Pit and the Pendulum], [The Fall of the House of Usher]
and [The Murders inthe Rue Morgue

38- What did Poe's short stories explore?

Explore hidden levels of human psychology and push the boundaries of fiction toward mystery and fantasy

39-What was Cooper's [Leather stocking Tales] About?

[Natty Bumppo [which includes The Lastof the Mohicans

40- Cooper's [Leatherstocking Tales] were popular at?

Both in the new country and abroad

41-Humorous writers included?

Seba Smith) and (Benjamin P.Shillaber) in New England)

Davy Crockett), (Augustus Baldwin Longstreet), (Johnson J. Hooper), (Thomas Bangs Thorpe)
(and (George Washington Harris

42- Humorous writers wrote about?

The American frontier





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2016- 3- 21, 09:27 PM
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2016- 3- 22, 08:11 PM
Thank you

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2016- 3- 23, 06:19 AM
Thank you

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2016- 3- 27, 06:46 AM
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