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رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
اقتباس:
الله يعافيك اختي زهرة ولكن بودي تقري المحتوى بعدها راجعي الاسئلة لان قدامك اختبار وما ودي تاخذي معلومة وتتركي معلومة .. |
رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
lecture 2 ::
q Animals & Human language: § animals, birds, seals, ….etc) imitate what humans say. § other creatures communicate with other members of their own species. § some kinds of communication between humans and other creatures .
The Properties of human language ::
ü . Reflexivity or reflexiveness:It is the distinguishing feature of human language which means . ü . Reflexivity or reflexiveness::Using the language to think and talk about the language itself. ( هنا 3 عبارات للتعريف لكن كلها بنفس المعنى )) Displacement: Using language to refer to the past and future not present in the immediate environment. § Animals can communicate only for the exact moment . Arbitrariness: The relationship between linguistic signs and objects or meaning . § The connection between linguistic form and its meaning is arbitrary. § less arbitrary connection:: some words in language with sounds that seem to “ echo” the sounds of objects or activities . § For animals signs ::there is connection between the conveyed message and the signal used to represent or indicate that message.Non- arbitrariness” § for humans _________arbitary § for animals --------------non arbitrariness . Productivity/ creativity / open-ended:- Creating continually new expressions by manipulating linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations. § the novel utterances of any human language is INFINATE. § For animals it is impossible to produce new signals to communicate novel experiences or events. § honeybeeswhere they are able to communicate the location of a nectar source.with no words and can’t invent one § - Fixed Reference :: The limiting feature of animal communication where each signal § in their system is fixed in relating to a particular object or occasion. These signals § are fixed in terms of their reference and cannot be manipulated. § 5. Cultural Transmission:- The process where a language is passed on from generation to the next. § - Human language can be acquired and not inherited . § - Humans can inherit physical features from their parents but not their language. § - Humans acquire their first language as children in a culture. § Regarding animals :: the creatures are born with a set of specific signals that are produced instinctively. § 6. Duality/Double articulation:- the language is organized in two levels or layers simultaneously. § 1 - Physical level: The level at which we can produce individual sounds like ( n, r, g, b and I ….etc. These discrete or separated forms have no intrinsic meaning. § 2 - Combination level :- In a particular combination such as bin, we have another level producing a meaning that is different from the meaning of the combination in nib. § duality is one of the most economical features of human language…..because:: At one level, we have distinct sounds, and at another level, we have distinct meaning. § |
رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
ياجماعه المحاضرات الاولى مختصره جدا ومركزه يعني ماراح تلقون فرق كبير بين المحتوى وبين تلخيصي ..
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رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
Duality/Double articulation:
Physical level: n k l Combination level |
رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
المحاضره الثالثه لم استطيع اختصار اي شيئ فيها لانها ملخصه بشكل جيد في المحتوى ..
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رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
نفس الوضع ينطبق على باقي المحاضرات ..
لن يستطيع اي احد الاختصار اكثر فمالنا الا مذاكرة المحتوى وربنا يعين .. |
رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
Reflexivity”:: The difference is that humans are able to reflect on language and its uses .
ü. Reflexivity or reflexiveness:It is the distinguishing feature of human language which means . ü. Reflexivity or reflexiveness::Using the language to think and talk about the language itself. هنا لفت نظري انه يوجد 3 تعاريف وش احفظ منهم ..؟؟ |
رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
:(269):
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رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
فيه ملخص كويس؟ انا توني ابدأ اذاكر لو سمحتو
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رد: مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::
شكرا بريئه على الترجمة يعطيكي العافيه
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