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المحاضرة التاسعه

Edmond Spenser (1552-1599)

There is not a great deal known about Spenser’s life. Spenser was born in London,

England, most likely in 1552, and as a child attended a forward thinking grammar

school. He was educated there for eight years, beginning in 1561. His education

was a classical one, meaning his studies centered on Latin And Greek language,

philosophy, and literature. In 1569, Spenser attended college at Cambridge

University. After receive a bachelor of arts degree in 1573, Spenser studied for his

master of arts degree, which he received in 1576. Cambridge at this time was

largely populated by radical Puritans, although the impact of such teachings on

Spenser has been debated. After receiving his master of arts degree, Spenser held a number of offices, working

in 1578 as the secretary to the former master of Pembroke Hall, Edward Young, and

in 1579 working in the household of the Earl of Leicester, uncle to Spenser’s friend

and fellow poet Sir Philip Sidney. In 1580 Spenser traveled to Ireland to work as

secretary to Governor Arthur Lord Grey de Wilton. During this time, England was

attempting to conquer Ireland, through violence as well as by encouraging the

English to settle there. Spenser was an enthusiastic participant in this effort. He

served in various capacities in Ireland during the 1580s and 1590s. He was granted

a large estate, Kilcolman, in 1590.From his home in Ireland, Spenser began to write in earnest, having already

published a series of pastoral poems, The Shepheardes Calendar, in 1579. He

published the first part of his famous epic poem, The Faerie Queene, in 1590,

and the second part in 1596. Spenser married Elizabeth Boyle in 1594, and in her

honor wrote the love poems and wedding song known collectively as Amoretti and

Epithalamion, published in 1595. That is why he is considered as the only sonneteer

who wrote a sonnet sequence to his wife
. After being appointed to the position of

High Sheriff of Cork in 1598,
he was forced to return to London after rebels burned

down his home at Kilcolman. Spenser died in London of unknown causes on January

13, 1599, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Sonnet 75

One day I wrote her name upon the strand,

But came the waves and washe` d it away:

Agayne I wrote it with a second hand,

But came the tyde, and made my paynes his pray.

الكلمات
paynes
= الم =

Pain




In Spenser’s ‘‘Sonnet 75,’’ the poet expresses in a straightforward manner his

conviction regarding the immortal nature of his affection for his lover. With the first

two lines the speaker establishes the framework for the poem. He relates how he

Wrote the name of his lover in the sand on the beach, only to have it washed away

by the waves. In the next two lines (lines 3 and 4), he reveals that he attempted to

write her name again, only to have the ocean tide once more erase his efforts.

Through these lines, the speaker’s diligence is revealed. Despite the fact that the

waves wash away his lover’s name, he repeats what is clearly a futile effort

‘‘Vayne man,’’ sayd she, ‘‘that doest in vaineassay, 5

A mortall thing so to immortalize,

For I my selve shall lyke to this decay,
And eek my name bee wype` d out lykewise.’’

‘‘Not so,’’ quod I, ‘‘let baser thingsdevize,

To dy in dust, but you shall live by fame 10

My verse your vertues rare shall eternize,

And in the heavens wryte your glorious name.

Where whenas death shall all the world subdew,

Our love shall live, and later life renew.’’

Lines 5–8

The next four lines of the poem (lines 5–8) reveal that the poem is not simply the

speaker’s expression of his feelings, but a recollection of a dialogue with his lover.

He explains in these lines what his lover stated when she witnessed his actions. The

lover’s response to the speaker’s endeavors to inscribe her name in so impermanent

a medium as wet sand is gently chastising in tone. Apparently a practical woman,

she tells the speaker that he exerts himself to no end. The lover goes on to compare

her name written in the sand, and its being washed away by the tide, to her own

existence, and its inevitable end one day by death. Her tone and her words

reprimand the speaker for attempting such a prideful display. She accuses him both

of being vain for making such an effort and acting in vain, for his desire to affix their

love to a specific time and place is ultimately, and obviously, a fruitless one.

Lines 9–12

In lines 9–12, the speaker responds to his lover’s protests. Here his idealism and the

fullness of his love is revealed. He tells her that only lower, less worthy creatures

will die and be reduced to dust. She, rather, will certainly live on through the fame

he will create for her with his poetic verses. His poetry, he assures her, will record

forever her singular virtues, thereby immortalizing her name.

Lines 13–14

In the last two lines of the poem, the speaker makes plain that not only will his lover

live on forever through his poetry, but also that when death conquers the world,

their love will remain and be renewed in the next life. The last lines suggest the

speaker’s belief in some form of life after death, although whether he describes

the speaker’s intention to

immortalize his lover through his poetry validates his lover’s accusation that he is

vain. His boasts about his ability to create such lasting fame for her reveals his grand

opinion of his skill as a poet. Despite this vanity, however, the final lines of the

poem make clear the depth of his love and his belief that the feelings they share will

live in after death.

Themes




love and Immortality Like most Elizabethan sonnets, Spenser’s ‘‘Sonnet

75’’ is concerned with an amorous relationship. Often such sonnets itemize a lover’s

virtues or reveal the extent of a lover’s passion. In this poem, rather than focusing

on the qualities of his lover that inspire his admiration, the speaker explores the
enduring nature of his love for the woman in question. He dismisses his lover’s

matter-of-fact expressions of the notion that her name, and their love, is transitory.

She quite clearly states that their relationship is a mortal one. She is adamant

that she will, in fact, die, and the memory of her presence on earth be extinguished,

erased like her name in the sand. However, the speaker is quick to deflate her

argument. Only low, base creatures are destined to die, the speaker replies

The language of the sonnet is archaic.
The speaker in Spenser’s ‘‘Sonnet 75’’ displays supreme confidence in the power of

his own written words. He claims that through his poetic verses he will eternalize

his lover’s goodness, her best qualities. Through his words, her name and her glory

will be written for all time. The speaker has faith that after death their love will live on

وبسسس ‘‘ طبعآ الكلام الي ملون مهم جداآ حاولوا تركزون عليه

دعواتكم لي وللجيمع

[Amo0ora^_^]

ربيّ يوووفقكّ ويسسسهل عليكّ

متآإبعهّ معك

آسسستمريّ

^_^