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المحاضرة الثالثه :

The Sonnet

A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme. Other strict, short poetic forms occur in English poetry (the sestina, the villanelle, and the haiku, for example), but none has been used so successfully by so many different poets.

Poem = القصيده

Iambic = غير مشدد ومابعدها مشدد مثال : I have

Rhyme = القافيه

Poetry = الشعر

طريقة تركيبة القافية في الإيطالين والبرطانين - سير توماس

The Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet, named after Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), the Italian poet, was introduced into English poetry in the early 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542). Its fourteen lines break into an octave (or octet), which usually rhymes abbaabba, but which may sometimes be abbacddcor even (rarely) abababab; and a sestet, which may rhyme xyzxyz or xyxyxy, or any of the multiple variations possible using only two or three rhyme-sounds.

Octave = 8 ابيات sestet = 6 ابيات

The Sonnet

طريقة تركيبة القافية في الانجليزي – شكسبير

بطريقة ثلاث رباعيات

The English or Shakespearean sonnet, developed first by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547), consists of three quatrains and a couplet--that is, it rhymes abab cdcd efef gg.

The Sonnet

Why the Sonnet have 14 line no more no less ?

The form into which a poet puts his or her words is always something of which the reader ought to take conscious note. And when poets have chosen to work within such a strict form, that form and its strictures make up part of what they want to say. In other words, the poet is using the structure of the poem as part of the language act: we will find the "meaning" not only in the words, but partly in their pattern as well.

Conscious = واعي

Form

= نموذج

The Sonnet

Ø The sonnet can be thematically divided into two sections:

Ø The first presents the theme, raises an issue or doubt.

Ø The second part answers the question, resolves the problem, or drives home the poem's point.

Ø This change in the poem is called the turn and helps move forward the emotional action of the poem quickly.

Issue= قضية

Doubt = شك

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“Farewell Love and all thy laws for ever”

The poet will leave love and follow a different way. He has had enough from love. The poet discovers that love is like prison. Now he has changed; he has a hard heart, he will no more be controlled by love. So, he says farewell love and all your rules and restrictions forever. Falling in love is likened to baited hooks which attract the fish to come, and then fall in the trap. The poet says that the same thing happens to lovers, inexperienced ones. When they are attracted by the sweetness and beauty of love, knowing nothing about its painful suffering and bitter endings.

The poet will not be impressed by baited hooks of love anymore. Seneca and Plato are calling him to knowledge and philosophy. He found that he was almost blind when he paid attention to love and was rejected; the thing which painfully hurt him. He knew that love is completely useless.

But now he found the solution which is liberty. So, he again says farewell love, go and trouble people who are young and inexperienced. You have no more authority and control on me. Go to idle people and spend your easily broken arrows on them, although I have wasted and lost my time, I will no longer follow the way of love.

The poet has made up his mind to give up looking for love. Love is a prison and knowledge is liberty. He has found that knowledge is more beneficial than love. He blames himself for the blind mistake he has made when he went to his beloved and sang to her. He should have gone to Plato and Seneca instead. In his opinion, love is a silly thing. Then he asks love to go to those inexperienced lovers. He has got love the waste of time. He does not want to go over rotten branches of trees because if he climbs them he will
fall down again.

. Review

The Italian, or Petrarchan sonne

Fourteen lines

Iambic pentameter

Consists of an octet (eight lines) of two envelope quatrains

Usually abba abba,

Sometimes abba cddc,

Or rarely abab abab;

The turn occurs at the end of the octet and is developed and closed in the sestet.

And a sestet (six lines)

Which may rhyme xyzxyz

Or xyxyxy

“Sonnet 138” or “When My Love Swears that She is Made of Truth”

The couplet tells us, with its punning on ‘lie’, that Shakespeare is now registered as one among her flatterers and lovers. They pretend to each other in what a critic sees as a relationship not of ‘bitterness but acceptance’. Here we Shakespeare feeling his years and deliberately accepting his beloved’s flatteries of his youth, while she accepts his of trust in her promises. ‘Vainly’ simply, habit’ give the game away.

The plain, colloquial diction is offset by the questions and answers which take us into the situation, and the punning and play with the important words: think, simple, lie, bring it sadly home. With sonnet (134), this sonnet (138) was the first of Shakespeare’s sonnets to be published, in 1599, as part of an anthology entitled The Passionate Pilgrim

Ø First quatrain; note the puns and the intellectual games: [I know she lies, so I believe her so that she will believe me to be young and untutored]

Ø Second quatrain: [Well of course I know that she doesn't really think I'm young, but I have to pretend to believe her so that she will pretend that I'm young]

Ø Third quatrain: [so why don't we both fess up? because love depends upon trust and upon youth]

Ø Final couplet, and resolution:

[we lie to ourselves and to each other, so that we may flatter ourselves that we are young, honest, and in love]. Note especially the puns]

. Review

The English or Shakespearean sonnet:

Fourteen lines

Iambic pentameter

Consists of three Sicilian quatrains (four lines)

And a heroic couplet (two lines)

Rhymes: abab cdcdefefgg

The turn comes at or near line 13

The Sonnet

A sonnet can be helpful when writing about emotions that are difficult to articulate. It is a short poem, so there is only so much room to work in. As well, the turn forces the poet to express what may not be normally expressible. The writing of the poem in this fixed form gives a better understanding of the emotions drive

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صورة لسونت

[نغم الانجلش]

مشكوره حلم دمعه ياعسل الله يوفقك

[Amo0ora^_^]

Thanks alot for the the nice explain

^_^

[مـلـح!]

[BLUE berry]

Thank you