رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

The first novels were published as serial stories in newspapers.

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

- Daniel Defoe Born in 1660 in London

- His mother and father were Presbyterian dissenters

- Defoe developed a taste for travel that lasted throughout his life

- his characters Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe both change their lives by voyaging far from their
native England.

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

Defoe published his first novel, Robinson Crusoe, in 1719, when he was around 60 years old.

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

- Robinson Crusoe was based on the true story of a shipwrecked seaman named Alexander Selkirk and was passed off as history

- In the second journey Crusoe becomes the slave of a Moor

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

he manages to escape and is rescued and befriended by the Captain of a Portuguese ship

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

he calls the Island of Despair

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

He keeps a calendar by making marks in a wooden cross which he has built.

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

Years later, he discovers native cannibals who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners.

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
 

when a prisoner manages to escape, Crusoe helps him, naming his new companion “Friday”