[ المناقشات ] : ░░░Discussions ~Level 7░░░

[نهرالعطا]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

هنأ حلول المناقشات مؤقتا حتى يتم تعديل روابط المواضيع المثبته

:: من اجتهاد اسيرة المشاعره الله يذكرها بالخير ويسعدها اينما كانت::

طرق البحث
1

Research leads to an expansion of knowledge and discoveries of new medical treatments and cures

Research is crucial to assessing your community and program needs , developing engaging results-based curriculum, preparing the most effective outreach messages, demonstrating student success, and more

2

It is a short summary of your completed research.If done well, it makes the reader want to learn more about your research

3

Context In the opening section of the report, you should get the reader’s attention and provide needed context. One to two paragraphs of context is usually sufficient, even for longer reports.

Main Message The main message answers the reader’s main question. It states the writer’s thesis or provides an overview of key

4

By a citron and reference

It is piece of work that is referenced to the Authorship by (quotient or paraphrase

5

Because it is stealing others efforts

6

yes by referenced to the Authorship by (quote or paraphrase

, Keep your Eyes and Ears open , Take note of what you read , Use a fresh Perspective , Use your Imagination Write about your own experiences

7

Questions on sensitive issues

Even in surveys of beekeepers, some issues can be sensitive. Matters such as financial returns, incidence of disease, location of beehives, and methods for treating diseases and parasites may be sensitive topics for some beekeepers. Taxation,personal and commercial confidentiality issues may be important in financial questions. Beekeepers may feel sensitive about exposure to criticism for poor management if they report disease. If unorthodox treatments for disease have been used, then exposure to the risk of prosecution may make respondents reluctant to respond. Concern about safety of beehives, or any of these other issues may mean that some beekeepers will not answer those questions at all,will provide incomplete information, or will supply wrong information. There is no doubt that seeking too much sensitive information will seriously reduce response rates and also lead in many cases to incomplete survey returns, thus defeating the object of asking the questions

8

These notes originate from my efforts to help an old friend undertaking a taught Master's course, at a university which seemed to devise its regulations around the key principle that under no circumstances should, or could, a supervisor be helpful.

So my reaction to his first almost complete draft was to say that it needed to be complete lyre-organised; it was great content, but did not follow the conventions of a dissertation. Quite reasonably he asked how he was supposed to know that? This is a game he would only play once, whereas supervisors and assessors and external examiners are familiar with it.

He suggested,

"I should have found(useful) a model outline for the MA, like

Intro could include..........and should not......

Literary review could..... and should not..............

Further Chapters could.... and should not...........

Conclusion could ...and should not...... "

So this is my attempt to provide just that. I had just assumed that it already existed in practically every text on Research Methods, but on the basis of the sample I have consulted. it doesn't.

I've already modified it in response to some very useful suggestions from people on lists Ibelong to, and plan to continue to do so—so please write to me (address in the footer) and together we can improve it further Thanks

Note that these are general remarks, and that they are trumped by any specific rubrics from the awarding institution. As discussed here, they apply most clearly to dissertations within broadly social studies and to a lesser extent humanities,where, however, there may be more scope for variation

University and/or faculty (in the sense of organizational unit, rather than academic staff) libraries will contain dissertations from previous years; even if the rules are quite explicit, it makes sense to go and have a look at half-a-dozen or so, to see what has been deemed acceptable in practice. (I was amazed, when doing this prior to submitting my M.Ed dissertation many years ago, to find a completely hand-written piece—beautifully done—but then it was about the teaching of hand-writing.)

9

In dependent variable – variable that is manipulated by the researcher (or the variable that is thought to affect the outcome/dependent variable

Dependent variable – variable that is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable

10

Between Group Design: Describes statistical comparison of two or more different groups of subjects that are subject to different experiences or treatments. Between group designs are used when one doesn't have the time, interest, or means to arrive at true explanations for behavior. Thus one learns that Pepsi is preferred over Coke,that folks who drink coffee/eat garlic/drink wine/suck prunes may livelong/have less cancer/grow more hair, or maybe not, and all without having to explain why. Between group designs are favored over within group designs because you can prove anything you want (after all, its statistics, isn't it?),and be used to produce conclusions that can fit into neat sound bites on your nightly news. Within Group Design: A type of experimental design where one looks at changes in behavior across treatments. For example, a ratmay press a bar for food in one series, and on the next series get shocked, and return to 'food' and 'shock' treatments. The experimenter would thus note how the rat would persevere over treatments. Within group designs can also be applied to groups of subjects. For example, in one series, Germans may invade France, and in the next series American would invade Germany, with both'invade' and 'counter-invade' scenarios repeating. Only time and Nat however prevented this clever experiment from repeating ad infinitude (see between group design)

11

Cross-sectional method * Same group of people are observed at one point in time - The risk here is : you don't get the reality , you don't get the real finding because the 2 groups are different

12

It is a means of scientific research in the design of the experimental method in order to study the effect of certain factors and variables and repeatedly over a relatively long period of time, may extend to several years, and even decades. The study is longitudinal study of note type

13

There are many methods for selecting your participants, and the type of sampling will depend on how you will use the information. Focus group results cannot usually be used to describe how an entire population would respond to the same questions, so the type of sampling used in studies designed to describe whole populations is not really necessary (for a discussion of these methods, just refer to a simple text on sampling for epidemiological studies, e.g., Smith and Morrow, 1991).

The common (and simplest) method for selecting participants for focus groups is called"purposive" or "convenience" sampling. This means that you select those members of the community who you think will provide you with the best information. It need not be a random selection; indeed, a random sample may be foolish. For example, if you are investigating why leprosy patients do not always present for medication, it would seem more "convenient" and more useful to select those patients, relatives and staff involved in the leprosy programmer. A random sample of the whole community may not provide you with a single person with leprosy!

14

population = it can be plant animal human communities . in your study you always target certain people.

The Population Level enables students to follow traits as an entire population evolves over many generations and in varied environmental conditions "

" Student scan define environmental factors such as water, land, mountains, malaria, etc.Then they can define rules using these factors and the species traits to affect the creatures

النقد الأدبي

1

Because European and Western literature and cultures were

produced as a recreation, a revival of the classical cultures of

Greece and Rome.

2

Because European and Western cultures have always valued poetry, literature and

art, Plato‟s decision has always been difficult to explain.

3

Aristotle defines plot as “the arrangement of the incidents.” He is not talking about

the story itself but the way the incidents are presented to the audience, the

structure of the play

Plot is the order and the arrangement of these incidents in a cause-effect sequence

of events.

According to Aristotle, tragedies where the outcome depends on a tightly

constructed cause-and-effect chain of actions are superior to those that depend

primarily on the character and personality of the hero/protagonist.

4

Greek culture was a “living culture” that sprang from

people’s everyday life.

All the Greeks – old and young, aristocrats and commoners,

literate and illiterate – participated in producing and in

consuming this culture

In Ancient Rome, Greek culture became books that had no

connection to everyday life and to average people.

Greek books were written in a language (Greek) that most

of the Romans didn’t speak and belonged to an era in the

past that Romans had no knowledge of.

Only a small, educated minority had the ability to interact

with these books.

It was a dead culture, past, remote, and with no connections

to the daily existence of the majority of the population.

In Rome, Greek culture was not a living culture anymore

It was a “museum” culture. Some aristocrats used it to

show off, but it did not inspire the present.

5

Horace’s hatred of the popular culture of his day was widespread among Latin authors

Poetry for Horace and his contemporaries meant written monuments that would land the lucky poet’s name on a library shelf next to the great Greek names.It would grant the poet fame, a nationalistic sense of glory and a presence in the pedagogical curriculum

Horace’s poetic practice was not rooted in everyday life, as Greek poetry was.He read and reread the Iliad in search of, as he put it, what was bad, what was good, what was useful, and what was not

In the scorn he felt towards the popular culture of his day, the symptom s -were already clear of the rift between “official” and “popular” culture that would divide future European societies

6

The new conceptions of language led in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century to the undermining of Latin as the privileged language of learning. The central tactic in the attack on the monopoly of Latin was the production of grammar books for the vernacular. These demonstrated that vernaculars could be reduced to the same kind of rules as Latin.

7

It literature “makes strange” ordinary perception and ordinary language and

invites the reader to explore new forms of perceptions and sensations,

and new ways of relating to language

8

Gennette calls all irregularities in the time of narration: Anachrobies

Anachronies happen whenever a narrative stops the chronological order in

order to bring events or information from the past (of the time zero) or

from the future (of the time zero).

Analepsis: The narrator recounts after the fact an event that took

place earlier than the moment in which the narrative is stopped.

Example (fictitious): I woke up in a good mood this morning. In my

mind were memories of my childhood, when I was running in the

fields with my friends after school

Prolepsis: The narrator anticipates events that will occur after the

point in time in which the story has stops.

Example (fictitious): How will my travel to Europe affect me? My

relationship with my family and friends will never be the same

again. This is what will make me later difficult to live with

9

An actin say greimas is extrapolation syntactic structure of a narrative an act ant is identified with what assumes syntactic structure function

10

Roland Barthes questioned the traditional idea that the meaning

of the literary text and the production of the literary text should

be traced solely to a single author

Structuralism and Post structuralism proved that meaning is not

fixed by or located in the author’s ‘intention.’

Barthes rejected the idea that literature and criticism should rely

on “a single self-determining author, in control of his meanings,

who fulfills his intentions and only his intentions” (Terry Eagleton)

11

According to Foucault, Barthes had urged critics to realize that

they could "do without [the author] and study the work itself

This urging, Foucault implies, is not realistic

Foucault suggests that critics like Barthes and Derrida never really

get rid of the author, but instead merely reassigns the author's

powers and privileges to "writing" or to "language itself."

12

Post-structuralism displaces the writer/author and make the

reader the primary subject of inquiry (instead of author / writer)

They call such displacement: the "destabilizing" or "decentering"

of the author

Disregarding essentially reading of the content that look for

superficial readings or story lines

Other sources are examined for meaning (e.g. readers, cultural

norms, other literature, etc

Such alternative sources promise no consistency, but might

provide valuable clues and shed light on unusual corners of the

text

13

For Derrida, language is unreliable There is no pre-discursive reality. Every reality is shaped and accessed by a discourse. “there is nothing outside of the text” (Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology) Texts always refer to other texts (cf. Fredric Jameson’s The Prison House of Language) Language constructs/shapes the world Note: Derrida has a very broad notion of ‘text’ that includes all types of sign systems

14

This is one of the most important ideas of karl Marx

The idea that history is made of two main forces:

The Base: The material conditions of life, economic relations,

labor, capital, etc

The Superstructure: This is what today is called ideology or

consciousness and includes, ideas, religion, politics, history,

education, etc

Marx said that it is people’s material condition that

determines their consciousness

In other words, it is people’s economic conditions that

determine the ideas and ideologies that they hold

Note: Ibn Khaldoun says the same thing in the Muqaddimah

المسرحيه الحديثه

1

Linde had been forced by circumstances to marry a man of wealth whom she did not love ,she had found it necessary to marry him for her mother that had been bed-ridden and she had two younger brothers also to look after .however, her husband died soon afterwards ,and his business too had gone to pieces after his death.

Nora's past life had not been very conformable hobby either,8 years ago her husband had fallen critically ill and she had been forced to borrow money without telling him.

so. they both Lande and Nora didn't had a good life in their marriage with all of these struggle

2

she had been guilty of forgery which is a criminal act.

3

In her opening yes because she want to help his Husband but the law fakes no account of motives

and that a crime remains a crime no matter what the motive behind it.

4

The most important theme, of course, is the liberation of the individual from the shackles and restraints of custom-and convention. More emphatically, the theme is the assertion of her rights by a wife. Nora who has remained passive and self-effacing for eight years ultimately asserts herself and becomes an individual in her own right.

5

Ibsen called his play a modern tragedy,and a modern tragedy it surely is. It is a tragedy because it has a sad ending,with Nora leaving not only her home and her husband but even her children, in order to face an uncertain future. It is a tragedy because it depicts the break-up of a family and the disintegration of the domestic life of a couple.It is modern because it departs from the old style of writing tragedies.

6

Helmer say that not only had Krogstad committed an offence but that he had escaped the punishment for that offence by means of a cunning trick. It was the use of this trickery which showed Krogstad to be a morally depraved person. Helmer then goes on to express his views about the evil effect which such a man would be exercising upon his family. If a man has a crime on his conscience, he would always be telling lies and putting on false appearances

.Such a man would spread disease and infection all over his household. Such a man would be an evil influence on his children because the house of such a man would be full of evil germs. Helmer says that he finds it impossible to work with a man like Krogstad and that he would feel literally sick in that man's presence

Krogstad has made a nuisance of himself to him at the bank in another way. He and Krogstad had been intimate friends at school, and Krogstad now embarrasses him by speaking to him always in a familiar manner

he has a tendency to speak to him like an equal, addressing him by his Christian name and trying to show that he is intimate with him

7

The date on which her father was supposed to have signed the bond as surety for her was the 2nd October, but her father had died four days earlier, on the 29th September. How could a dead man have signed the document? asks Krogstnd He then says that the obvious explanation for this disparity is that she herself had signed for her father.

8

He now tells Nora that, after having suffered the loss of his reputation by his criminal act of forgery, he had now decided to lead an upright life in order to re-establish his good reputation but that her husband was now bent upon dismissing him and thus ruining his plan to reform himself

9

When Torvald eventually indicates that he will not shoulder the blame for Nora, Nora’s faith in him is shattered. Once the illusion of Torvald’s nobility is crushed, Nora’s other illusions about her married life are crushed as well, and her disappointment with Torvald triggers her awakening

10

He tells her that the crisis with which he was faced is over and that they have now nothing to worry about. He tells her that he forgives her for whatever she had done and that he will again love her, protect her, and guide her through life just as he had been doing before and now she is his property in a double sense because he has given her a new life by having forgiven her. He goes on to say that she has now become both his wife and his child. In other words, he will love her as his wife and he will protect her as if she were his child
Helmer s reaction to this second letter from Krogstad shows that Helmer has relapsed into his former self-complacency and has once again assumed the role of the"possessor" of his wife. Krogstad's second letter has made Helmer forget all those offensive remarks which he had made to Nora only a little while ago as a consequence of the first letter

11

In A Doll’s House, Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classes in his society. In general, the play’s female characters exemplify Nora’ assertion (spoken to Torvald in Act Three) that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, “hundreds of thousands of women have

12

In A Doll’s House, Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classes in his society. In general, the play’s female characters exemplify Nora’s assertion (spoken to Torvald in Act Three) that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, “hundreds of thousands of women have

In order to support her mother and two brothers, Mrs. Linde found it necessary to abandon Krogstad, her true—but penniless—love, and marry a richer man

Though Nora is economically advantaged in comparison to the play’s other female characters, she nevertheless leads a difficult life because society dictates that Torvald be the marriage’s dominant partner. Torvald issues decrees and condescends to Nora, and Nora must hide her loan from him because she knows Torvald could never accept the idea that his wife (or any other woman) had helped save his life

Furthermore, she must work in secret to pay off her loan because it is illegal for a woman to obtain a loan without her husband’s permission. By motivating Nora’s deception, the attitudes of Torvald—and society—leave Nora vulnerable to Krogstad’s blackmail

Nora’s abandonment of her children can also be interpreted as an act of self- sacrifice. Despite Nora’s great love for her children—manifested by her interaction with them and her great fear of corrupting them—she chooses to leave them. Nora truly believes that the nanny will be a better mother and that leaving her children is in their best interest

13
To slam the door means to encourage the conscious women that women should partake of active revolt against male dictatorship. The actual significance of the slamming of the door lies in the presentation of the fact that even such an" ignorant and submissive wife Nora go to the violent level of launching an active revolt against male domination and dictatorship. Its metaphoric significance emerges from the fact that the slamming of the door stands for the optimistic emergence of a new revolution that is called feminism


14
?If you were Nora, would you take the same decision of leaving her children
هنا كل واحد يجاوب يا بنعم او لا





الترجمه الابداعية
من اجتهاد 7rf 9amet

- the medial can select what counts as news.

1




Creativity is about thinking and producing what one conceived about a text. It is often in relation with appropriacy, novelty and
imagination. The freedom of imagination and creativity are what distinguish a writer from a translator. The writer has the liberty to
alter reality, be creative with text ideas (story lines, climactic scenarios), while the translator is completely restricted to the text's
ideological ideas and social norms. The translator, here, is regarded as merely a tool of communication even if the final text of his


.work is creatively translated into the target language reader




2


i think that it will be much cunfused that it is meaning a fly is stying with it so not leaving as a drunk and that is not the writter
intending to mean


3


As ifthe Nubian blacks were crows around them vultures and owls q In addition to the grammatical mistak made in pluralizing
the black into ‘blacks' , Wormhoudt's historical and cultural knowledge of the ‘owl' is quite poor. His ‘ay‘il the singular word
translation distorts the meaning and does not convey the same conveyed message in the Arabic version, because the main
here is Kafur Allkhsheedi the black ruler of Egypt who was compared to a crow surrounded 'cba‘ object of AlMutanabi's satire
by vultures and owls. Furthermore, when the ‘owl' is used in Arabic, it is generally used to refer to bad omen and bad luck,
.whereas in English culture it is not necessary used to refer to bad omen, but rather as a symbol of wisdom and sometimes love


4


Literary Translation is regarded as a highly, classical spoken form of language, either narrating a story or reciting an exalting
poem. Anyhow, it is considered super-genre for its prestigious use of language. Anything from novel, short stories, poems,
.literature, medieval-era books are referred to as literary text


5


it poetry,prose,drama or any other narrative style but it has its own miraculous and idiosyncratic style which would make one
feel that they are simu ltaneously in front of a multi-types of texts. the following excerpthas been chosen as example for


the adulterer and the adulteress shall each be given a hundred- "الزانيه والزاني فاجلدوا كل واحد منهما مائة جلده ولا تأخذكم بهما رأفه" : discrussion
lashes -the fornicatress and fornicator scourge each one of them a hundred stripes -the woman and the man guilty of
fornication - flog each of them with a hundred stripes


6


the more diffcult to translate the holy Quran or headeeth of the prophet muhammad because it mot worf by word which it be by
meaning as what you heard on lecture .


7


1- Deliberative - to persuade an audience disapprove a matter of public policy .
2- Forensic - to a chive as an a trial condemnation
. or approval for approval for a persons actions .
3- Epideictic - display rhetoric used on ceremonial occasions


8


There are several different ways of translating poetry but it would be fair to say that most poetry translators aim to create
translation that works as poetry in the target language as we can see the following example: When he smells the scent of the
.rose, he wants to see it, When he sees the face of the rose, he wants to pluck it


9


Short stories are conventionally as independent" core literary genres with thair own typical literary features .


10


For page becouse there is no imoshins only word you translate the drama from it .


11


As a reminder, when translating a short story, as a translator, you have to make first a crude handwritten draft that you never ?
refer to again. This is a necessary stage, the stage of ‘writing the reading' in some palpable form. ? The next stage, which is as
translation proper, involves writing and rewriting, crafting sentences, using dictionaries, thesauruses and encyclopaedias. By the
time you have finished a translation, you may have several drafts including the initial handwritten scrawl. Significantly, though, you
never have more than one draft or two exceptionally, when writing other types of text. ? In addition to linguistic and cultural
translation of the story content and form, the translator needs to work on the translation of Style normally adopted in storytelling,
whether it is archaic, dialectical or idiosyncratic to the writer, for example- to encode their attitude towards the text content, to mark
.out different voices


12


As a reminder, when translating a short story, as a translator, you have to make first a crude handwritten draft that you never ?
refer to again. This is a necessary stage, the stage of ‘writing the reading' in some palpable form. ? The next stage, which is as
translation proper, involves writing and rewriting, crafting sentences, using dictionaries, thesauruses and encyclopaedias. By the
time you have finished a translation, you may have several drafts including the initial handwritten scrawl. Significantly, though, you
never have more than one draft or two exceptionally, when writing other types of text. ? In addition to linguistic and cultural
translation of the story content and form, the translator needs to work on the translation of Style normally adopted in storytelling,
whether it is archaic, dialectical or idiosyncratic to the writer, for example- to encode their attitude towards the text content, to mark
.out different voices


13


When translating a short story we have to make crude handwritten draft that we never refer to again. Next stage involve writing
and rewriting crafting sentences using dictionaries thesaurus and encyclopedias. Translating involve consciously and deliberately
.working through several draft stage


14


There are many advantages of creative translation course: 1- we learned the differences between texts 2- I learned how to choose
the best word to give the meaning. 3- I learned that by practicing I can do better . 4- I learned that I might effect the meaning if I
didn't understand the text types specially ( scared texts) The disadvantages: 1- we have many courses to take care of. 2- Doc. He
tried his best and I appreciate but I can't judge myself without answering the questions. Practicals are good but I don't know the
.good and right answer


علم اللغة الاجتماعي
من اجتهاد الدكتور ياسر



1-

.A lot of what we say is for a specific purpose
Whether we are apologizing , Expressing a wish or asking
permission we use language in order to fulfill that purpose.
Each purpose can be known as a language function.



2 -


One obvious feature of how language operates in social interactions is it's relationship with power, but influential and instrumental.
Neither rule nor law, neither discipline nor hierarchy sanctions power.
It inclines us or makes us want to behave in certain ways or opinions or attitudes, without obvious force .
It operates in such social phenomena as advertising culture and the media .



3 -


Representation system lacks the external forms, and merely provides mental structure which relate to or denote, external situations.
There would be no practical advantage in having a representation, system which not in same way related to the world outside the mind possessing it .



4 -


Metaphors, repetitions, rhetorical questions and other linguistic devices which present politicians use in their speeches to achieve 2 their political goals were well-known in times of Socrates & Aristotle, and the skill of using it public speeches, i.e, oratory, was considered as art ( Oratory was considered even as " the queen of arts "- since so strong was its influence ondecision-making of stats affairs, so effective was its influence on feelings & thoughts of people .


5 -


Despite decades of feminist consciousness- sexist language still exists in English culture.
Gender- specific titles & pronouns can subtly influence sexism as well as our thought & expectations about gender roles & appropriate occupations & goals for the sexes .


6 -



A background belief relating to an utterance, that must be mutually known or assumed by the speaker & addressee for the utterance to be considered appropriate in context, that generally will remain such a necessary assumption whether the utterance is placed in the form of an assertion, denial, or question, and that can generally be associated lexical item or grammatical feature in the utterance .


7-



The analysis is followed by a general discussion & the conclusion which finds that presupposition in political discourse is used mainly for persuasion, among other uses, as the context allows the presupposition to go through whole sentence unblocked .


8-



It is important to study language as a tool used by politicians to persuade the public with their assertion of power.
In fact language is ideological as speakers can speak in a way that support their interests.
What are the mechanisms of power inherent in language ?
Language is a powerful instrument employed by political leaders.
They use linguistic strategies including manipulation as an influential instrument of political rhetoric to persuade audiences for a specific political action .



9-


Metaphor : Is a way of comparing two different concepts simile:
asserts that something is similar something else .





10-


Rhetorical devices are the nuts and bolts of speech & writing, the parts that make a communication work .
Separately, each part of is meaningless,but once put together they create a powerful effect on the listener L reader .
11

- the media can who gets the television , radio or newspaper.

- medial plays important role in the ways through which infromaiton is told or presented

- the medial has become an integral part of most peoples lives

12-

accent: refers to features of speakers pronunciation that can signal their regional or social backgruond.

dialect: refers to avriety of a language that can signal the speaker's regional or social background-

13-

- this provides the opportunity for democratic debate in the media.

- this can depoliticize some important issues by presenting them for public

3-This opens up access to an important public domain for people whose voices and opinions are not usually heard on television.

This provides a powerful space for the voices of ordinary people to be privileged over the voices of institutional representatives whose opinions and views usually predominate in the media.-

14-

sexist language presents stereotypes of women and men sometimes to the disadvantage of men, but more often to the dis advangage of women

-English language system is inherently sexist

- some ways of using language are sexistsexist language presents stereotypes of women and men sometimes to the disadvantage of men, but more often to the dis advangage of women

-English language system is inherently sexistsexist language presents stereotypes of women and men sometimes to the disadvantage of men, but more often to the dis advangage of women

-English language system is inherently sexist

- some ways of using language are sexist

- some ways of using language are sexist

مناقشات النظام الاجتماعي في الاسلام
من اجتهاد طلاب علم الاجتماع

المناقشة# 1

- (خلائق مستقرون على أرضهم مستقرون , تجمعهم رابطة الإسلام , وتُدار أمورهم في ضوء تشريعات و أحكام إسلامية , و يرعى شؤونهم ولاة أمر و حكام منهم . ) استنبط من التعريف مقومات المجتمع ؟

- يختلف تعريف المتجتمع الاسلامي بما في ذلك من خصائص وسمات لان المجتمع الاسلامي مجتمع مترابط في ضل تحكيم الشريعة الاسلامية وطاعة ولي الامر فيما شرع الله سبحانه وتعالى .

المناقشة# 2

- من لوازم الجدل و متطلبات الحوار ستة امور ,, فما هي ؟

- متطلبات الحوار هي كتالي :

1- الايمان العميق بما يدعواليه وينظار فيه2- العلم بقضية الحوار ومعرفتها التامة 3- التزام الهدوء والسكينة والبعد عن الأنفعال 4- الحرص على الوصول الى الحق ونصرته 5- استقامة السلوك والتخلق بالخلق الحسن 6- احسان الظن بالطرف الاخر وأحترمة بالتوافق .

المناقشة # 3

- ما أهمية الاسرة ؟

- تتمثل أهمية الأسرة في ما يلي : 1- تحقيق النمو الجسدي والعاطفي 2- تؤدي الى السكن النفسي والطمأنينة 3- هي طريق الوحيد لأنجاب الشرعي 4- تعد الاسرة المؤسسة التدريبية من حيث تحمل المسؤلية 5- تعد الأسرة المرجعية لبناء المجتمع والنواة الأولى

المناقشة # 4

- اذكر امثلة على الانكحة الفاسدة ؟

- من الانكحة الفاسدة كما يلي :1- نكاح المتعة2- نكاح التحليل 3- نكاح الشغار .

المناقشة # 5

- ما علاقة الطلاق بالاسرة ؟

- الطلاق يفرق الأسرة ويهدم مستقبلها ويشتت الشمل والأولاد ويخلف أثار نفسية طويلة المدى ان الطلاق في خراب و دمار للبيت الاسري والخاسر الاول هم الاولاد .

المناقشة # 6

- حرّم الاسلام التشاؤم : فما حكم التشاؤم بالمرأة ؟

- حرام لأن المرأة هي الأم والأخت والزوجة ولا يرتبط اي مخلوق في الكون الى بها .

المناقشة # 7

- ما منحه الاسلام للمرأة ؟

- حقوق المرأة في الاسلام منحه إلهية ربانية , وليست من وضع البشر أو تفضلا من الرجل او نتيجة صراعات وأحداث فرضتها وقائع الحياة , وأن الإسلام ارتقى بحقوق المرأة وشدد على ضرورة حصول المرأة على كافة حقوقها , داعيا الى عدم الظن بالمرأة وقال ( هناك أمور شرعية يجب عدم تجاوزهاومن ذلك اتهام المرأة بالفجور والفسوق في أمور لا تعتبر من المحرمات في الاسلام). وأضاف ( أن مساواة المراة مع الرجل في كل شي يفقدها أنوثتها فهناك أمور لاتقوى عليها المرأة ولايقدر على تحملها الا الرجل) مشيرا الى ان الاسلام اهتم بالمراة ودورها في خدمة وبناء المجتمع وخلال الجلسة الاولى للمؤتمر ودعا أستاذ الدراسات الاسلامية بكلية التربية بجامعة الملك سعود الدكتور خالد منصور الدريس , عبر بحثه ( حقوق المرأة المسلمة بين متانه التأصيل وهشاشه التفعيل ) , الى تركيز على انتهاك حقوق المرأة .

المناقشة # 8

- زواجه صلى الله عليه و سلم من امهات المؤمنين كان مضرب المثل وكان لمقاصد سامية بيّن ذلك ؟؟؟

- اولا ليوصل رسالها الى جميع الامة بأن من السنة التعداد في السنة لانه صلى الله عليه وسلم يباهي بكثرة امته يوم القيامة وثاني زواجة من الزوجات الثيبات لكي يوصل لامتة انه لا حرج ولا مانع من تزوج الثيب وكذلك للقضاء على العنوسة هذا والله اجل واعلم .

المناقشة # 9

- ماذا يجب على من يعدد الزوجات ؟

- يجب على من يعدد في الزوجات 1- العدل 2- المساوآة 3- النفقة 4- الأحترام 5- عدم الميل لأحدهن دون الآخرى .

المناقشة # 10

- الذكر أحوج من الانثى للإنفاق , بيّن ذلك ؟

- بالفعل الرجل هو الاحوج والاولى من المرأه على الانفاق لانه عماد الاسره ورب الاسره والمراعي لمصالحهم والقاضي لشؤونهم وحوائجهم

المناقشة # 11

- ارجع لقول من قال بتساوي دية المرأة ؟؟؟ من هم ؟ و ما وجه استدلالهم ؟

- الاسلام دين حق وبينه وبين في كلا من القران والسنة وان جمهور الصحابة وعلماء الامة والفقه مجمعون على ان دية المراه اذا قتلة بخطا هي نصف دية الرجل .

المناقشة # 12

- تحديد النسل دعوة سياسية هدفها إضعاف المسلمين،بيّن ذلك ؟

- إن الدعوة إلى تحديد النسل في العالم الإسلامي يقوم على الترويج لها ودعمها المادي مؤسسات صهيونية وصليبية في محاولة لتقليل الأعداد، والحد من نسبة المواليد، لإبعاد المسلمين عن أهم مصدر للقوة؛ وهو القوة البشرية حتى تتحقق أهداف أعدائهم، فإن أخشى ما يخشونه أن ينتبه المسلمون ويعودوا إلى دينهم، فتؤول إليهم قيادة العالم . فهي دعوة سياسية هدفها إضعاف المسلمين، ولا أدل على ذلك من التسهيلات الكثيرة لتحديد النسل في العالم الإسلامي، إذ توزع وسائل منع الحمل في الصيدليات وغيرها مجاناً، بينما هي في الدول الأخرى تكلف طالبيها مبلغاً من المال ليس هيناً . موقف علماء الشريعة منها: لقد عرضت هذه القضية على عدد من الهيئات والمجامع الفقهية في العالم الإسلامي، فصدر في حقها ـ بالإجماع من علماء الأمة ـ عدة قرارات، تبين حرمة الدعوة إلى تحديد النسل، والتحذير من مغبتها لما تنطوي عليه من أهداف سيئة، ومن ذلك: المجلس التأسيسي لرابطة العالم الإسلامي، ومجمع البحوث الإسلامية، وهيئة كبار العلماء، ومجلس المجمع الفقهي الإسلامي. وذلك لما في هذا التحديد من اعتداء على الدين، وعلى الحرية الشخصية، وعلى حقوق الإنسان، ففي الوقت الذي يروجون لهذه المكيدة نجد العدو الصهيوني يستورد من أقطار الدنيا شذاذ الآفاق لتعمير بلاد العرب المغتصبة .

المناقشة # 13

- هل الإسلام يمنع عمل المرأة, فصّل الكلام ؟

- يقدم الاسلام مجتمعه على اساس تحقق الانسجام والتوازن بين افراده من حيث الحقوق والواجبات فكل فرد في المجتمع الاسلامي مسؤول ومسؤولية متعلقة بعمل يجب ان يؤديه كما امر به الاسلام من غير ارهاق بل في حدود الطاقة لقد بين الاسلام في نصوصه الكثيرة ان مجال عمل المرأه هو تربية الاسرة الصالحة وهي رسالة مهمة لان صلاح المجتمع انما يكون بصلاح اولى لبنائه وهي الاسرة وقد يقلل البعض عن ماهوى في نفوسهم من هذا الدور الخطير الذي هبا الله تعالى المراه لها مما يوجب توضيح الامور في هذا الباب .

المناقشة # 14

- هل النفقة على الزوجة هي واجبة بالاحتباس لا بالفقر؟

- النفقة على الزوجة : واجبة بالاحتباس لا بالفقر . قال تعالى : ( وَعلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ) .

[منصور العبدالله]

الله يعطيك العافيه

كنت ناوي اسويها لكن مالقيت لـ علم اللغه النفسي اي مناقشات
لا في المنتدى ولا في غيره

[نهرالعطا]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة منصور العبدالله

الله يعطيك العافيه

كنت ناوي اسويها لكن مالقيت لـ علم اللغه النفسي اي مناقشات
لا في المنتدى ولا في غيره

المنهج جديد والمناقشات جديده

الي يقدر يسحب لنا كل اسبوع المناقشات وحلها الجديده اكون له شاكره

[ام حاتم427]

يعطيك العافيه نهر العطاء

[Against Gravity]

جزاك الله خير يانهر العطا
باذن الله أول ماأبدا بحل مناقشات علم اللغة النفسي بكتبها جميعها

ربي يوفقك والجميع

[شاده حيلي]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله

يعطيك الف الف عافية اختي بس بسال عن مناقشة علم اللغة النفسي مو معاهم فوق

[نهرالعطا]

شادة حيلي
الدكتور جديد وكل شئ جديد

شدي حيلك وحليها وعلى الله

[loge]

يعطيكم العافيه بس باقي الي عنده علم اللغه النفسي لايبخل علنيا

[زهرآء]

الدكتور ما عنده وقت يسجل محاضرات
عشان ينزل مناقشات جديدة
هنا حل الدفعة السابقة
راجعي تعليق 3# لأن اظن الهاشتاقات بالمنتدى احيانا مو فعالة
https://vb.ckfu.org/t767134.html
https://vb.ckfu.org/showpost.php?p=1...68&postcount=3
لكن المطمئن إن هالدكتور الجديد
عادة المحاضرة 14
تكون مراجعة ونماذج اسئلة
إن شاء الله مايغير اسلوبه
.
.
يسلموو نهر العطا

[الحلم الازرق]

جزاك الله خير يانهر العطا
وكل الي قاموا معك بالمساعده الله يكتبها في ميزان حسناتكم يارب