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تعاريف المحاضره السابعه والثامنه لترجمه الابداعيه
[أسئلة مراجعة مجهود شخصي - الترجمه الابداعيه - حليمه]
تعاريف المحاضره 7و8

عدد الأسئلة: 21

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1) An oratory is an elaborate and prepared speech. It is the art of swaying an audience by eloquent speech.

Oratory

theory of rhetoric

2) The theory of rhetoric was discussed by Aristotle and Quintilian; and three main classes of oratory : 1. deliberative—to persuadeanaudience(such as a legislature) to approve or disapprove a matter of public policy. 2. forensic—to achieve (as in a trial) condemnation or approval for a person's actions 3. epideictic—"display rhetoric" used on ceremonial occasions

Oratory

theory of rhetoric

3) Classic Rome's great orators :Cato the Elder ...........

Mark Antony

Mark Antony + Cicero

4) was included under the term rhetoric = the art of composing = delivering a speech. Oratory first appeared =in the law courts of Athens

In ancient Greece and Rome oratory

In ancient Greece and India oratory

5) Martin Luther

 Rhetoric was included in the medieval liberal arts curriculum

 In subsequent centuries oratory was utilized in three main areas of public life:politics, religion, and law

 During the Middle Ages+ the Renaissance+ the Reformation = oratory was confined to the church, which produced a soul-searing orator Martin Luther

a-b-c

6) With the development of parliaments in the 18th cent:great political orators appeared =their orations were often

complex

erudite

abounding in classical allusions

a-b-c

7) addressed to a wide audience of diverse classes of people→ tend to replete with religious allusions + appeal to the emotions = which profoundly influence the oratorical style of many orators or speakers

Literary sermons

Religious sermons

8) The oratorical style could be described : 1. bombastic ( Hitler and Mussolini) 2. intimate and conversational (fireside chats - President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Hitler +Mussolini D. Roosevelt

D. Roosevelt

9) The opposite view-that poetry translation is difficult→arises from the coincidence of two assumptions:

Translated poetry should be poetry in its own right.

Poetry is difficult+ ambiguous + exhibits a special relationship between form and meaning

a-b

10) the supposed difficulty of poetic translation is to move away from the original, producing instead imitations or new versions ....................... : (sees such deviation from the original as an “admission of defeat”)

Gutt

Hamburger

11) The Skopos of Poetic Translation One way of expressing the fact that translated poetry aims

- to be itself poetry

is to say that the aim or skopos (Nord 1997:27) of its translation is to carry over the source text function into the target text; it is thus an instrumental translation

It must also aspire to be documentary

a-b-c

12) argue that poetic texts demand direct translation; they must preserve the stylistic qualities of the original

Gutt

Hamburger

13) is considered as writing which captures the spirit or the energy of the original poem

story translation

Poetic translation

14) This focus on style as central to poetic translation is found especially in the writings of :

translators who are themselves poets and can be assumed to have an inherent knowledge of how this works.

critics who take the view that a theoretical understanding of poetry is essential not only to the reading of translated poetry but also to the act of translation.

a-b

15) characteristics of poetic style Some of the elements that have been put forward as distinctive of poetic style are:

It’s physical shape including use of lines and spaces on a page

It’s use of inventive language and in particular, patterns of sound and structure

It’s openness to different interpretations

It’s demand to be read non-pragmatically

a-b-c-d

16) is a stylistic device which allows for different interpretations and thus its preservation in translation enables the poem to retain its ability to fit different contexts .

Discussions (Connolly

Ambiguity ( Verdonk

17) Discussions on the nature of poetry suggest that there might be poetic characteristics that are universal; yet poetic traditions vary fromone culture to another, as Connolly says.

Discussions (Connolly

Ambiguity ( Verdonk

18) speaks of ‘dismantling’ the original poem and ‘building’ the translation

Scott

Sayers Peden

19) says maintaining that reading and translation are inextricably linked.

Sayers Peden

Scott

20) In translation could be a kind of close reading and writing of the ST. Translation is of course a less creative act than writing one’s poetry.

Creativity

translation

21) translation of poetry For the translation of poetry two main types of theory are relevant

theory of the literary text

theories of translation

theory of the literary text -theories of translation

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