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كويزالمحاضرة الثامنة مدخل إلى اللغويات د.أحمد الخطيب

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كويزالمحاضرة الثامنة مدخل إلى اللغويات د.أحمد الخطيب [أسئلة مراجعة مجهود شخصي - مدخل إلى اللغويات - د.أحمد الخطيب] مدخل إلى اللغويات عدد الأسئلة: 36 - بعد إنهاء حل الكويز يمكنك تحميله بصيغة PDF. - سوف تحصل على نقطة إضافية في التقييم عن كل إجابة صحيحة.
1) Pragmatics:
	The study of what speakers mean or ‘speaker meaning’
	The study of invisible meaning’ or how we recognize what is meant even when it’s not actually said or written.
	Communication depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but also recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances
	It is to understand speakers’ meaning, speakers or writers must be able to depend on several shared assumptions and expectations when they communicate.
	One of main purposes of pragmatics is to get insights how we understand more than just the linguistic content of utterances.
	It involves using the meaning of the words, the context in which they occur, and some pre-existing knowledge of what would be a likely message as we work towards a reasonable interpretation of what the procedure of the sign intended to convey.
	It is a combination of understanding what we read and hear.
	all above
2) .................... is influenced by context.
	Morphology
	Pragmatics
	Semantics
	Grammar
3) Physical context and Linguistic context are types of :
	context
	Grammar
	Morphology
	Semantics
4) ........................ it indicates the location where we encounter words and phrases such as the word bank on a wall building is understood as a financial institution.
	Linguistic context
	Anaphora
	Physical context
	Inference
5) known also as ‘co-text’ It indicates a set of other words used in the same phrase or sentence such as the word bank which is used with other words like steep or overgrown, where we don’t have a problem deciding which type of bank is meant. When someone says that she has to get to the bank to withdraw some cash, the co-text tells us which type of bank is intended.
	Inference
	Linguistic context
	Anaphora
	Physical context
6) Several sentences and words cannot be interpreted if we don’t know the ....................(e.g. today, here, there … etc.).
	noun
	verb
	pronoun
	context
7) (You’ll have to bring it back tomorrow because she is not here today.) Words such tomorrow and here are called .......................
	deictic expressions
	Reference expressions
	Presupposition expressions
	Inference expressions
8) ..................................... or deixis means pointing via language.
	Reference expressions
	Inference expressions
	deictic expressions
	Presupposition expressions
9) ........................... - to indicate people: me, you, him, them, that woman … etc.
	Reference deixis
	Person deixis
	Temporal deixis
	Spatial deixis
10) ............................ to indicate places: here, there, beside, near that …etc.
	Spatial deixis
	Person deixis
	Reference deixis
	Temporal deixis
11) ............................ to indicate times: now, the, last week, yesterday …etc.
	Person deixis
	Reference deixis
	Spatial deixis
	Temporal deixis
12) .............................. is an act by which a speaker (or writer) uses language to enable a listener (or reader) to identify something.
	Politeness
	Context
	Reference
	Pragmatics
13) Reference might be .............................. or
	a proper noun (e.g., Chomsky)
	a noun phrase (e.g., my friend)
	a pronoun (e.g., he)
	all above
14) Each word or phrase has a range of ......................... For example, when you say he, this pronoun can be used to refer to many entities in the world.
	inference
	reference
	anaphora
	presupposition
15) It is a process that we can use names associated with things to refer to people, and use names of people to refer to things. It is a connection between what is said and what must be meant.
	Inference
	Presupposition
	Reference
	Anaphora
16) ........................ is a subsequent reference to an already introduced entity.
	Anaphora
	Inference
	Presupposition
	Reference
17) In this referential relationship, the second (or subsequent) referring expression is an example of anaphora. The first mention is called the antecedent, e.g., a puppy and small bath are antecedents and the puppy and the bath are anaphoric expressions
	Reference
	Presupposition
	Anaphora
	Inference
18) The connection between antecedents and anaphoric expressions is based on .............................., as in the following example; - I got on a bus and asked the driver if it went near the downtown area. [antecedent is a bus and anaphoric expression is the driver] We must make an inference - to describe what the listener or reader does - between a bus and the driver.
	presupposition
	inference
	anaphora
	reference
19) It refers to what a speaker (or writer) assumes is true or known by a listener (or reader).
	Presupposition
	Inference
	Reference
	Anaphora
20) So, when we use a referring expressions like this, he or Jennifer, we usually assume that our listeners can recognize which referent is intended.
	Reference
	Anaphora
	Inference
	Presupposition
21) E.g. Why did you come late? There is a presupposition that I arrived late.
	Anaphora
	Inference
	Presupposition
	Reference
22) In presupposition, there is what is called ‘constancy under negation’ test for identifying a presupposition. For example, a sentence like I used to regret marrying him, but I don’t regret marrying him now, the presupposition (I married him) remains constant even though the verb regret change ...............................................
	from negative to affirmative
	from affirmative tonegative
	to affirmative
	from negative
23) Speech acts:
	Speech act describes actions such as ‘requesting’, ‘commanding’, ‘questioning’, or ‘informing’.
	Speech act is the action performed by a speaker with an utterance.
	E.g., I will be there at 6:00 O’clock. In this, you are not just speaking, but you are performing the speech act of ‘promising’.
	all above
24) Types of speech acts:
	Direct speech acts
	Indirect speech acts
	none above
	1+2
25) when an interrogative structure such as did you …?, are they … ?, or can we … ? is used with the function of a question. The interrogative structure is used when we don’t know something and we ask someone to provide the information.
	Direct speech acts
	Indirect speech acts
	Presupposition expressions
	Reference expressions
26) when we don’t ask question about something, but rather use it to make a request. Such as the following sentence: you left the door open. This sentence is declarative which would be used to make a statement. You probably want that person to close the door. - Sometimes, indirect speech acts (e.g., could you open that door for me?) seem to be more polite than direct speech acts (e.g., open the door for me).
	Presupposition expressions
	Reference expressions
	Indirect speech acts
	Direct speech acts
27) ....................... can be defined as showing awareness and consideration of another persons’ face.
	Speech acts
	Politeness
	Reference
	Context
28) Politeness:
	In pragmatics, the term ‘face’ means your public self-image
	If you say something that threats another person’s self-image. That is called ‘a face-threating act’, such as when you say ‘give me that paper’ by a military person.
	On the other hand, when the assumption of social power is removed, if you say ‘could you pass me that paper?’ This request is less threating to other person’s face, this can be described as ‘face-saving act’.
	all above
29) In pragmatics, the term .............................. means your public self-image.
	face
	back
30) f you say something that threats another person’s self-image. That is called ‘..............................’, such as when you say ‘give me that paper’ by a military person.
	face-saving act
	Anaphora
	a face-threating act
	all above
31) On the other hand, when the assumption of social power is removed, if you say ‘could you pass me that paper?’ This request is less threating to other person’s face, this can be described as ‘f.........................’.
	Anaphora
	face-saving act
	a face-threating act
	2+3
32) Types of face acts : ........................................ face.
	a positive and a negative
	a positive only
	a negative only
	none above
33) ..................... does not mean bad, it is just the opposite of positive.
	Negative
	positive
	1+2
34) .............................: the need to be independent and free from imposition.
	Positive face
	Negative face
	all above
35) ....................................: the need to be connected, to belong, to be a member of the group.
	Negative face
	Positive face
	none above
36) Understanding how successful communication works is actually a process of interpreting not just what speakers say, but what they ‘intend to mean’.
	Reference
	Inference
	Context
	Conclusion

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كويزالمحاضرة الثامنة مدخل إلى اللغويات د.أحمد الخطيب
[أسئلة مراجعة مجهود شخصي - مدخل إلى اللغويات - د.أحمد الخطيب]
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مدخل إلى اللغويات
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مناقشة الكويز: كويزالمحاضرة الثامنة مدخل إلى اللغويات د.أحمد الخطيب

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