[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : last year......old plan group

[quiet heartl]

بنات
الله يعافيها وينجحها ويوفقها الي تشرح تشالز جيمس بالعربي
ماقر افهمه او احفظه

[لاتغرك ضحكتي]

لو عندي هالملزمه كان ساعدتك

[احسن شئ]

http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/TheStuarts.aspxهنا نفس الكلام اللي في الملزمة مقدمهthe Surart+Charles 1+James1
موفقين

[lamo0o]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة لاتغرك ضحكتي

لو عندي هالملزمه كان ساعدتك

هذا كل الكلام إلي بالورقتين.

James I had been King of Scotland for 36 years when he became King of England. Although he was King of both countries, James's attempt to create a full governmental union proved premature

James himself was fairly tolerant in terms of religious faith, but the Gunpowder Plot (an attempt by Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators to blow up the Houses of Parliament) in 1605 resulted in the reimposition of strict penalties on Roman Catholics.

As an arts patron, James employed the architect Inigo Jones to build the present Banqueting House in Whitehall, and drama in particular flourished at his court.

Although he believed that kings took their authority from God, James accepted that his actions were subject to the law. Unable, like many of his predecessors, to put royal finances on a sound footing, James was often in dispute with his Parliaments.

A proposed 'Great Contract' (1610), under which Parliament would provide a regular income to the Crown to meet government costs and maintain the navy and army, in exchange for modifying the monarch's fundraising, came to nothing. The Addled Parliament of 1614 lasted eight weeks.

The outbreak of the Thirty Years War 1618-48 in Europe spread, and financial pressures forced James in 1621 to summon Parliament, but when the House of Commons tried to debate wider aspects of foreign policy and asserted their right to discuss any subject, James dissolved it.

A further Parliament, summoned in 1624, failed to resolve foreign policy questions. On James's death in 1625, the kingdom was on the edge of war with Spain
أما تشارلز الأول :



Charles I was born in Fife on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI of Scotland (from 1603 also James I of England) and Anne of Denmark.

He succeeded, as the second Stuart King of England, in 1625.

Controversy and disputes dogged Charles throughout his reign. They eventually led to civil wars, first with the Scots from 1637 and later in England (1642-46 and 1648)

Charles had high concept of royal authority, believing in the divine right of kings. He was a good linguist and a sensitive man of refined tastes.

Charles was also deeply religious. He favoured the high Anglican form of worship,

Charles found himself ever more in disagreement on religious and financial matters with many leading citizens. Having broken an engagement to the Spanish infanta, he had married a Roman Catholic, Henrietta Maria of France, and this only made matters worse.

Tensions between the King and Parliament centred around finances, made worse by the costs of war abroad, and by religious suspicions at home.

In the first four years of his rule, Charles was faced with the alternative of either obtaining parliamentary funding and having his policies questioned by argumentative Parliaments who linked the issue of supply to remedying their grievances, or conducting a war without subsidies from Parliament.

Charles dismissed his fourth Parliament in March 1629 and decided to make do without either its advice or the taxes which it alone could grant legally.

Although opponents later called this period 'the Eleven Years' Tyranny', Charles's decision to rule without Parliament was technically within the King's royal prerogative, and the absence of a Parliament was less of a grievance to many people than the efforts to raise revenue by non-parliamentary means.

For much of the 1630s, the King gained most of the income he needed from such measures as impositions, exploitation of forest laws, forced loans, wardship and, above all, ship money (extended in 1635 from ports to the whole country). These measures made him very unpopular, alienating many who were the natural supporters of the Crown.

In May 1646, Charles placed himself in the hands of the Scottish Army (who handed him to the English Parliament after nine months in return for arrears of payment - the Scots had failed to win Charles's support for establishing Presbyterianism in England)

On 20 January, Charles was charged with high treason 'against the realm of England'. Charles refused to plead, saying that he did not recognise the legality of the High Court (it had been established by a Commons purged of dissent, and without the House of Lords - nor had the Commons ever acted as a judicature).

The King was sentenced to death on 27 January. Three days later, Charles was beheaded on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall, London.

[ليان محمد]

الملك جيمس الاول بالعربي قلت يمكن يفيدكم بالتوفيق
جيمس الأول ملك إنكلترة: يعد جيمس مؤسس أسرة ستيوارت المالكة في إنكلترة، فبعد وفاة ملكتها إليزابيت (1603) بلا وريث شرعي، خلفها ملك اسكتلندة جيمس السادس على العرش باسم جيمس الأول ملك إنكلترة واسكتلندة، نظراً لما يربط بينهما من صلة قربى.
تبنى جيمس الأول سياسة ترمي إلى تحقيق السلام مع الخارج، وسيادة التسامح الديني في الداخل، فحسم مسألة الحرب بين إنكلترة وإسبانية، وعمل على تعديل القوانين الجزائية الخاصة برعاياه من الكاثوليك، حاول إصلاح الكنيسة الإنكليزية، لكن إنجازه الوحيد المهم في هذا المجال تمثل بترجمة الإنجيل إلى اللغة الإنكليزية المعروفة باسم «نسخة الملك جيمس» King James Version. ومن مآثره أيضاً رعايته للشاعر الكبير شكسبير.
لم يرَ جيمس في البرلمان سوى مجلس استشاري، وتعامل معه على هذا الأساس، لذلك كان يدعوه للانعقاد كلما كان بحاجة إلى دعمه، وسرعان ما يحله عندما كان يخالفه في الرأي، وقد أثارت سياسته المالية والدينية، ومجاملته للدول الكاثوليكية انتقادات البرلمان وغضبه، وعندما فشلت المفاوضات بين إنكلترة وإسبانية بشأن زواج ابنه شارل من ابنة ملك إسبانية (1623)، رتب زواجاً تحالفياً مع فرنسة وأعلن الحرب على إسبانية.
وهكذا فإن جيمس الذي أعلن نفسه ملك سلام، رأى عهده ينتهي بحروب باهظة الكلفة وعديمة الفائدة، ولما تدهورت قواه العقلية وصحته في سني أواخر حكمه، باشر ابنه شارل ووزيره بوكينغهام Bukingham حكم المملكة، ومالبث أن توفي جيمس.
كان جيمس الأول ذكياً، وداهية وسياسياً بارعاً، على الأقل حتى ما قبل السنوات القليلة الأخيرة من حكمه، لكنه كان أيضاً بالغ الكسل وباحثاً عن اللذة والمسرات.

[لغه الأزهار]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة عهد العتيبي

بنات اللي حضروا المحاضرة اللي علق فيها عن امتحان الميد بالحضارة


تذكرون وش قال

وش اللي ما عجلة بالاجوبة؟؟؟؟

وأيش يبغى بالضبط؟؟؟؟

اول شي ركز جدا جدا على اللانغوج والسبيلنغ والستركتشرز قال انا تساهلت معكم بالميد بس بالفاينل لا

ثاني شي لمن جاوب معنا الاخ يبي ففففففففل انفورميشن وجاب بعض المعلومات مدري من وين مش موجوده بالملزمه ,,خاصه الاسئله اللي فيها identify يبي معلومات كامله مع التواريخ

ثالث شي التواريخ قال مهمه خاصه حقت الاحداث البارزه

رابعا قال اسئله الفاينل نفس طريقه الميد

خامسا انا سئلته اذا عادي نجيب اشياء من برا قال اي عادي بس لاتتوسعين بالاجابه بزياده


وبس


مابي الا دعوه من القلب ان ربي ينجحني ويسخر لي الكومي بتاريخ اللغه >>هببت فيه

[ليان محمد]

بنات مين تقدر تلخص الفرق بين البروتستانت والكاثوليك تشارشز ؟

[lamo0o]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة ليان محمد

بنات مين تقدر تلخص الفرق بين البروتستانت والكاثوليك تشارشز ؟

1- Protestants believe that the Bible alone is the sole source of God’s special revelation to mankind, and as such it teaches us all that is necessary for our salvation from sin. Protestants view the Bible as the standard by which all Christian behavior must be measured.

* Catholics, on the other hand, reject the doctrine of*sola scriptura*and do not believe that the Bible alone is sufficient. They believe that both the Bible and sacred Roman Catholic tradition are equally binding upon the Christian.

2-Another disagreement between Catholicism and Protestantism is over the office and authority of the Pope. According to Catholicism the Pope is the “Vicar of Christ” (a vicar is a substitute), and takes the place of Jesus as the visible head of the Church.
*On the other hand, Protestants believe that no human being is infallible, and that Christ alone is the Head of the Church. Catholics rely on apostolic succession as a way of trying to establish the Pope’s authority. But Protestants believe that the church’s authority does not come from apostolic succession, but instead is derived from the Word of God.

3-A third major difference between Catholicism and Protestantism is how one is saved. According to Roman Catholicism, man cannot be saved by faith alone in Christ alone. Catholics teach that the Christian must rely on faith plus “meritorious works” in order to be saved.
Essential to the Roman Catholic doctrine of salvation are the Seven Sacraments, which are baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders, and matrimony.

* Protestants believe that, on the basis of faith in Christ alone, believers are justified by God as all their sins are paid for by Christ on the cross and His righteousness is imputed to them.

[lamo0o]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة lamo0o

هذا كل الكلام إلي بالورقتين.

james i had been king of scotland for 36 years when he became king of england. Although he was king of both countries, james's attempt to create a full governmental union proved premature

james himself was fairly tolerant in terms of religious faith, but the gunpowder plot (an attempt by guy fawkes and other roman catholic conspirators to blow up the houses of parliament) in 1605 resulted in the reimposition of strict penalties on roman catholics.

As an arts patron, james employed the architect inigo jones to build the present banqueting house in whitehall, and drama in particular flourished at his court.

Although he believed that kings took their authority from god, james accepted that his actions were subject to the law. Unable, like many of his predecessors, to put royal finances on a sound footing, james was often in dispute with his parliaments.

A proposed 'great contract' (1610), under which parliament would provide a regular income to the crown to meet government costs and maintain the navy and army, in exchange for modifying the monarch's fundraising, came to nothing. The addled parliament of 1614 lasted eight weeks.

The outbreak of the thirty years war 1618-48 in europe spread, and financial pressures forced james in 1621 to summon parliament, but when the house of commons tried to debate wider aspects of foreign policy and asserted their right to discuss any subject, james dissolved it.

A further parliament, summoned in 1624, failed to resolve foreign policy questions. On james's death in 1625, the kingdom was on the edge of war with spain

أما تشارلز الأول :

charles i was born in fife on 19 november 1600, the second son of james vi of scotland (from 1603 also james i of england) and anne of denmark.

He succeeded, as the second stuart king of england, in 1625.

Controversy and disputes dogged charles throughout his reign. They eventually led to civil wars, first with the scots from 1637 and later in england (1642-46 and 1648)

charles had high concept of royal authority, believing in the divine right of kings. He was a good linguist and a sensitive man of refined tastes.

Charles was also deeply religious. He favoured the high anglican form of worship,

charles found himself ever more in disagreement on religious and financial matters with many leading citizens. Having broken an engagement to the spanish infanta, he had married a roman catholic, henrietta maria of france, and this only made matters worse.

Tensions between the king and parliament centred around finances, made worse by the costs of war abroad, and by religious suspicions at home.

In the first four years of his rule, charles was faced with the alternative of either obtaining parliamentary funding and having his policies questioned by argumentative parliaments who linked the issue of supply to remedying their grievances, or conducting a war without subsidies from parliament.

Charles dismissed his fourth parliament in march 1629 and decided to make do without either its advice or the taxes which it alone could grant legally.

Although opponents later called this period 'the eleven years' tyranny', charles's decision to rule without parliament was technically within the king's royal prerogative, and the absence of a parliament was less of a grievance to many people than the efforts to raise revenue by non-parliamentary means.

For much of the 1630s, the king gained most of the income he needed from such measures as impositions, exploitation of forest laws, forced loans, wardship and, above all, ship money (extended in 1635 from ports to the whole country). These measures made him very unpopular, alienating many who were the natural supporters of the crown.

In may 1646, charles placed himself in the hands of the scottish army (who handed him to the english parliament after nine months in return for arrears of payment - the scots had failed to win charles's support for establishing presbyterianism in england)

on 20 january, charles was charged with high treason 'against the realm of england'. Charles refused to plead, saying that he did not recognise the legality of the high court (it had been established by a commons purged of dissent, and without the house of lords - nor had the commons ever acted as a judicature).

The king was sentenced to death on 27 january. Three days later, charles was beheaded on a scaffold outside the banqueting house in whitehall, london.

[عهد العتيبي]

شكرًا حبيبتي ((((لغة الأزهار)))


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