[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : 00 تجمـــــع الاستعـــــــداد لاختبـــــار (الصوتيــــات والنظــام الصـوتـــي ) 00

[DEEL]

الله يرضى عليكم ابي التعريفات في بي دي اف
جهازي مو راضي يفتحها اذا كانت وورد
الله يفرجها عليكم

[Amy!]

تعريفات الصوتيات من المحاضره 8-14
المحاضره 9 لم اجد اي تعريف..

Monosyllabic :
morphemes like bile, which contain only one syllable

polysyllabic:
morphemes may contain more than one syllable

branching onsets:
onsets may contain two segments (as in bring, trap, clip)

oneset :
all consonants occurring before the vowel

closed syllable :
one or more consonants in coda position

open syllable :
does not contain any consonants in coda position as word (buy)

allophones :
Realizations of a phoneme which are entirely predictable from the context

minimal pairs :
Pairs of words which differ with respect to only one sound (sit, sat, set)

Elision :
the process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be presented in the deliberately careful pronunciation friendship [frεnʃIp].

Phonetics :
study of human speech sounds .

Phonology :
the study of certain sorts of mental organization.

Phonology : is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.

mutually exclusive:
the distribution of unaspirated and aspirated stops .

complementary distribution:
where you get one kind of stops, you never get the other.


Monophthong :
the vowel quality remains more or less constant.

أسال الله لي ولكم التوفيق..
ارجو مراجعة الملزمه قد اكون اخفقت في التجميع...



نسختها من ملف ورد لضجيج الحلم

[Amy!]

articulators, and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics

The pharynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx. It is about 7cm long in women and about 8 cm in men, and at its top end it is divided into two, one part being the back of the mouth and the other being the beginning of the way through the nasal cavity.

The velum or soft palate is seen in any diagram in a position that allows air to pass through the nose and through the mouth. In speech it is raised so that air cannot escape through the nose

The hard palate is often called ‘the roof of the mouth’. You can feel its smooth curved surface with your tongue

The alveolar ridge is between the top front teeth and the hard palate. You can feel its shape with your tongue. Sounds made with the tongue touching here (such as t and d) are called alveolar

The tongue is, of course, a very important articulator and it can be moved into many different places and different shapes. It is usual to divide the tongue into different parts: tip, blade, front, back and root

The teeth (upper and lower). Sounds made with the tongue touching the front teeth are called dental

The lips are important in speech. They can be pressed together (when we produce the sounds p, b), brought into contact with the teeth (as in f, v), or rounded to produce the lip-shape for vowels like u: . Sounds in which the lips are contact with each other are called bilabial, while those with lip-to –teeth contact are called labiodentals

The vocal folds may lie open, in which case the airstream passes through them unimpeded. Sounds which are made when the focal folds are open are called voiceless sounds. Thus, /s/ is a voiceless sound


voiced sounds whereas sounds produced without such vibration are said to be voiceless

Bilabial sounds. Sounds in which the airflow is modified by forming a constriction between the lower lip and the upper lip are referred to as bilabial sounds. An example is the first sound in pit and bite

Labio-dental sounds. Sounds in which there is a constriction between the lower
lip and upper teeth are referred to as labio-dental sounds. An example is the
first sound in fit and very



Dental sounds. Sounds in which there is a constriction between the tip of the
tongue and the upper teeth are referred to as dental sounds. An example is the
first sound in thin



Alveolar ridge : وهي الزاويه الصلبه خلف اللأسنان

The hard palate : وهو الجزء الصلب من سقف الفم

The palate-alveolar or post-alveolar : المنطقه التي بين ( the alveolar ridge ) الزاويه
الصلبه خلف الاسنان والحنك

Sounds which are made when the focal folds are open are called voiceless sounds


vocal folds vibration this vibration is felt when you put your fingers to your larynx and produce a sound like /z

Sounds which are produced with this vocal folds vibration are said to be voiced sounds

whereas sounds produced without such vibration are said to be voiceless

the space between the vocal cords is referred to as the glottis

refer to sounds produced at this place of articulation as glottal sounds


Sounds in which there is a constriction between the blade of the tongue and the palate-alveolar (or post-alveolar) region are called palate-alveolar sounds.

Sounds in which there is a constriction between the front of the tongue and the
hard palate are called palatal sounds


Sounds in which there is a constriction between the back of the tongue and the
velum are called velar sounds

Stop sounds: such as: /t/, /d/ /k//g/, /b/, /p /
In pronouncing these sounds the articulators involved in pronouncing them make a complete closure. For example, when we pronounce the /p/ sound, the lower and upper lips completely block the flow of air from the lungs; that closure may then be released, as it is in pit and then produce a sudden outflow of air. Sounds which are produced with complete closure are referred to as stops (or plosives

Fricatives:
such as: /s/, /z/, /f/, /v/, / / /ً/, /ʃ/ , /Ʒ/
Let us now distinguish between complete closure and another, less extreme, degree of constriction:
Close approximation. Sounds which are produced with this kind of constriction entail a bringing together of the two articulators to the point where the airflow is not quite fully blocked: enough of a gap remains for air to escape, but the articulators are so close together that friction is created as the air escapes. Sounds of this sort are referred to as fricatives

Approximants: the least degree of constriction occurs when articulators come fairly close together, but not sufficiently close together to create friction. This kind of stricture is called open approximation. Consonants produced in this way are called approximants or approximations. The first sound in yes is an approximant. It is described like /j/ and it is a voiced palatal approximant. /w/, /r/, and /I/ are also considered approximants


So, the least radical degree of constriction occurs when the articulators come fairly close together, but not sufficiently close together to create friction. This kind of stricture is called open approximation

Affricates :
We have distinguished three classes of consonant according to degree of
Constriction: stops, fricatives and approximants. Consider the first sound in chip: it is like a stop in that there is complete closure between the blade of the tongue and the palate-alveolar region. However, it is like a fricative in that it clearly involves friction.

Aspiration:
-The first stop in pit, we said, is a voiceless bilabial stop. So too is the first stop in spit. But the bilabial stop in pit differs phonetically from the bilabial stop in spit: if you hold the palm of your hand up close to your mouth when uttering pit, you will feel a stronger puff of air on releasing the bilabial stop than you will when you utter spit. That stronger puff of air phenomenon is called aspiration: we say that the bilabial stop in pit is an aspirated voiceless stop, whereas the stop in spit is unaspirated


Nasal stops:
We have been making an assumption in our discussion thus far, concerning the position of the velum in the production of the speech sounds we have described. We have assumed that, in all of these sounds, the air from the lungs is escaping only through the mouth (the oral cavity). This is true if the velum is in the raised position, such that it prevents the flow of air out through the nasal cavity


Assimilation:
When two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or copies by the other, the process is known as assimilation.
An example is the word dean. The ea became nasalized as it is followed by a nasal sound, which is in this case the /n/.

Wells uses three key words for the [ɔ:]. These are: thought, force and north.
He also uses three key words for /ɑ:/. Start, and Balm





لو نآسيه شي آضيفوهه لأني سويته ع السريع
نققآء ..


وهذا من ملف الورد الثاني..

هذي التعريفات اللي عندي

[Amy!]

ياليت اللي عنده أسئلة السنوات اللي راحت غير اللي حطها تركي واسئلة المراجعة ينزل روابط لها هنا..

[Aloonh]

شوفوا هالصورتين ان شاء الله تساعد

[DEEL]

جزاك الله خير

[شوق@]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة Rasta

جربي هالفلاش يساعدك على نطق الحروف

http://www.oupchina.com.hk/dict/phonetic/home.swf

يعطيك العافية على هالفلاش ساعدني كثييير بس عندي لخبطة في حرف (r, 3:)

أدري إنها comsonants -vowels بس مو عارفةكيف اكتبها في كلمة (apron)

[sweet patchi]

لو سمحتم مين عنده اسالة العام كاملة؟

[حياتي امواج]

صباح الخير
حصلت لي ظروف أمس مشوار الدمام وبعض المحاضرات قرأتها قراءة
بسألكم كيف بتراجعون
أحس اذا مابراجع بجيب العيد هههههههههه
يعني الان احس اني مشوشة
بانتظار الرد....وفالنا الامتياااااز

[sara alshehri]

لو سمحتو من اللي ذاكر شرح عمار المعاني
ايش اللي موجود في محتوى دكتورنا الحالي
ومو موجود بشرح عمار