[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : third year english student second term

[نــونــه]

هذا جواب منى ..



Q- 3- Hamlet as a tragic hero
Aristotle's ideas about tragedy were recorded in his book of literary theory titled Poetics. . The tragic hero is a character of noble stature and has greatness. The character must occupy a "high" status position but must embody nobility and virtue as part of his innate character. Yet he is not perfect. We would be unable to identify with the tragic hero. We should see in him someone who is essentially like us.
The hero's downfall is his own fault, the result of free choice. He should have a character flaw that contributes to the hero's lack of perfection. This flaw is known as hamartia and is usually translated as "tragic flaw". Though it arouses solemn emotion, tragedy does not leave its audience in a state of depression. Aristotle argues that one function of tragedy is to arouse the "unhealthy" emotions of pity and fear and through a catharsis (which comes from watching the tragic hero's terrible fate) cleanse us of those emotions.
According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be semi-god or a superman, but William Shakespeare does not like this and he puts an ordinary man because he is a humanist. He believes that man is powerful and has free will of his own; the gods do not control man. But he agrees that man should be of a high rank. Hamlet is an ordinary man. But he follows the classics in making this hero a man of high rank because he wanted to affect the people; the tragic hero should affect the audience.
Hamlet is written in 1601. It means that it is Elizabethan tragedy.In the Elizabethan theater, the stage was taking like shape as if it has three sides and the people used to sit in a horseshoe shape. The auditorium takes a horseshoe shape while they face each other to interact. The auditorium was arranged in a horseshoe shape so that the spectators never lose sight of one another to experience catharsis in tragedy and share laughter in comedy. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero is dominated by hamartia.
Hamartia is an excess of a trait in one’s character that harms him. So, this tragic flaw (hamartia) leads to the tragic hero’s downfall. The tragic hero arouses pathos in the audience’s heart. Then the audience experience catharsis (purification). Their souls are purged through feeling of pity and fear. They sympathize with the tragic hero in his disaster and gets scared lest they would the same fate.
According to the classics, the fall of the hero is due to the power of the gods. But William Shakespeare was a humanist and did not accept that, he took few things from the classics but he refuses certain things. All his tragic heroes have free will, they make mistakes and because of this mistake they had a fall at the end.
Concerning poetic justice, Because Shakespeare was a Christian, William Shakespeare liked to apply poetic justice.
The tragic hero always experiences exterior or interior conflicts. Hamlet is a prince, so he has a high rank.
Hamlet tells his mother that he does not mean to kill Polonius at all and he tells her that he feels that fate has put Polonius in his way. He believes he is innocent and he is not responsible for that. He believes that fate urges him to be cruel only to be kind. Hamlet is highly philosophical. Fates urges him only to be kind. The fate involves Hamlet in crimes to encourage him to take action and achieve retributive justice. Hamlet says that he has become a scourge (a sinful revenger) and minister (virtuous revenger). He achieves retributive justice. He is torn between inner conflicts. He is confused. It is a very important incident in the play. Polonius’s death raises different philosophical questions. Is Hamlet is a scourge or a minister? Is Hamlet good or fine? Is Hamlet sinful or innocent? Hamlet tells his mother also that Claudius will send him to England with his two friends who are untrue friends Rosencrantz, Guildenstern. He tells his mother that he knows that Claudius wants to trap him.
Hamlet has been highly recognized as a tragedy. It is quoted often in literature. But according to Aristotle this play isn't a tragedy as far as the ending is concerned because it creates a mood of disgust as opposed to pity. The audience isn't left feeling sorry for Hamlet. They are not moved to tears. The tone of the audience is more of a separation from the main character than a feeling of concern. At the end of the play we are happy for Fortinbras, a Norwegian prince, for becoming the King, but we are left feeling not sadness for Hamlet; only sorrow for the sad state of the Castle. This setting where Hamlet takes place, Castle Elsinore in Denmark, was an immoral, indecent place for killers and incestuous relationships. Because pity and fear is not produced but only disgust, Aristotle's description of a tragedy doesn't apply to the ending.

[نــونــه]

المرقمين .. تبع هوما .
واللي x و xx هذي من نوت خارجيه مو تبع لا هوما ولا منى ..

[Miss.LoLo]

اللي طلبت الترجمه
هذي هي انا مع سلوى
ترى في ورقه لشكسبير داخله عرض

[نــونــه]

بنات عورتني اصابعي وانا اكتب .. كل وحده تقول الاسئلة اللي عطتها دكورتها ... وما اشوف الا نتفه بنات يجاوبون .. طيب والجماهير الباقيه..!!!!

بنات بس اكتبوها وحنا بندور الاجوبه ...

بليييييييز
يللا ياشطورات ياحلوات .. بنات منى .. بنات هوما ... يللا اشوف كل وحده تكتب الاسئله ...

[قيتارة السماءj]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة نــونــه

بنات عورتني اصابعي وانا اكتب .. كل وحده تقول الاسئلة اللي عطتها دكورتها ... وما اشوف الا نتفه بنات يجاوبون .. طيب والجماهير الباقيه..!!!!

بنات بس اكتبوها وحنا بندور الاجوبه ...

بليييييييز
يللا ياشطورات ياحلوات .. بنات منى .. بنات هوما ... يللا اشوف كل وحده تكتب الاسئله ...

والله اني مفهيه من اول محاضره مع هوما الى اخر وحده ..يعني ما أقدر أفيدكم بشئ

بحاول اكلم البنات اللي اعرفهم ..و ان شاء الله خير..

ما قصرتي يا نونه يا أم الفزعات ..جعلها في موازيين حسناتك

[شتاء عمري]

ودي اساعدكم بس ماعندي الماده

[لاتغرك ضحكتي]

انا ما عندي شكسبير بالاصح انسحبت من المقرر
و الا كان ساعدتكم
مووفقين يارب

[Angelica]

شكسبير منى حشيش .. هذا اللي كتبته معها بالمحاضره حقت الاسئله

1 classical elements
a- 5 acts ( introduction , climax denouement )
b- mistaken identities
c- songs
d- unity of place
e- explicit dreams
f- classical aluusion
g- way of thinking (Aristotle )


Modern elements

a- defamiliarization
b- violating the unity of time and action ( sup-plots )
c- metatheatre
d- gendermandering
e- symbolism
f- expressionism
g- surrealism
h- cupism
I - dadism
j - intertextuality ( Romeo and juliet )

Different kinds of love

1- love at first sight ( the workings of cupid - Helena and demetruis )
2- love at one side ( unrequited love ) Helena and demetrius سالفه اعتبرني dog
3- love by force or false love it happens under the effect of magic

The craftsmen as a source of mockery

على فكره ترى انا جيت بنص المحاضره يعني يمكن الأسئله ناقصه

[نــونــه]

شششششششكرا جميعا ..

طيب الباقين لاهنتو .. حطو اللي تعرفونه ..



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ايش كانت اسئلتكم في الميد .. عشان نحذفها ..

[~ Luna]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة M.A.S

شفيكم بنات سحبتو على الترجمه؟
صحيح سهل بس يأنبني ضميري اروح ما ذاكرت شيي

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