[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester

[أم كـشهـ]

بنات لغويات تبع اي موضوع ؟

[Timon]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة hopeful

عطيني ايميلك وادعي لي

الله يعااافيك اذا لسا عندك ملزمه الفكرر حقت شمس الدين ممكن ترسلين لي ايااها؟؟ انا مااختبرت وبختبر مع المعتذرات

اوو اي احد عنده الملزمه يحطها هنا الله يعااافيكمممم :(

[craze]

بنات..ايش هيا المواضيع اللي معانا بنظرية الترجمه؟؟

[دآآآنة الجامعه]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة craze

بنات..ايش هيا المواضيع اللي معانا بنظرية الترجمه؟؟

1)الخمس المحاضرات الاولى وذاكريهم من الايميل احسن
2) ch2اللي بالكتاب وتلقين لها ملخص بعد بالايميل والملزمه وفي الشابتر نفسه وضوع thesaurusذاكريه من الايميل العرض اللي الدكتوره مسويته
3) والcollocation الكلمات تحفظينها كلها
4)وطبعا بنترجم من عربي الى انجليزي والعكس ..

وبالتوفيق..

[ALanood sh]

بناااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااات اللي بالايميل محذوفه اشياء كثيرة نذاكره يعني

[ALanood sh]

اقصد النظريه , وكيف طريقة الاسئلة جايبه زفت بالميد :(

[craze]

الله يعطيك العافيه يادانه
تسلمين

[$ زازا $]

بنات ابغى عروض الترجمة
و المحاضرات اللي ع الايميل

[ALanood sh]

3
The Meaning of the Term " Theory":
- The English word ' theory' was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy. The word ' theoria' meant a looking at, viewing, beholding, and referring to contemplation or speculation as opposed to action.
- Theory is especially often contrasted to "practice" from Greek ' praxis'.
3
The Meaning of the Term " Theory":
- The English word ' theory' was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy. The word ' theoria' meant a looking at, viewing, beholding, and referring to contemplation or speculation as opposed to action.
- Theory is especially often contrasted to "practice" from Greek ' praxis'.
- In modern science the term theory or 'scientific theory' is generally understood to refer to a proposed " explanation" of " empirical phenomena" made in a way consistent with scientific method.
The Definition of a theory:
- A theory is an explanation of a phenomenon, the perception of a system and order in something observed.
- It exists in the mind.
- It has no tangible manifestation.
- It is an idea which constitutes the internal representation of a phenomena.
The Definition of a Model:
- A model is, in contrast, an external rather than an internal representation of the explanation, a realization of a theory.
- It exists as a tangible object ( diagram. A formula, a text) which stands for the idea embodied in the theory.
Main Characteristics of a Useful Model:
For a Model to be useful, it must possess the following characteristics:
1- It must faithfully represent the theory that it stands for.
2- It must do this by revealing significant characteristics of the phenomena explained by the theory.
1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding.
Main Characteristics of a theory:
Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria:
1- Empiricism: it must be testable
2- Determinism: it must be able to predict
3- Parsimony: it must be simple
4- Generality: it must be comprehensive
What is translation Theory?
1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon.
2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality.
3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation:
A- A Theory of translation as a process
B- A Theory of translation as a product
C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation)
Newmark ( 1988) says:
"Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints."


1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding.
Main Characteristics of a theory:
Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria:
1- Empiricism: it must be testable
2- Determinism: it must be able to predict
3- Parsimony: it must be simple
4- Generality: it must be comprehensive
What is translation Theory?
1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon.
2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality.
3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation:
A- A Theory of translation as a process
B- A Theory of translation as a product
C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation)
Newmark ( 1988) says:
"Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints."


1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding.
Main Characteristics of a theory:
Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria:
1- Empiricism: it must be testable
2- Determinism: it must be able to predict
3- Parsimony: it must be simple
4- Generality: it must be comprehensive
What is translation Theory?
1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon.
2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality.
3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation:
A- A Theory of translation as a process
B- A Theory of translation as a product
C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation)
Newmark ( 1988) says:
"Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints."


4

Elements of Translation
1- A linguistic element known as a linguist ' verbal sign' involving SL and TL.
2- A situational or contextual element involving both SL and TL. This element determines translatability.
Situational elements are:
1- Semantic field
2- Physical environment
3- Social reality
4- Phonetic realization
5- The addressee
------------------------------------------
Important terms:
SL
TL
ST
TT

[ALanood sh]

5
The Process of Translation
1- Reading the text to be translated with comprehension
2- Editing the source text ( if necessary)
3- Cognitive activity involves abstract mental interpretation of the text
4- Checking unfamiliar words using all sorts of dictionaries ( Oxford, Longman, Webster), Arabic-Arabic , English-Arabic, Arabic-English dictionaries.
5- Drafting
6- Editing