[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : درب a+بإذن الله ..مادة المقال..

[Another day]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة ادب

اختي يوم اخر انذر دي والله ما قصرتي ربي يعطيك العافية ويجزاك خير يارب

اجمعين ي عمري والله يوفقنا ويجي الاختبار سهل مثل الصوتيات

[خادمة القران]

صباح الخير
ارجوكم من لديه تمارين الكتاب محلوله
و ركز عليها الدكتور ينزلها
عسى فاله التوفيق بذا الجمعه

[خادمة القران]

وامل منكم تجميع كل ماتم شرحه بالمحاضره المباشره بملف
وجزاكم ربي بالجنه

["لعيونها جيت"]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة Another day

عدد القبائل؟ طيب والمقصود اي قطعه لاتكون الملونه؟! هذي تتكلم عن الاطفال والأباء ماجى طاري للقبائل

لا ياقلبي هذي القطعة جتهم في اختبار الترم الماضي


people live longer than most other nationalities, for the eat healthful diets.

smoking is a factor in longevity, yet Japanese and other long-lived Asians have a very high rate of tobacco use.

Doctors say that stress is another longevity factor, so try to avoid stress if you wish to live a longer life

[sofy safaa]

متلخبطه كتييير في الماده بصراحه وكل ما احفظ حاجه انساها ولا عارفه كمان ابدء منين
دعواتكم
وياريت احد يكبتلي نصيحه يمكن اعرف اهدي واكمل مذكرة علي خير

[ابوتركي00]

قطعه من الكتاب

قطعه 1

Changing English: the African influence

If you ask average Americans where their language comes from, they will probably say "England"

However, English vocabulary has also been influenced by other countries and groups of people. Some words are borrowed from other language, such as typhoon, which originally came from the Chinese word, 'tai-fung', meaning 'big wind'. Skunk, the name of a small, smelly, black-and-white animal, came to English from a Native American language. African American, too, have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words

African Americans, many of whose ancestors were brought to the states as slaves hundreds of years ago, have introduced a number of words to English from language that they spoke in their native countries. The common English word OK is used around the world today, but it was not always part of English vocabulary. One theory is that slaves in America used a phrase and started using it. Today, almost everyone in the world uses OK to mean 'all right'. Another good example of a 'new' word is the word jazz. African American musicians living in the United States began playing jazz music in the city of New Orleans, and they used the word jass or jazz to describe the music and certain kinds of dancing. No one is sure where the word originally came from, but as jazz music became more and more popular, the word jazz became a common English word.

The meanings of words sometimes change over time. The cool is a good example. Cool has been used in English for a long time to describe a temperature that is 'not warm but not too cold' or to describe a person who is 'calm or unemotional'. However, an additional meaning was given to the word cool in the past 100years. Just like the word jazz, African American musicians used the word cool to describe the music they were playing. For them, cool meant 'good', as jazz music and other forms of music played by African American musicians became popular, more and more people started to use the word cool in conversation. Today, it is still a commonly used word, especially by younger people, to mean 'good' or 'great'. A word with the opposite meaning of cool is square. Square is, of course, a shape, but it also is used to describe a person who is not cool. This may be because a person who is too old-fashioned and not flexible is like a shape with four straight sides and four corners.

English owes some of its interesting and colorful vocabulary to African American. Existing ethnic groups in the United States as well as new immigrants will surely continue to bring new words to English and give fresh meaning to existing words. Who knows what the 'cool' words of tomorrow will be?

قطعه2

Native American Influences on modern U.S. Culture

When the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American peoples of North America. Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about the strange European manners and customs as the Europeans were curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans' ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.(1)First of all, Native Americans lift a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American language words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with Native American names.

For example, the states of Delaware, Lowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American language the words for animals and plants found in the Americas. Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples(2)(1)

Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native American influence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with Native Americans. Art is another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art, and handicrafts are a treasured part of U.S. culture.(3)(2)

In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area of important in which Native American had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Being skilled farmers, the Native American of North American taught the newcomers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of hoe Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant.

Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and crop rotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native American. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.(4)(3)

Finally, it may surprise some people to learn citizens of the Unites States are also-indebted

To the native people for their form of government. The Iroquois who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called "nations," had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nations had joined together in a confederation called "The league of the Iroquois." Under the league, each nation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after

[مدام الفهد]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم



اللهم صلّ وسلّم على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه وسلم

الجزء الخامس من المحاضرة المباشرة الثالثة



Pattern of organization (نمط التنظيم)
مثل
Chronological order

الترتيب الزمني
point-by-point

نقطة بنقطة
block

كتلة
procedure

اجراء
cause and effect

السبب والتأثير
coparision and contrast

المقارنة والتباين


بشرح ثلاثة امثله على نظم التنظيم الان وهي ..




Chronological order

الترتيب الزمني


وهو وضع الافكار في ترتيب او تسلسل موجود في الوقت المناسب لتنظيم المقال
مثال..

First always come to class just a little late. (2) Second make as much noise as possible as you enter the room. (3) Then, greet all your friends with a cheerful wave-or even better, with a shouted greeting. (4) Before you sit down, slam your heavy backpack down on the floor next to your desk and do a few stretching exercise. (After all, you will be sitting still for the next 40 minutes or so )!

)5(Finally make a big, gaping yawn and take your seat. (6) As soon as the lesson begins, raise your hand and ask to be excused to go to the restroom. (7) Second, be sure to slam the door, and again, make as much noise as possible while taking your seat. In (8) The next few minutes, turn the pages of your book noisily, search in your backpack for a pencil, ask your neighbor if you can borrow an eraser, and announce in a loud voice that you cannot find your homework. (9) Next, raise your hand and ask to be excused to look for it in your locker .

If the teacher should happen to call on you during the class, mumble an answer. (10) When he or she asks you to speak up, mumble again-maybe a little louder this time, but still not loudly enough to be heard. If the teacher dares to ask you (11) a third time, give a loud and clear answer to the previous question-the one your classmate answered a minute ago-and smile smugly as you do so .

)12(In conclusion, if these techniques do not achieve the desired results, you can always fold your arms across your desk, put your head down, and take a nap. Just do not forgot to snore

لاحظ الكلمات الملونة بالاحمر هي مفاتيح

Chronological order



وباختصار هذي هي الزبدة لو طلب منك الترتيب الزمني بالبرقراف تقدر تطلعه من خلال هذه المفاتيح وايضا ممكن يكون فيه تاريخ مثلا in 2014 ايضا هذا ضمن المفاتيح والسؤال عليها واضح وهو كالتالي



What Transition Signal is used to list in order؟
a- first, second, third
b- next, last, finally
c- the first, second, the next, last, final

d- All of the above







cause and effect
السبب والتأثير



The patterns of cause and effect essays are the following
انماط التأثير والسبب للمقال

هكذا النمط الاول ويكون بهذه الطريقه في اي برقراف يكون يتحدث عن التأثير كالشكل التالي

Cause-to-Effect Pattern

· Introduction, Thesis

· Effect 1

· Effect 2

· Effect 3

· Conclusion

نمط التأثير

التأثير الاول

والثاني

والثالث

والخاتمه

اوفقرة تتحدث عن السبب هكذا

Effect-to-Cause Pattern

· Introduction, Thesis

· Cause 1

· Cause 2

· Cause 3

· Conclusion
نمط السبب
السبب الاول
السبب الثاني
السبب الثالث
والخاتمه


بمعنى ان يكون برقراف فيه المقدمه ثم اطروحة البيان ثم السبب لايقل عن ثلاثة اسباب ثم الخاتمه

والبرقراف الثاني يكون فيه مقدمة ثم اطروحة البيان ثم النتيجه او التأثير لتلك الاسباب الثلاثه ثم الخاتمه





وهناك طريقتين للتنظيم...

الطريقة الاولى..وهي تنظيم الكتله block organization
You discuss all of the causes in one block (one, two or three paragraphs, depending on the n umber of causes). Then you discuss all the effects in another block.
وهي مناقشه كافة الاسباب في كتلة واحدة الفقرة الاولى والثانيه والثالثة اعتمادا على عدد من الاسباب ثم نناقش الاسباب لكافة التأثيرات في كتلة اخرى


مفاتيح كلمات السبب كيف اعرف السبب وين موجود بالفقره اذا شفت هالكلمات
the first reason is, the next cause, because
السبب الأول هو،والسبب القادم ،وذلك لأن


مفاتيح كلمات التأثير ايضا كيف اعرف مكان وجود التأثير بالفقرة من خلال هذه الكلمات
the first effect, as a result, consequently
تأثيرالأولى، ونتيجة لذلك، وبناء على ذلك
ملاحظة: استخدم فاصلة منقوطة قبل وبعد فاصلة بناء على ذلك ولذلك.








الطريقه الثانيه ..وهي تنظيم السلسله chain organization
You discuss a first cause and then the effect, a second cause and its effect, a third cause and its effect, and so on.
عليك مناقشة قضية أولا ثم النتيجه، والسبب الثاني والنتيجه،ثم ثالث سبب والنتيجه،وهلم جرا

ويكون بهذه الطريقه ...تأثير ثم سبب تأثير ثم سبب وهكذا كالسلسله

the first reason is, the next cause, becausethe first effect, as a result, consequentlyIntroductionCause

Effect

↓

Cause

↓

Effect

↓

Cause

↓

Effect

↓

Cause

↓

Effect

↓conclusion


وهذا النوع يعطينا كما قلنا السبب ثم النتيجه..

[مربى فراوله]

ممكن احد يحول لي ملف العطف اللي نزلته الاخت لوفلي بي دي اف مافتح عندي

[منى*]

يعطيكم العافية جميعاً

[PARIS]

روحوا الله يسهل دروبكم ..

انا اتابع مع الدكتور واجي اقرا شرحكم
جداً رائــــــع