[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : تجمع النقد الأدبي | الاخـتبار :الأحد | | الفتره الأولى| 3- 4 -1438هـ | ‏

[x5666x]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة against gravity

بعض الاخوة والاخوات اشوفهم مشتتين
وانا مثلكم صراحه كثرة هالملفات والاختبارات والكويزات تشتت واحس المعلومات طارت


لذلك بحط من جديد
بالمرفقات


*ملزمة الاخت هارت ستوري غير مترجمة محدد فيها باصفر المهم واسئلة الاعوام الماضية > اشوفها ممتازه 72 صفحة ..
*وملزمة اختصار لها 24 صفحة< تصلح للمراجعة وتثبيت المعلومة وليس الاعتماد الكلي.

*وملزمة مترجمة الاخت لاتحزني 111> للي يحب يذاكر من ملزمة مترجمة واشوفها اقل من ملزمة مس هيفا.

*وملزمة ترجمة عربية كاملة للاخ رضوان تصلح للي يحب يذاكر ملزمة غير مترجمة يرجع لها لو صعبت عليه نقطه معينه.

+ملف اسلئة لاربعة نماذذج اختبارات سابقة عموما الدكتور يكرر كثير ويغير بصيغة السؤال احيانا.
+ ملف ذكرت كارزما كثير من اسئلتهم الترم الماضي جت منه

* ملزمة من تنسيق دوريمي غير مترجمة 40 صفحة ذاكرت منها خطها أصغر و أهم شي قليلة

مشكوره بس ممكن تكملين شرح او علي الاقل تعطينا الاسْله علي كل محاضره استفدت من شرح للمحاضرت الاوله واسْله المرجعه عليها

[مرفا]

لو سمحتوا احد يفيدني هل الروم هم اللاتينين

[أم رغد 2012]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة مرفا

لو سمحتوا احد يفيدني هل الروم هم اللاتينين

أيوا الروم هم نفسهم اللاتينيين

[x5666x]

ام رغد احتاج الاسئله الاختبارات محلوله علي كل محاضره تكمله لمجهود الاخت ممكن تزدني بها ماحصلتها والماده شايل همها 3 ساعات

[Against Gravity]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة x5666x

مشكوره بس ممكن تكملين شرح او علي الاقل تعطينا الاسْله علي كل محاضره استفدت من شرح للمحاضرت الاوله واسْله المرجعه عليها

فيه اسئلة مراجعة بالصفحات الأولى لحد المحاضرة 6
وانا شخصيا محاضرة 5 و 6 ذاكرت بس اسئلة المراجعة والكويزات
لانها كثيرة وكلام دش وصدعت منها

وبقية المحاضرات اسئلة ابو بكر وعيوش مراجعة لكل محاضرة

بكمل شرح اقتبسته من تجمعات سابقة الله يجزاهم خير
ان شاء الله يفيدك لاني حسيت مااحد تفاعل مع شرحي


وهذي اسئلة جات من اختبارات سابقة على الثلاث محاضرات الاولى

المحاضرة الاولى

(30) Why is Western literature and criticism connected to classical Greek and Roman cultures?

A. They share the same taste in literature

B. They share the same religion

C. Western literature is a recreation, a revival of classical literature

D. Western literature borrows mythology from the literature of classical antiquity

1/ “[A] man who follows another not only finds nothing; he is not even looking.” .. who is say it :

a-Horace

b-Quintilian

c-Seneca

2/ “Captive Greece took its wild conqueror captive”..who is say it:

a-Horace

b-Quintilian

c-Seneca

3/ what is famous dialogue by Plato:

a-the Republic

b-Poetics

c-Political

-The West's relationship with Greece and Rome is :
A- Full of contradictions and ambivalence
B- Simple and straightforward
C- Unknown
D- Beautiful

-The Romans so desperately wanted to imitate the Greeks and so constantly failed to match them because :
A- The Romans did not read and write
B- The Romans did not have translators
C- Imitation cannot produce originality
D- The Romans were bad imitators

-Western drama, poetry, literary criticism, art, education, politics, fashion, architecture, painting, sculpture were ALL produced in imitation of
A- French literature
B- Classical Antiquity
C- Latin American culture

D- Arabic and Islamic culture

The Romans were :
A- Simple, rural and uncultivated people
B- Sophisticated and literary people
C- Multilingual
D- Unable to read and write

المحاضره الثانية

(31) Roman writers felt inferior to Greek culture because:

A. The Greeks had a bigger empire

B. The Greek culture was easy to understand

C. Roman was superior to Greece militarily, but inferior culturally

D. It was easier to become famous in Greece than in Rome

with strecturalism literary crticism developms the ambition to study literature frome
a-striclly literary perspective
b-striclly scientific perspective
c-striclly potic perspective
d-striclly marxist

42-According to Richard Mabark, European writers knew Greek works :
A- Directly by reading them
B- From Arabic translations
C- By hiring Greek translators
D- Only through the praise of ( Roman ) Latin authors

المحاضره الثالثة

(34) Who made the distinction between Mimesis and Diegesis?

A. Plato

B. Cicero

C. Aristotle

D. Ibn Rushd

(35) Why did Plato ban the poet from the city?

A. He was jealous

B. He doesn't like entertainment

C. Poetry cripples the mind

D. Poetry is not good for health

(36) "And narration," says Plato, can proceed by:

A. Imitation

B. Narration

C. Imitation or narration or a mixture of the two

D. By indirect speech

(37) Plato analyzed poetry as an imitation in his dialogue.

A. Phaedrus

B. Sophist

C. Ian

D. Republic

-The Greek term for "art" and its Latin equivalent (ars) refer to :
A- The fine arts
B- The sciences
C- The crafts
D- All kinds of human activities which we would call crafts or sciences


-Mimesis-Diegesis is a literary distinction that was first formulated by :
A- Shakespeare
B- Aristotle
C- Quinintilian
D- Plato


-Without a system of writing, how does a society preserve and transmit its knowledge, its customs and its traditions ?
A- They hire writers from another society
B- They use poetry and songs
C- They use videotape
D- They use word of mouth


-Which critics said: "And narration may either simple narration, or imitation, or a secured of the two" ?
A- Ibn Rushd
B- Aristotle
C- Horace
D- Plato

[Against Gravity]

المحاضرة السابعة
ركزووووا جدا فيها لانها مهمه وجا اسئلة كثيرة منها

بسم الله نبدأ


التشكيل الروسيRussian Formalism
تعريفه
انها منح دراسية ادبية وجدت في روسيا في القرن 20th
A school of literary scholarship that originated and flourished in Russia in the second decade of the 20th

اختصوا فقط في الشعر
Formalist located literary meaning in the pome (poetry)

the Russian formalist want to-->develop the literary

مهممم
Modern Russian Poetry
لــRoman Jakobson

-----------------------------------------------------
نتائج الحركة الروسية التشكيلية
A Product of the Russian Revolution

*كانو ينظروا للادب الرومانسي من منظور ديني
Russia romanticized literature and viewed literature from a religious perspective.

*شجعوا دراسة الادب من ناحية العلم والموضوعية---(مهم جا باختبارات سابقة)
The formalist perspective encouraged the study of literature from an objective and scientific lens

----------------------------------------------------
أهم نقاد الحركة الروسية التشكيلية:
(ذكر اسامي بس ع اعتقادي مو للحفظ ونكتفي باللي هذكرهم بعد شوي))

هالنقاد جعلو خصوصية واستقلالية للغة الشعرية والأدب
These names revolutionized literary criticism between 1914 and the 1930s by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature.

-------------------------------------------------
لم تهتم التشكيلية بــ:
Formalists are not interested in:

-نفسيةوسيرة حياة الكاتب
The psychology and biography of the author.

-الكاتب والقارئ ليسوم مهمين
people (i.e., author, reader) are not important

-رفضو التعاريف التقليدية للادب
the Formalists rejected traditional definitions of literature.

-------------------------------------------------
نرجع ونتكلم عن Roman Jakobson
اللي قلنا عنه انه صاحب Modern Russian Poetry ...اصحوااا

هالشخص جا وقال:
انه المنح الادبية لا تقتصر فقط عالادب...وانما هي قطعه ادبية ومن هنا جا تعريف القطعه الادبية(literariness'),
The subject of literary scholarship is not literature in its totality but= literariness'),

وقال انه وظائف التواصل لازم ان تقلل الى الادنى
---مهممممممممم-----communicative function should e reduce to minimum

____________________________________________
اللغة مقابل الشعر....مهم وجا باختبارات سابقة)
Poetic vs. Ordinary Language
التشكيلية الروسية فرقت بين اللغة والشعر
وقالوا ان الادب نموذج خاص من اللغة
Russian Formalists argued that Literature was a specialized mode of language
-------------------------------------------------------
اللغة مقابل المحتوى.مهم وجا باختبارات سابقة)
Form vs. Content

ايضا رفضوا التقاليد في التقسيم بين الشكل والمحتوى
rejected the traditional dichotomy of form vs. content
جا في اختبارات سابقة

وبالنسبة لهم ان اشعر ليس مجرد قافية وجناس وانما هو نوع من الخطاب المتكامل المختلف عن النثر والمتسلسل هرميا
is an integrated type of discourse, qualitatively different from prose, with a hierarchy of elements and internal laws of its own

-------------------------------------
القصة مقابل الحبكة
Plot vs. Story
الاحداث تعبر عن القصة
والتسلسل يعبر عن الحبكة
The events the work relates (the story) from
the sequence in which those events are presented in the work (the plot).
------------------------------------
Literariness القطعه الادبية
((اللي هوا مثل ماذكرنا طلعها ....م هقول عدتها مرتين لو مركزين بتعرفون لانه مهم

المهم ذا الشخص جا Jan Mukarovsky وقال انه القطعة الادبية هي كحد اقصى من القدرة على ابراز النص والكلام
Jan Mukarovsky, consists in “the maximum of foregrounding of the utterance,
---مهم وجا اختبارات سابقة---

________________________________
ركزوا اكثر لانه هنتكلم عن شخصيات مهمه.. صحصحوا
----------------------------------------------

1- Shklovsky's صاحبDefamiliarization والتي تعني Making Strange
----------------------------------------------
2-Vladimir Propp's صاحب Morphology of the Folktale
Folktale تعني القصص الخرافية fairytale
تتكون من
*31.Functions
*broad character types,7
مهم واجا باختبارات سابقة-
---------------------------------------------
كل الشخصيات مهمه في هالمحاضرة وجت عليهم اسئلة

[Against Gravity]

اسئلة عيوش

lecture 7 part1

what is The Russian Formalist Movement ?
A school of literary scholarship that originated and flourished in Russia

2) when did they flourish?
the second decade of the 20th century (1920’s)

3)when were they suppressed ?
in the 1930’s

4)who was it championed by ?
unorthodox philologists and literary historians

5) give examples of people who championed the Russian formalist movement ?
Boris Eichenbaum, Roman Jakobson, Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Tomashevsky, and Yuri Tynyanov

6) what were its centres?
the Moscow Linguistic Circle founded in 1915
the Petrograd Society for the Study of Poetic Language (Opoyaz) formed in 1916

7) what was Opoyaz?
Petrograd Society for the Study of Poetic Language

8)Their project were stated in what books?
Poetics: Studies in the Theory of Poetic Language (1919)
Modern Russian Poetry (1921)

9) who wrote Modern Russian Poetry?
Modern Russian Poetry

10)when did the Bolshevik Revolution happen?
1917

11)how did Russia view literature Prior to 1917 ?
it romanticized literature and viewed literature from a religious perspective

12) what happened After 1917?
literature began to be observed and analyzed

13) what did the formalist perspective encourage?
the study of literature from an objective and scientific lens

14)who labeled the Opoyaz group as the "formalist"
its opponents

15)what did the Opoyaz group prefer to be called ?
the "morphological" approach or “specifiers”

16) who ere the most Important Formalist Critics?
Viktor Shklovsky, Yuri Tynianov, Vladimir Propp, Boris Eichenbaum, Roman Jakobson, Boris Tomashevsky, Grigory Gukovsky

17) These names revolutionized literary criticism between when and when ?
between 1914 and the 1930s

18) how did they do that ?
by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature

19)Russian formalism exerted a major influence on thinkers like who?
Mikhail Bakhtin and Yuri Lotman

20)the formalist project had two objectives , what were they ?
The emphasis on the literary work and its component parts
The autonomy of literary scholarship

21) Formalism wanted to solve what ?
the methodological confusion which prevailed in traditional literary studies

22)what did they want to establish?
literary scholarship as a distinct and autonomous field of study

23) formalists were not interested in what ?

The psychology and biography of the author.
The religious, moral, or political value of literature.
The symbolism in literature.
Formalism strives to force literary or artwork to stand on its own
people (i.e., author, reader) are not important
the Formalists rejected traditional definitions of literature. They had a deep-seated distrust of psychology.
They rejected the theories that locate literary meaning in the poet rather than the poem – the theories that invoke a "faculty of mind" conducive to poetic creation.
They had little use for all the talk about "intuition," "imagination," "genius," and the like


24) in the subject of literature it was necessary to the formalists to do what ?
to narrow down the definition of literature

25) who said "The subject of literary scholarship is not literature in its totality but literariness (literaturnost'), i.e., that which makes of a given work a work of literature.” ?
Roman Jakobson

26) who said "The literary scholar ought to be concerned solely with the inquiry into the distinguishing features of the literary materials.” ?
Eichenbaum

27) Russian Formalists argued that Literature was what ?
a specialized mode of language

28) what did they purpose?
fundamental opposition between the literary (or poetic) use of language and the ordinary (practical) use of language

29)Ordinary language aims at what?
communicating a message by reference to the world outside the message

30)Literature was what ?
a specialized mode of language. It does not aim at communicating a message and its reference is not to the world but to itself.

31)Literariness, according to Jan Mukarovsky, consists in what ?
“the maximum of foregrounding of the utterance,”

32) what is “the maximum of foregrounding of the utterance”?
the foregrounding of “the act of expression, the act of speech itself.”

33) what does to foreground mean?
to bring into high prominence.

34) what is the result of backgrounding the referential aspect of language ?
poetry makes the words themselves palpable as phonic sounds

35) By foreground its linguistic medium the primary aim of literature is what ?
is to estrange or defamiliarize or make strange

36) who said is to estrange or defamiliarize or make strange ?
Victor Shklovsky




:



lecture 7 part 2

1)Literature “makes strange” ordinary perception and ordinary language and invites the reader to do what ?
explore new forms of perceptions and sensations, and new ways of relating to language

2) where did Shklovsky's key terms, "making strange," "dis-automatization," receive wide currency ?
in the writings of the Russian Formalists.

3)who claimed that in poetry "the communicative function is reduced to a minimum.” ?
Jakobson

4) how did Shklovsky speak of poetry ?
as a "dance of articulatory organs.”

5)Formalism rejected the traditional dichotomy of what?
form vs. content

6)who said "cuts a work of art into two halves: a crude content and a superimposed, purely external form.” ?
Wellek and Warren

7)to the Formalist, verse is not merely a matter of external embellishment such as meter bur what ?

It is an integrated type of discourse, qualitatively different from prose, with a hierarchy of elements and internal laws of its own

8)plot/story is a Formalist concept that distinguishes between what?
The events the work relates (the story) from
the sequence in which those events are presented in the work (the plot).

9) Both concepts help describe what?
the significance of the form of a literary work in order to define its "literariness


10)what makes something art to begin with ?
form

11) what must you focus on in order to understand a work of art as a work of art ?
on its form

12) what was one of the most influential Formalist contributions to the theory of fiction ?
the study in comparative folklore

13)who studied fairy-tale stories and established character types and events associated with them
Propp

14) what did Propp call the events?
function

15)how many functions were there ?
31

16) Propp developed a theory of character and established how many?
7 broad character types

17) what were the 31 functions ?

1. Absentation: One of the members of a family absents himself from home (or is dead).
2. An interdiction is addressed to the hero.
3. [Violation The interdiction is violated.
4. Reconnaissance: The villain makes an attempt at reconnaissance.
5. Delivery: The villain receives information about his victim.
6. Trickery: The villain attempts to deceive his victim in order to take possession of him or his belongings.
7. Complicity: The victim submits to deception and thereby unwittingly helps his enemy.
8. Villainy or Lack: The villain causes harm or injury to a member of a family (“villainy) or one member of a family either lacks something or desires to have something (“lack”).
9. Mediation: Misfortune or lack is made known; the hero is approached with a request or a command; he is allowed to go or he is dis*****ed.
10: Counteraction: The seeker agrees or decides upon counteraction.
11. Departure: The hero leaves home
12. First Function of the Donor: The hero is tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares the way for his receiving either a magical agent or a helper.
13. Hero’s Reaction: The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor.
14. Receipts of Magical Agent: The hero acquires the use of a magical agent.
15. Guidance: The hero is transferred, delivered, or led to the whereabouts of
an object of search.
16. Struggle: The hero and the villain join in direct combat.
17. [Branding The hero is branded.
18. Victory: The villain is defeated.
19. Liquidation: The initial misfortune or lack is liquidated.
20. Return: The hero returns.
21. Pursuit: The hero is pursued.
22. Rescue: The rescue of the hero from pursuit.
23: Unrecognized Arrival: The hero, unrecognized, arrives home or in another country.
24. Unfounded Claims: A false hero presents unfounded claims.
25. Difficult Task: A difficult task is proposed to the hero.
26. Solution: The task is resolved.
27. Recognition: The hero is recognized.
28. Exposure: The false hero or villain is exposed.
29. Transfiguration: The hero is given a new appearance.
30. Punishment: The villain is punished.
31. Wedding: The hero is married and ascends the throne.

18) what were the 8 broad character types in the 100 tales Propp analyzed ?

1. The villain — struggles against the hero.
2. The dis*****er — character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off.
3. The (magical) helper — helps the hero in their quest.
4. The princess or prize — the hero deserves her throughout the story but is unable to marry her because of an unfair evil, usually because of the villain. The hero's journey is often ended when he marries the princess, thereby beating the villain
5. Her father — gives the task to the hero, identifies the false hero, marries the hero, often sought for during the narrative. Propp noted that functionally, the princess and the father cannot be clearly distinguished.
6. The donor — prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object.
7. The hero or victim/seeker hero — reacts to the donor, weds the princess.
8. False hero — takes credit for the hero’s actions or tries to marry the princess


19) Formalist School was credited even by its adversaries, such as?
Russian critic Yefimov

20) Russian formalism gave rise to what school ?
the Prague school of structuralism

21) when?
in the mid-1920s

22) who did they provide a model for?
the literary wing of French structuralism in the 1960s and 1970s

23) All contemporary schools of criticism owe a debt to ?
Russian Formalism

Literary Criticism (أسئلة شامله للمنهج )#7

النقد الادبي لayosha م7 part1
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11506

النقد الادبي لayosha م7 part2
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11504

[Against Gravity]

اسئلة اختبارات سابقة من المحاضرة 7
طبعا مو معناته بقية المحاضرة غير مهم ، بالعكس كلها مهمة


-Formalists located literary meaning in :
A- The poet
B- The poem
C- The figures of speech
D- The impact of the poem on the reader


-Formalists proposed to make a distinction :
A- Between prose and poetry
B- Between ancient and modern poetry
C- Between poetic language and ordinary language
D- Between Russian poetic language and English poetic language


-In literary criticism, formalism is the attempt to make the study of literature :
A- Formal and serious
B- Scientific and objective
C- Fun and entertaining
D- Educational and interesting


The aim of Russian Formalism was :
A- To encourage Russians to write more literature
B- To establish formalism as a respectable school of literary criticism
C- To establish literary scholarship as a distinct and autonomous field of study
D- To show the relevance of linguistic theory to the study of liiterature



-"Literariness," according to Jan Mukarovsky, consists in :
A- The maximum of foregrounding of the utterance
B- The minimum of foregrounding of the utterance
C- The maximum of backgrounding of the utterance
D- The minimum of backgrounding of the utterance

-In poetry, said Jakobson, the communicative function should be :
A- Reduce to minimum
B- Increased to a maximum
C- Completely eliminated
D- Used moderately

-Vladimir Propp tested his theories on :
A- Renaissance drama
B- American short stories
C- English novels
D- Russian fairytales

[Against Gravity]

أهم النقاط بالمحاضرة الثامنة

بالمرفقات

[Against Gravity]

كويزات محاضرة 8


ايضا كويز حفيدة شاعر لاسئلة ابوبكر،، وعيوشه جزاهم الله خيرا

النقد الادبي- المحاضرة الثامنة

النقد الادبي لayosha م8 part1
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11501

النقد الادبي لayosha م8 part2
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11502