مرآجعة مدخل إلى اللغويات ( للاختبار النهائي) :: هنا ::

[السالفة مليون]

[susanّ ♥]

[خـاطري حساس]

انا للحين فــ المحاضرة ال2

[Dawn]

خلصت المحاضرة 6

واطلعت على اسئلتك " الساحر " المضافة وكلها عال العال

[كلي حركتآت..!]

,‘

حآلنآ كئيب ههههههه

آلسسآحر حلووه آلأسئله بحفظهآ وأتوكل

لآتحززني ننتظررك وآلله للحين مآبديت بشي مضيعه

هذا رابط الساحر به مفردات .. عاد تنحفظ والا تنوكل والله مدري

http://www.4shared.com/dir/37899226/...l/sharing.html
انتي عدي للعشره واختاري ,, ماعندي اجابه متورط اوووي

مو أنآ شفتهم عندي بس مآشوف أحد جآب طآريهم قلت يمكن مآلهم دآعي

وبعد كأنهم كثير مآلي خلق أحفظهم

[susanّ ♥]

لآتحححزنيَ ويييييينجَ

مو عآإرفه وشَ فيهآ آلمحآضره آلآولىَ

[البريئة2]

Displacement:
التحدث عن الماضي والمستقبل الى جانب الحاضر الامر الذي لا يستطيعه الحيوانات عدا النحل

Arbitrariness
العلاقة بين الاشارات الصوتية ومعانيها مختلق عدا الاصوات التي تبدو صدى للطبيعة فهي اقل اختلاقية
الحيوانات Non- arbitrariness

[ملكة زمآني]

وآنآ ذآكرت آلمآده وهي ممتعهَ

بسسَ تعتمدِ ع حفظِ آلتعآريف وآلمصطلحآت وترى آلآسئله آللي بآلمحتوىِ حق كل محآضره مفيده مره

وآلآهمِ آلتركييزِ

بآلتوفيقِ وربي يوووووفقنآ ونجيب كلنآإ فل مآإركِ

[~بسمة وفا~]

آحم

شخبـآركم وكيف اللغويآت معكم

وآنا آذآكر شفت شي وقلت أقولكم عليـه ..

بالأسئلة اللي حطهـآ أخوي ـآلسـآحر كان حله لها السؤل كذا :

One or more consonants followed by a rhyme is called________ .
A. the onset B. the nucleus
C. syllable D. the coda

وفي محاضرة 6 شريحة 8 مكتوب تحت
A. Onset :

one or more consonants followed by a rhyme

والسؤال هذآ موجود رقم 10 شريحة 12 محاضرة 6 ..

فمفروض بناءً ع الكلام الموجود فـ المحتوى اللي حطيته لكم الإختيار يكون A

صح ؟

[sway]

سوري ع التأخير ::
Lecture 1 :
The origins of language :
n Darwin’s vision [ Early humans developed musical ability before language and were using it to charm each other ]
n No one is sure or knows exactly how language originated because of :
- the absence of direct physical evidence or artifacts related to our ancestors .

§ The ability to produce sound and simple vocal patterns ( a hum, Shsh, grunt,…. ) by humans is not considered as human language.
§ spoken language develop between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago .
§ Written language is believed to develop 50,000 years ago.
§ The different between language & a language.
§ - Language refers to human languages in general
§ - A language refers to a specific language
First sourse :
The Divine Source::
· In most religions, there appears to be a divine source who provides humans with language.
§ The basic hypothesis [ If human infants were allowed to grow up without hearing any language, they would spontaneously begin using the original god-given language]
§ Psamtik( an Egyptian Pharoh ) His experiment [ Two newborn babies were isolated for two years except the company of goats and mute shepherd .he said that Phrygian must be the original language .
§ Phrygian = An older language spoken in part of modern Turkey
§ James; the 4th said that in same experiment that the children began speaking “ Hebrew”, the language of the Garden of Eden.
§ If young children were living without access to human language , they’d grow with no language at all.
§ if human language did emanate from a divine source, we have no way of reconstructing that original language.

Second source ::
The Natural Sound Source::

The basic idea of Natural sound source:
· early people imitated the natural sounds they heard around them .
· All modern languages have some words with pronunciations that seem to echo sounds that occur naturally .
· - Bow-Wow Theory: Words with pronunciations that seem to echo sounds that occur naturally)

Onomatopoeia: Words that sound similar to the noises they describe “ hiss, Shsh, ouch, …
- Interjections : sounds produced with sudden intake breath such as “ ouch!, ah!, wow!, Yuck”.

Third source ::
The Social Interaction Source
“Yo-he-ho” theory”: The person’s sounds involved in physical effort and several people could be the source of our language where the interactions had to be coordinated.

· A group of people develop a set of hums, grunts, groans and curses when working ]
· Apes and primates live in social groups and use grunts and special social calls, but haven’t developed the capacity for speech.

4th source ::
The Social Interaction Source ::
people had to live in groups , and had principled and organized communication.

· - Apeslive in social groups and use grunts and special social calls, but haven’t developed the capacity for speech.

5th source :
The Physical Adaptation Source ::
This view concerns the physical features that humans possess which are different from other creatures and relevant for speech production.

· Human teeth:: [ not useful for ripping or tearing food but suitable for chewing.. making f & v ]
· Human lips:: flexible …p & b.
· Human tongue [ It is small, thicker and can be used to shape a wide variety of sound
· Human larynx or voice box :: It contains the vocal cords or vocal folds .
· Human Pharynx :: it is above the vocal cords .

6th source :
The Tool-Making Source ::
- The human brain is lateralized. That means each hemisphere or part of the brain dominates or has specialized functions .
· there is a connection between the language- using and tool-using abilities .
· humans produce single noises to indicate objects in their environment.

7th source ::
The genetic Source::
· The baby’s brain is only a quarter of its normal weight
· - The larynx is much higher in the throat


- Innateness Hypothesis :: means that human offspring are born with genetically innate capacity for language.
- There is a special “ language gene” that only humans possess.