[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : l|][Ξ¯▪ Last Year 1st Semester ▪¯Ξ][|

[حلمي كبير]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة never give up

بنات دكتوره اميمه قالت ان الاختبار الاسبوع الجاي ولا ؟
مكتوب بالجدول اللي بالموقع انه قبل الاجازه بس بمحاضرتها اليوم ماتكلمت عنه ابد

ماجابت طاري ولا أكدت , بليز بنات اللي عندهم يوم الثلثاء يسألونها

[حلمي كبير]

ذا بروتريت أوف آ ليدي لهنري جيمس مترجمة

بصيغة pdf

رابطين على الميديا فاير

الرابط الأول : للجزء الأول 1-27

http://www.mediafire.com/?67mbedk52xxsp7a#2

الرابط الثاني : الجزء الثاني 28-55

http://www.mediafire.com/?67pc0aqo8sqh4u6

[asbab15]

بنات الي تعرف وقت امتحان الشعر بكره بليز تقول لي ؟
موفقين ان شاء الله

[J A M I L A H]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة حلمي كبير

ماجابت طاري ولا أكدت , بليز بنات اللي عندهم يوم الثلثاء يسألونها

أبشششري

[M.A.S]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة حلمي كبير

سؤالين :
1- تكلمي عن أهمية الموقع الأستراتيجي للعالم الأسلامي .

2- عوامل الضعف .

تذكرين النقاط وتكتبين كم سطر عليها علشان يبين انك فاهمة

اهاا .. شكرراً
يعني ماله داعي نحفظ الدش والكلام هذا كله

[Re Re]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة asbab15

بنات الي تعرف وقت امتحان الشعر بكره بليز تقول لي ؟
موفقين ان شاء الله

الصباح 8 تأكدي ...!!
لان سنه ثالثه 11-12
ورابعه من 8 بس تأكدي احسن

[Angelica]

Anthem for Doomed youth

اللي عندها شرح هذي القصيده ترسلياها , هي الوحيده اللي ناقصتني

[Fanorita]

the darkling thrush

plz help me in this poem I were absent and cant understand it

[Angel Eye]

سلاام ..

قروب المقال اليوم كلكم سويتو برزنتيشن ولا باقي في بنات ما سوو؟؟؟

[Angelica]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة Fanorita

the darkling thrush

plz help me in this poem I were absent and cant understand it

The Darkling Thrush
Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy is a novelist. He was born in 1840 in Dorset, England. He had an early education. His mother was well educated and had a great background of reading in classics and literature. He became an apprentice for a local architect at the age of 16. Then he moved to London in 1862 and became a student at King’s College and won prizes, but he never felt at home in London or had a normal life.
He returned to Dorset and met the woman whom he loved and married. Unfortunately, she died and after that he married his secretary in his architect career 1914. However, he did not have children.
He started his career by writing novels. He wrote novels for most of his life, but then towards the end of his life when he started to go older, he started writing poetry.
As a novelist, his first novel was a complete failure, but this did not stop him from pursuing his writing career. He produced many successful works. His first successful novel was Under Greenwood Tree.
When he was indulged in writing, he abandoned architecture and he devoted his time for his literary achievements. In his writings, he was interested in portraying the kinds of rural life. At the same time, he was interested in studying the psychology of man. With these two later concepts in his life, he saw Man is struggling in life and how the environmental forces are facing Man.
When he started writing poetry, he concentrated on writing poems only. He wrote a thousand poems. There was an impact of architecture on his literary creation. Architecture helped him in forming and designing his poem. It was influential for him as a poet to form his poems like meter and form. He made a kind of parallelism between his work and architect. They are two different fields, but he found some kind of parallelism as each one helping the other. He was influenced by architect in its spontaneity and richness.
In his poetry, he was interested in the “Evils of society and poverty” and “Ills of society” like prostitution, “Working class” and etc. He was also interested in Promises that are unfulfilled as well as other fields and clashes in society.
Technically, as an architect, he was really interested in experimentation and this was one of the characteristics of modern poetry. Experimentation was in the technicality of verse and in coining new words and using new compounds.
Hardy was always described by critics as a pessimist, but he does not consider himself as a pessimist, as he considered himself as an evolutionary meliorist because he was thinking of the improvement of society.
The Darkling Thrush
I leant upon a coppice gate
When Frost was spectre-gray,
And Winter’s dregs made desolate
The weakening eye of day.
The tangled bine-stems scored the sky
Like strings of broken lyres,
And all mankind that haunted nigh
Had sought their household fires.

The land’s sharp features seemed to be
The Century’s corpse outleant,
His crypt the cloudy canopy,
The wind his death-lament.
The ancient pulse of germ and birth
Was shrunken hard and dry,
And every spirit upon earth
Seemed fervourless as I.

At once a voice arose among
The bleak twigs overhead
In a full-hearted evensong
Of joy illimited;
An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small,
In blast-beruffled plume,
Had chosen thus to fling his soul
Upon the growing gloom.

So little cause for carolings
Of such ecstatic sound
Was written on terrestrial things
Afar or nigh around,
That I could think there trembled through
His happy good-night air
Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew
And I was unaware

The poem was written in the 31st in 1900. It is a very significant poem that discusses the transitional time he has been through.

Analysis

Stanza 1:
I leant upon a coppice gate
When Frost was spectre-gray,
And Winter’s dregs made desolate
The weakening eye of day.
The tangled bine-stems scored the sky
Like strings of broken lyres,
And all mankind that haunted nigh
Had sought their household fires.

There is a gloomy atmosphere here. The time in the poem is at the end of the day. There is a gray color imagery here which shows gloominess. The “weakening eye of the day” is the end of the day or the sunset, because the eye of the day is the sun. It is the season of winter which is the symbol of death.
There is a romantic reference to the lyre (قيثارة). It is proper lyre, but a broken one. It is an indication of the end. It is not only the end of the day, but also the end of the year (winter). The speaker here is recollecting memories in his solitude in nature. He was leaning upon the coppice in a state of meditation.
Frost is a thin layer of ice. It was gray in colour like a ghost which is a metaphor.
This is a gloomy atmosphere. It was written on the 31st of December. It is almost the end of winter or the frost year. Pine trees have sharp stems. The stems are tangled (متشابكة) and bare. They are strong and can stand against the difficult weather. There is simile here; these pine stems are like broken strings of lyre which is a romantic reference. Everyone is sitting at his warm home and ‘nigh’ is an archaic word for night.
In the first stanza, the speaker here establishes the natural setting. He establishes the time which is the weakening eye of the day, the end of the year and at the same time the end of the century. All came connected together with a solitary speaker who is alone and recollecting memories at the edge of the woods.
There is visual imagery and observations which are very emotional. They reflect the speaker’s own emotions. The use of past tense (I leant) is very significant as he seems recording his visual observation about the end. He mentions his feelings that he experiences at this moment. He is watching the end of the day, at the same time the end of the year and at the same time the end of the century. It is a moment of recollecting memories of the past and at the same time, the fear of the future of what is going to happen later.
Stanza 2:
The land’s sharp features seemed to be
The Century’s corpse outleant,
His crypt the cloudy canopy,
The wind his death-lament.
The ancient pulse of germ and birth
Was shrunken hard and dry,
And every spirit upon earth
Seemed fervourless as I.

There is a terrible and terrifying vision in this stanza. There are corps, death lament and also we have a moment of birth. It is a death of an era and a birth of a new one. All the natural soundings in front of him like the tree and the gray snow are like a dead body ready to be buried or a corpse ready to be put in a coffin. Nature with all its features like a mountain, tree, sunset, ground and gray frost are like the century’s corpse is stretched or laid and ready to be buried. Crypt is a room under the ground for burying people. The sky is like canopy means the cover of dead body and the dead body is the land.
The one who is lamenting and crying upon the death of nature is the wind. It is blowing as if it is singing the song of lament upon the death of earth. This is the moment of death and at the same time is a moment of birth; death of century and birth of another. The developing of ‘germ and birth’ is the development of a new century. The 19th century is dying and the 20th is born. It is a moment of rebirth and resurrection of a new life. There is a religious connotation here. The pulse is a reference of life like the pulse of heart. This old pulse is the rhythm of life.
Here in these two lines, the earth is dying in winter season and spring which is the season of rebirth, comes after the winter. This day is ending and a new day comes. This year is ending and a new one is beginning. This century is ending, and a new century is beginning also. This is a process of rebirth. At the end, the speaker is stunned by the terrible vision. There is a contrast between fear and hope. All of these feelings are clashing inside the speaker’s mind at this moment of time. At the first stanza, it started by a natural setting, then there is a kind of vision.

Third Stanza:
At once a voice arose among
The bleak twigs overhead
In a full-hearted evensong
Of joy illimited;
An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small,
In blast-beruffled plume,
Had chosen thus to fling his soul
Upon the growing gloom.

In the third stanza, all of this deadly scene: the dying nature, the end of the day and the flowing river, we have a voice of thrash which is a small bird has a sharp sound. Out of this deadly atmosphere, we have a sound of a bird which sounds like a universal hope. Twigs are small branches of the trees and bushes. The bird is over head which means that it is not seen, but was heard.
First, there was a sad voice of wind lamenting, but here it is a voice of hope. There is a kind of a hope for the future. Here, there is a song of hope. The bird here sings in a full hearted, great power and energy. Even it is a sound of a thrush and sharp sound, the use of voice is as if there is a survivor or a human being. There is a sense of rebirth.
There is another idea is given about this bird which is being old, dying, but out of death there is rebirth. It could symbolically represent him. The description of the bird is that it is weak, not beautiful or attractive. However, it was able to sing that song of hope. It was like an explosion. His weak body does not prevent him from singing a very explosive kind of song. It maybe its last song with his ‘beruffled’ feathers, but it was a song of hope. It had the free will. It did not die with everything that was dying. It has chosen to sing. It is the power of hope. The song is a kind of a universal hope among the dying atmosphere. He was the single hope for the natural dying atmosphere. The bird refers to the poet himself who is old and weak, and wishing a hopeful future.
There is a development from the first stanza of the dying natural, gloomy atmosphere, desolate setting of winter, the pine tree, end of the day, year and century. Then in the second stanza, there is a terrible vision of the corpse which is the dying earth like dead body, and then there is a rebirth coming from a bird’s sound which is a sound of hope of a rebirth of a new day, year and century.

Fourth Stanza:
So little cause for carolings
Of such ecstatic sound
Was written on terrestrial things
Afar or nigh around,
That I could think there trembled through
His happy good-night air
Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew
And I was unaware
The speaker here is sad and afraid of the death of the century. There is a usage of present continuous. There is no reason for the bird to celebrate with such a strong powerful voice. There are no reasons to celebrate as the nature was dying. There were no flowers to celebrate. This is the end of the day which is not time for the bird to celebrate. ‘Colorings’ are the enjoying sounds. The sound of the bird was full of energy, full of joy and full of excitement. The sound is so symbolic and so powerful that it affected all what is around the speaker.
The speaker who was distressed, unhappy, weak and gloomy in a way could not feel hope because he was so depressed. He is unaware of hope. This is irony.

Themes of the poem:

- Death
- Rebirth
- Hope
- Pain and sense of remorse, because this bird has a kind of hope, but man unfortunately does feel, that is why he has this feeling of remorse.

Comment:

In the first and second stanza, the poet is speaking from outside. He is an observer. He observes the landscape around him in addition to a dying century. He presented a dramatization of the idea of positive opposites to the negativity of death as what comes out of death is a rebirth. He represents the positive which is opposite to the negativity of death. After winter dies, there is a rebirth of spring season and when the day dies, there is a rebirth of a new day and a new century. Those are the positive opposites of the negativity of death.

Techniques:

The poem is written in four stanzas. Each stanza is 8 lines. He used ballad stanza which is four lines so each stanza of the poem is composed of two ballads. The meter is irregular and here we have what is called ‘Hymn meter’.
Hardy depended on auditory and visual images a lot. His meter is irregular, but he used a kind of run-on lines which do not end with punctuation. Each stanza depends on the previous and next stanza, so there is a continuous dramatization of the poem. He did not use a nightingale, but a thrash which is a very funny choice as it was a very tiny bird but has a very strong voice, so the choice was significant.
Many critics compared between this poem and the “Ode to the Nightingale” as Keats was talking also about a bird and he listens to the singing of the bird which makes him forgets about the troubles of the world.