ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã

ÇáÚæÏÉ   ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã > .: ÓÜÇÍÜÉ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ (ÇáÇäÊÓÇÈ):. > ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá > ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ > ÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ > E7
ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáßæíÒÇÊÅÖÇÝÉ ßæíÒãæÇÚíÏ ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáÊÚáíãÜÜÜÇÊ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ  

E7 English Literature Students level seven Forum

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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #141
ѕυℓтαη
ãÊãíÒ ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ _ÞÓã ÇáÃäÌáÔ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
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ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
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ѕυℓтαη ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÇÈÏÇÚíå ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáäÙÑí


ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÈÚÉ



What Is Oratory?


An Oratory Is An Elaborate And Prepared Speech. It Is The Art Of Swaying An Audience By Eloquent Speech.

Ýä ÇáÎØÇÈÉ åæ ßáÇã ãÌåÒ æãÏÑæÓ . åæ Ýä íÍÑß ÇáÌãåæÑ ÈÇáßáÇã ÇáÈáíÛ

In Ancient Greece And Rome Oratory Was Included Under The Term Rhetoric

ÇáÎØÇÈÉ ÇáÅÛÑíÞíÉ æÇáÑæãÇäíÉ ÃÏÑÌÊ ÊÍÊ ãÕØáÍ ÇáÈáÇÛÉ

Oratory First Appeared In The Law Courts Of Athens And Soon Became Important In All Areas Of Life

Ýä ÇáÎØÇÈÉ ÙåÑÊ ááãÑÉ ÇáÃæáì Ýí ãÍÇßã ÇáÞÇäæä Ýí ÃËíäÇ æÓÑÚÇä ãÇ ÕÈÍÊ åÇãÉ Ýí ÌãíÚ ãÌÇáÇÊ ÇáÍíÇÉ

Classic Rome's Great Orators Were Cato The Elder, Mark Antony, And Cicero

ÃÑÞì ÚÙãÇÁ ÑæãÇ ßÇäæÇ ÇáÃÚÙã ãÇÑß ÃäÊæäí ¡ æÔíÔÑæä

Rhetoric Was Included In The Medieval Liberal Arts Curriculum. In Subsequent Centuries Oratory Was Utilized In Three Main Areas Of Public Life—Politics, Religion, And Law.

ÇáÎØÇÈÉ ÃÏÑÌÊ Ýí Ýäæä ÍÑÉ Ýí ÇáãäåÌ ÇáÏÑÇÓí Ýí ÇáÞÑæä ÇáæÓØì . Ýí ÇáÞÑæä ÇááÇÍÞÉ ÇÓÊÎÏã Ýä ÇáÎØÇÈÉ Ýí ËáÇË ãÌÇáÇÊ ÑÆíÓíÉ :

ÇáÓíÇÓÉ æÇáÏíä æÇáÞÇäæä

During The Middle Ages, The Renaissance, And The Reformation, Oratory Was Generally Confined To The Church, Which Produced A Soul-Searing Orator Such As Martin Luther.

ÎáÇá ÇáÚÕæÑ ÇáæÓØì æÚÕÑ ÇáäåÖÉ æ ÇáÅÕáÇÍ ÇáÏíäí æÇáÎØÇÈÉ ÚãæãÇ ÇÞÊÕÑÊ Úáì ÇáßäÓíÉ ÇáÊí ÃäÊÌÊ ÎØíÈ ÇáÑæÍ ãËá ãÇÑÊä áæËÑ .

With The Development Of Parliaments In The 18th Cent., Great Political Orators Appeared. Because These Politicians Usually Spoke To Men Of Their Own Class And Education, Their Orations Were Often Complex And Erudite, Abounding In Classical Allusions.

ãÚ ÊØæÑ ÇáÈÑáãÇäÇÊ Ýí ÇáÞÑä ÇáËÇãä ÚÔÑ ÙåÑ ÎØÈÇÁ ÇáÓíÇÓÉ ÇáÚÙãÇÁ . áÇä åÄáÇÁ ÇáÓíÇÓííä ÚÇÏÉ ãÇ ÊÍÏË ááÑÌÇá ãä ÇáÝÆÉ ÇáÎÇÕÉ æÇáÊÚáíã ¡ ÎØÈåã ÛÇáÈÇ ãÇ ãÚÞÏÉ æãËÞÝÉ ÊÒÎÑ ÈÇáÊáãíÍÇÊ ÇáßáÇÓíßíÉ

Religious Sermons, Normally Addressed To A Wide Audience Of Diverse Classes Of People,

ÚÙÇÊ ÏíäíÉ ÚÇÏÉ ãæÌåå áÌãåæÑ æÇÓÚ ãä ÝÆÇÊ ãÊäæÚÉ ãä ÇáäÇÓ

The Oratorical Style Could Be Described As Bombastic Like That Of Hitler And Mussolini, And Intimate And Conversational, As In The "Fireside Chats" Of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

íãßä æÕÝ ÇÓáæÈ ÎØÇÈí ãäãÞ ãËá

åÊáÑ æãæÓæáíäí

æÇáÍãíãíÉ æÇáãÍÇÏËÉ ßãÇ åæ Ýí " ÇáÇÍÇÏíË ÇáãæÞÏ " ãä ÇáÑÆíÓ ÝÑÇäßáíä Ï. ÑæÒÝáÊ .

General orations as in translating farewell speeches

ÇáÎØÈ ÇáÚÇãÉ ãËá ÎØÈ ÇáæÏÇÚ .... Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá ÇáØáÇÈ ÇáÎÑíÌíä


ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÈÚÉ



 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #142
άήįήל
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ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #143
AlOmair Haifa
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ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: College Of Arts
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: *English*
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
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Nonee + sulltan +AlOmair Haif

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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #144
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ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #145
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ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: College Of Arts
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: *English*
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
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ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #146
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ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇäÌáíÒí
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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #147
~ äæäÇ
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ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÂÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: E
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
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~ äæäÇ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÇÈÏÇÚíå ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáäÙÑí

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
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íÇáíÊ íßæä Ýíå ÊÚÇæä

ÇÈÔÑ ÈÓ ãÇ ÇÖãäåÇ Êßæä ÔÇãáå !!

æÇäÇ ÇÑÇÌÚ ÈØÑíÞí ÇÌãÚåÇ æÇÍØåÇ ÈãáÝ
 
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ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
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ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
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F!x ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
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ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ -ßÈÑíÇÁ- ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
ÓÄÇá --- ÇáÍíä ÇáÊÑÌãÇÊ Çáí ÈÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáÎÇãÓå Çí ÇÝÖá ÊÑÌãå

"ÇáÒÇäíÉ æÇáÒÇäí ÝÇÌáÏæÇ ßá æÇÍÏò ãäåãÇ ãÇÆÉ ÌáÏÉ æáÇ ÊÃÎÐßã ÈåãÇ ÑÃÝÉ" (ÓæÑÉ ÇáäæÑ: ÂíÉ 2)
A- The adulterer and the adulteress shall each be given a hundred lashes (Dawood,1956,1974, p.214.
B- The fornicatress and fornicator- scourge each one of them a hundred stripes. (Arbery,
C- The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication, - flog each of them with a hundred stripe Ali
D- The woman and the man guilty of fornication, - flog each of them with a hundred stripes (King Fahd Complex Ali’s revised Version)
E- The adulteress and the adulterer, you shall lash each of them one hundred lashes.


ÇäÇ ÇÍÓ ÊÑÌãÉ Ali åí ÇáÃÝÖá

ÏæÑÊ Úä ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÈÇáãæÇÞÚ ÇáÏíäíå æØáÚ

 
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ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
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ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 22   #150
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ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
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ѕυℓтαη ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
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Lecture 8
Translation of Poetry

-It obviously can be translated as translated poetry plays such a large part in the literature of most cultures as Omar Khayyam poetry in English.

- The opposite view-that poetry translation is difficult or even impossible -arises from the coincidence of two assumptions:

  • Translated poetry should be poetry in its own right.
  • Poetry is difficult, ambiguous and exhibits a special relationship between form and meaning.

ãä ÇáæÇÖÍ Çäå íãßä ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÔÚÑ æÇäå íáÚÈ ÇáÔÚÑ ÇáãÊÑÌã ßÌÒÁ ßÈíÑ Ýí ÇáÃÏÈ áÃÛáÈ ÇáËÞÇÝÇÊ ßÔÚÑ ÚãÑ ÇáÎíÇã ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ .

ÃãÇ ÇáÑÃí ÇáãÚÇÑÖ - Ãä ãä ÇáÕÚÈ Ãæ ÍÊì ãä ÇáãÓÊÍíá ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÔÚÑ æÐáß íäÔà ãä ÊÚÇÞÈ ÇÝÊÑÇÖíä :

à - íäÈÛí Çä íßæä ÇáÔÚÑ ÊÑÌãÉ Ýí ÍÏ ÐÇÊÉ .

È- ÇáÔÚÑ ÕÚÈ , ÛÇãÖ , íÈÑÒ ÚáÇÞÉ ÎÇÕÉ Èíä ÇáÔßá æÇáãÚäì .

One way of negotiating this difficulty is to translate poetry into prose, an approach sometime favoured for writers such as Shakespeare. This might be because prose is seen as easier to write,

Çæá ØÑíÞÉ ááÊÝÇæÖ Úáì ÕÚæÈÉ ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÔÚÑ Çáì ÇáäËÑ , ÝÖá ÔßÓÈíÑ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ æÇáÓÈÈ Çä ÇáäËÑ ÇÓåá .

-Another way of dealing with the supposed difficulty of poetic translation is to move away from the original, producing instead imitations or new versions. But Hamburger (1989:51) sees such deviation from the original as an “admission of defeat” . Look at the following example to see how the Arabic translator has moved away from the original:

åäÇß ØÑíÞÉ ÃÎÑì ááÊÚÇãá ãÚ ÕÚæÈÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÔÚÑíÉ ãä ÇáãÝÊÑÖ ÇáÇÈÊÚÇÏ Úä ÇáÃÕá , æÊäÊÌ ÈÏáÇ ãä Ðáß äÓÎÉ Ãæ ÅÕÏÇÑÇÊ ÌÏíÏÉ

æáßä íÑì åãÈÑÛÑ ãËá åÐÇ ÇáÇäÍÑÇÝ Úä ÇáÇÕá " ÇÚÊÑÇÝÇ ÈÇáåÒíãÉ " .

Other writers such as Gutt (1991/2000:167), for example, argue that poetic texts demand direct translation; they must preserve the stylistic qualities of the original.

ßÊúÇÈ ÂÎÑæä ãËá ÌæÊ : ÌÇÏá ÈÂä ÇáäÕæÕ ÇáÔÚÑíÉ ÊÊØáÈ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáãÈÇÔÑÉ æíÌÈ Çä äÍÇÝÙ Úáì ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÇáÇÓáæÈíÉ ááäÕ ÇáÇÕáí .

-Some of the elements that have been put forward as distinctive of poetic style are:

1- It’s physical shape including use of lines and spaces on a page

2- It’s use of inventive language and in particular, patterns of sound and structure

3- It’s openness to different interpretations

4- It’s demand to be read non-pragmatically

- ÈÚÖ ÇáÚäÇÕÑ ÇáÊí ÊãíÒ ÇáäãØ ÇáÔÚÑí :

1- ãÍíØåÇ ÇáÔßáí , ÈãÇ Ýí Ðáß ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÎØæØ æÇáãÓÇÝÇÊ Úáì ÇáÕÝÍÉ

2- ÊÓÊÎÏã áÛÉ ãÈÊßÑÉ æÇäãÇØ ÇáÕæÊ æÈäÇÁ ãÚíä

3- ÇáÇäÝÊÇÍ Úáì ÊÝÓíÑÇÊ æÊÑÇÌã ãÎÊáÝÉ

4- ÇäåÇ ÞÑÇÁÉ æáíÓÊ ÚãáíÉ

Scott (2000) says maintaining that reading and translation are inextricably linked

íÞæá ÓßæÊ : ÇáÍÝÇÙ Úáì ÇáÞÑÇÁÉ æÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÊÑÊÈØ ÇÑÊÈÇØÇð áÇ ÇäÝÕÇã áå


For the translation of poetry, two main types of theory are relevant

theory of the literary text and theories of translation

ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÔÚÑíÉ , åäÇß äæÚÇä ÑÆíÓíÇä ãä ÇáäÇÍíÉ ÇáäÙÑíÉ

äÙÑíÉ ÇáäÕ ÇáÃÏÈí æäÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ


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