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E8 English Literature Students Level eight Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
2014- 12- 16 | #141 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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2014- 12- 16 | #142 | |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÃÛáÈåÇ ãä ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÇáÓÊ ÇáÃæáì |
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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ sayid ; 2014- 12- 16 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 05:49 PM |
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2014- 12- 16 | #143 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
æíä ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÓäæÇÊ Çáí ÑÇÍÊ ÇÈÛì ãÍáæáå
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2014- 12- 16 | #144 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ãÜÔÜÇÑß
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ÌãÚÊ ÔÑÍ ÈáÇäßÇ Ýí ãáÝ |
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2014- 12- 16 | #145 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
Çááå íæÝÞ ÇáÌãíÚ ÝÇáßã a+
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2014- 12- 16 | #146 |
ãÊãíÒ ÈãáÊÞì ÇáãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÇãå
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå ¡ ßíÝ ÍÇáßã í ÑÝÇÞ
ãÚÇßã Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÈÇáÊÍáíá Çááå íÍáÍáåÇ Úáì ÎíÑ ÇáÇÌæÇÁ ÇááäÏäíÉ ãÇÊÓÇÚÏ Úáì ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ .. |
2014- 12- 16 | #147 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
Çááå íÓÚÏßã íÇÑÈ
ÔÌÚÊæäí ßäÊ ÍÇÓÉ Çäí ßËÑÊ ßáÇã Ú ÇáÝÇÖí ÇáãÝÑæÖ ãÎáÕÉ ÇáÚÕÑ æÇáãÛÑÈ äÈÏÇ ÈÇáÇÓÆáÉ áßä ÇáãáÊÞì ãÇíÔÌÚ áßä äßãá æÇä ÔÇÁ Çááå äáÍÞ ßá Ôí |
2014- 12- 16 | #148 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
two different sorts of grammars are important to social languages
åäÇß äæÚíä ãä ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáãåãÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ One grammar is the traditional set of units like nouns, verbs, inflections, phrases & clauses Ãæá äæÚ åí ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÊÞáíÏíÉ Çááí ÏÑÓäÇåÇ ÈÇáãÏÑÓÉ ( ÇáÃÓãÇÁ æÇáÃÝÚÇá æææ ) æäÓãíåÇ “grammar one.” ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáÃæáì ËÇäí äæÚ åí ÏÑÓäÇåÇ ÈÔßá ÃÞá ÈßËíÑ æáßä åí Ãåã ÈßËíÑ ãä ÇáÃæáì The other – less studied, but more important – grammar is the “rules” by which grammatical units like nouns & verbs, phrases& clauses, are used to create patterns which signal or “index” characteristic whos-doing-whats-within- Discourse ÇáÞæÇäíä ÇáÊí ÊÍÏÏ Çí ÇáæÍÏÇÊ ÇáÞæÇÚÏíå ÇáÊí äÓÊÎÏãåÇ áÎáÞ äãØ Çæ ÇÓáæÈ ãÚíä íãíÒ ÎØÇÈÇÊäÇ æäÓãíåÇ “grammar two.” ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ |
2014- 12- 16 | #149 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ÍáæææÇ áäÇ ÇáÇÓÆáå ÇáãÕæÑå Çááå íÎáíßã æíÇáíÊ ãææÖæÚ ÇáÊÌãÚ íËÈÊ ÝæææÞ äÈí Ôæææí ÊÑÊíÈ íÇáíÊ ÇáãÔÑÝå ÊËÈÊ ÝææÞ ØãææÍ äÑÌæææÇ ÇáÊÏÎá ÇáÓÑíÚ ÇÍÓ ßÐÇ ÇäæÇÚ ÇáÊÔÊíÊ
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2014- 12- 16 | #150 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ãËÇá ãåã ÌÏÇ Úáì ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ æåæ ãËÇá ÇáãÑÃÉ Ìíä ..ÇÚÑÝæÇ ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ æáÇÍÙæÇ ÇÎÊáÇÝ ØÑíÞÉ ßáÇãåÇ
ãÚ æÇáÏíåÇ Úäå ãÚ ÕÏíÞåÇ Consider, for instance, the following case of an upper middle- class, Anglo-American young woman named “Jane,” in her twenties, who was attending one of the author (Gee)courses on language & communication åäÇ äÈÐå ÚäåÇ æåí ÝÊÇÉ ãä ÇáØÈÞÉ ÇßËÑ ãä ãÊæÓØÉ ÇäÌáæ ÇãÑíßíÉ ÈÇáÚÔÑíä ãä ÚãÑåÇ ÇÓãåÇ Ìíä ØÈÚÇ åí ÇäÖãÊ áÕÝ íäÇÞÔ ÇááÛÇÊ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ The course was discussing different social languages &, during the discussion, Jane claimed that she herself did not use different social languages in different contexts, but rather, was consistent from context to context Ìíä ÇÏÚÊ ÇäåÇ ãÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÃßËÑ ãä áÛÉ ÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ æÇÍÏå In fact, to do otherwise, she said, would be “hypocritical,” a failure to “be oneself ÞÇáÊ Çä Çááí íÓÊÎÏã ÇßËÑ ãä áÛÉ ÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ íÚÊÈÑ ãäÇÝÞ æáÇ íãËá äÝÓå In order to support her claim that she did not switch her style of speaking in different contexts & for different conversational partners, Jane decided to record herself talking to her parents & to her boyfriend ÚÔÇä ÊËÈÊ ÇÏÚÇÁåÇ ÇäåÇ ãÇÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÇ áÛÉ ÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ æÍÏå ÞÇãÊ ÓÌáÊ äÝÓåÇ æåí ÊÎÈÑ æÇáÏíåÇ æÕÏíÞåÇ ÈäÝÓ ÇáÞÕÉ ØíÈ .. åäÇ ÇäÊåíäÇ ãä Ìíä æÇíÔ ÓæÊ ÚÔÇä ÊËÈÊ æÌåÉ äÙÑåÇ Çæß! |
ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ) |
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[ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ ] : *★. ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ áãÇÏÉ ÓíÇÓÇÊ ÇáÑÚÇíÉ ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚíÉ.★.• | N O R Z | ÇÌÊãÇÚ 4 | 322 | 2014- 12- 23 01:08 AM |
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