ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã

ÇáÚæÏÉ   ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã > .: ÓÜÇÍÜÉ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ (ÇáÇäÊÓÇÈ):. > ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá > ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ > ÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ > E5
ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáßæíÒÇÊÅÖÇÝÉ ßæíÒãæÇÚíÏ ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáÊÚáíãÜÜÜÇÊ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ  

E5 English Literature Students Level Five Forum

ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ
 
ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #151
Abeero_0
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214144
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 169
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2601
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 44
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ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Abeero_0 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

Works on philosophy, medicine, engineering and logic were translated from
Greek into Arabic.
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #152
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 127098
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Thu Nov 2012
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 986
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÐßÜÜÑ
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 13030
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 71
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÂÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English Language
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã íÇáÛÇáíä .. ããßä ÇäØÈÇÚ ÇáØáÈå ááÊÑã ÇáÓÇÈÞ ¿
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #153
Abeero_0
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214144
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 169
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2601
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 44
Abeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Abeero_0 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

By „idiom‟ we mean a fixed figurative expression.
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #154
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 127098
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Thu Nov 2012
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 986
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÐßÜÜÑ
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 13030
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 71
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond reputeÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÂÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English Language
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

Çáí ãØáÚ Ú ÇáãÇÏÉ íæÌåäÇ Ú ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãæÕì Èåä æáå ãäí ÌÒíá ÇáÔßÑ ßæä åÇáÊÌãÚ ááÃÓÝ ÝÞíÑ
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #155
Abeero_0
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214144
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 169
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2601
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 44
Abeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Abeero_0 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

The English word theory was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy.
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #156
Noouf Al-Ajmii
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Noouf Al-Ajmii
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 263230
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Mon May 2016
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 161
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 1064
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 37
Noouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud ofNoouf Al-Ajmii has much to be proud of
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Noouf Al-Ajmii ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

ÈäÇÊ ÇíÔ ÐßÑ ÈÇáãÈÇÔÑÇÊ
ÞåÑäí ãÇ íÝÊÍ ãÚÇí
ÇÎÇÝ ÞÇá Ôí ãåã
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #157
Abeero_0
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214144
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 169
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2601
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 44
Abeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Abeero_0 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ íÇÓÑ ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
Çáí ãØáÚ Ú ÇáãÇÏÉ íæÌåäÇ Ú ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãæÕì Èåä æáå ãäí ÌÒíá ÇáÔßÑ ßæä åÇáÊÌãÚ ááÃÓÝ ÝÞíÑ

ÇáÕÝÍå ÇáÇæáì ÝíåÇ ßã ãáÝ ããÊÇÒå

https://vb.ckfu.org/showpost.php?p=1...44&postcount=6

åäÇ ÊÍÕá ãáÝ È ÇÓã ÔÑÍ ãÞÑÑ ٢ + ãÑÇÌÚÉ ãáÒãÉ i see u ÈÇáÕÝÍå ÇáÇæáì ÈÇæá ÑÏ ÝíåÇ ÊÌãíÚ áßÐÇ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÈÔßá íÓåá ÇáÝåã
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #158
Abeero_0
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214144
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 169
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2601
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 44
Abeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enoughAbeero_0 will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Abeero_0 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

Catford
the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL



-

Newmark
“a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language


-




ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ Abeero_0 ; 2017- 1- 4 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 09:45 PM
 
ÞÏíã 2017- 1- 4   #159
ÍãÇÇÇÏå
ãÊãíÒ ÈÇáãÓÊæì 7 E
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 135776
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 3,335
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÐßÜÜÑ
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 46000
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 0
ÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond reputeÍãÇÇÇÏå has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ll
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÛíÑ ØÇáÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇäÌáíÒí
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÏßÊæÑÇå
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÍãÇÇÇÏå ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ äÙÑíÉ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ

åÐÇ ßæíÒ ááãäÊÓÈ ÚÇã 1436 ÇáÝÕá ÇáËÇäí
ÔæÝ ßíÝ äæÚíÉ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ .. Çááí ÍÊì áæ Çäß ãÐÇßÑ ¡ íÓÊÞÕÏ áÎÈØÊß
9) Machine translation involves
A- the use of word processors to translate texts

B-the use of computer programmes to translate SL to TL

C- the use of computer programmes to translate ST to TT

D- the use of powerpoint programme to translate
ØÈÚÇ ÇáÇÎÖÑ åæ ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ ( ÍÓÈ Íá ÇáãäÊÓÈ ) ..

ØíÈ ãä ÇáãáÒãÉ:
Machine Translation involves the use of computer programmes to translate texts from one natural language into another automatically.
ÔÝ ßíÝ ( Text ) ÛíÑãæÌæÏ Ýí ÇáÓØÑ Ýåá ÓÞØÊ ÓåæÇ ãä ÕÇäÚ ÇáßæíÒ ¡ Çæ ãÓÊÞÕÏåÇ ÇáÏßÊæÑ
æØÈÚÇ áÇ ÇÔß Çä ÇáÏßÊæÑ ãÓÊÞÕÏåÇ ..ÍÓÈ ÊÌÑÈÊí ãÚå Ýí ÇáÊÑÌãÉ ÇáÊÊÇÈÚíÉ
åæ íÞáÈ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ( áÛÒ ) .. æáÇ ÊÏÑí ÇäÊ ÊÍá ( Úáì ÍÓÈ ÇáãÝåæã ÇáÚáãí ) Çæ Úáì ÍÓÈ ãÑÇÚÇå ãÇ Ýí ÇáãÍÊæì ãä ( ÊÑÊíÈ )

ÇáÓØÑ Ýí ÇáãáÒãå íÞÕÏ Çä ÇáãÔíä ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÑÇãÌ áÊÑÌãÉ ( ÇáäÕæÕ) ãä áÛÉ Çáì áÛÉ
ÈÚÏã æÌæÏ ßáãÉ ( ÇáäÕæÕ ) Çááí Ýí ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÊÚÊÈÑ ÇáãÔíä ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÑÇãÌ áÊÑÌãÉ ãä áÛÉ ÇáãÕÏÑ Çáì ÇááÛÉ ÇáãÓÊåÏÝå
< ØÈÚÇ åÐÇ Óáíã 100% áÇäå ãæ áÇÒã ÊÊÑÌã äÕæÕ ããßä ÊÊÑÌã ÇÔÇÑÇÊ
æáßä ÇáãäåÌ æÖÚåÇ ( äÕæÕ ) áÇääÇ äåÊã ( ÈÇáäÕ )


ØíÈ äÌí ÇáÎíÇÑ Çááí ÈÇááæä ÇáÇÍãÑ .. ÇíÖÇ Óáíã ÍÓÈ ÇáãäåÌ íÞæá ( texts) ãä áÛÉ Çá
ì áÛÉ
ÝíÚäí
ST to TT ÚæÖÊ ßáãÉ ( ÊßÓÊ ) Ýí ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÇÎÑ < æÇíÖÇ åÐÇ Ôí ãÚáæã Çä ÇáãÔíä ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÑÇãÌ áÊÑÌãÉ ãä äÕ ÇáãÕÏÑ Çáì äÕ ÇáãÓÊåÏÝ < åÐí ÝÇßÊ

ÝíÚäí ßá ÇáÇÌÇÈÊíä ÕÍíÍÉ ¡

ÈÓ áæ ÌíäÇ äÍáá ( åá äÎÊÇÑ Çááí ÈÊÑÊíÈ ÇáãáãÒãå Çæ ÇáãÝåæã ÇáÓáíã )
ÇäÊ ÇíÖÇ ÈÊÊæÑØ ^ áÇäß ãÇ ÊÏÑí ÇíÔ äíÉ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Ýåæ íãßä ÍÐÝ (ÊßÓÊ) ÚáÔÇä ÊÎÊÇÑ TL -TT < Úáì ÇÓÇÓ Çäå ÕÇÍÈ ÇáÇáÛÇÒ
æããßä ÇíÖÇ ãÇ ÇÓÊÞÕÏ åÐÇ æíÈíß ÊãÔí





ÈÇáãäÇÓÈå åÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá ãæ Ýí ÇáãáÒãÉ
5) Semiotics is the study of how people use and understand signs is called :
æØÈÚÇ ÕíÇÛÉ ÇáÓÄÇá íãßä ÇÌÊåÇÏ ãä ÕÇÍÈ ÇáßæíÒ ÇáãäÊÓÈ áÇä ÇáÓÄÇá íÍÊæí ( signs)
æÇáÇÌÇÈÉ signs Ýí äÝÓ ÇáæÞÊ
Ýí ßæíÒ Çã ÍÇÊã 1436 ÇáÝÕá ÇáËÇäí Çááí åæ äÝÓ åÐÇ ÇáßæíÒ .. ãÇßãáÊ ÇáÕíÇÛå ÊÞæá ãæ æÇÖÍ
..
Çáãåã ááÒíÇÏå ÝÞØ
semiotics
n. (philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols



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