[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : طلباتك لكل ما يختص بهذا القسم

[طيرالحب]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
هلا كوثر.... اخبارك ...سوري ازعجتك....
اذا ماعليك امر ولايزعجك... هذا جولي وعجزت فيه...بالله عليك اذا مايضايقك واذا كنتي ماتقدرين عاااااااااااااااادي جدا ويسلمو ياعسل...
لغويات ...بدريه الشريف

شكسبير...شاه نواز
نقد...نجلاء
كتابة مقال .احمدالكومي وانا مغمضه
شعر.فوزيه
نثر..مهااا الله يستر
دراما...ماالك الابتول
ترجمه...صباح
عربي وحضاره عذوقك ياعسل

[منتدياتي]

بنات شرايكم بحصة الكهلان بمادة الشعر مين درستها

[J A M I L A H]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة منتدياتي

بنات شرايكم بحصة الكهلان بمادة الشعر مين درستها

درستني وكنت مجبوره وليست مخيره !

على حسب الخيـآرآت الموجوده بتخـتـآرين الآفضل بالنسبة لج ..

بس بشكـل عـآم د.حصه مـآكنت تعطينـآ مـرجع معـين مثل د.فوزيه

وتقسيم المنهج بموقعهـآ ولآزم تسجليـن عشـآن ينفتح لج .. وبعـدهـآ آنتي تدورين ع القصآئد وتطبعينـهم اذا مآكـآن عندج الكتـآب طبعـآ !
الشـرح (................) نوكمنت >> برآيفت

آسئلتـهـآ وآضحه .. ومآهي صعبه حييييييل يعني حليوووه ومهضومه ..

والتصحـيح كثيييييير ترآعي فيه وآذآ تعـرف البنت آنهـآ نشيطه معهـآ بالكـلآس ومو متهـآونه ممكـن تسـآعدهـآ ..

[kawthar Y]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة طيرالحب

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
هلا كوثر.... اخبارك ...سوري ازعجتك....
اذا ماعليك امر ولايزعجك... هذا جولي وعجزت فيه...بالله عليك اذا مايضايقك واذا كنتي ماتقدرين عاااااااااااااااادي جدا ويسلمو ياعسل...
لغويات ...بدريه الشريف

شكسبير...شاه نواز
نقد...نجلاء
كتابة مقال .احمدالكومي وانا مغمضه
شعر.فوزيه
نثر..مهااا الله يستر
دراما...ماالك الابتول
ترجمه...صباح
عربي وحضاره عذوقك ياعسل

w alaikom aslam w ra7mat Allah w brakateh
hi dear i'm fine hope u r fine it's ok we r here to help each other as much as possible
here is the timetable hope u like it insha'Allah

sat.
criticism *
29753
7:30 - 9:10
break
9:30 - 10:20

prose*
29736
11:30 - 12:20
break
13:00 - 13:50

sun.
poetry*
29748
7:30 - 9:10


shakespeare*
29776
10:30 - 12:10
break
13:00 - 13:50

mon.
general linguistic*
29780
7:30 - 9:10
translation*
29734
9:30 - 11:10
the economic system in islam*
29459
11:30 - 12:20
break
13:00 - 13:50
wed.
essay writing*
29533
7:30 - 9:10
drama*
29745
9:30 - 11:10
arabic (the art of story)*
30027
11:30 - 12:20
break
13:00 - 13:50

Tue. is off :g8: i wish you the best of luck in this new year

[Diligent]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة rosalind

السلام عليكم

كيف حال الجميع ..مبارك علييكم قروب شهر الخير و كل عام و الجميع بصحة و سلامة..

بنات حبيت اطلب منكم طلب :c8:..انا سنة ثالثة نظام قديم (رايحة ان شا الله رابعه) و عندي مادة النثر محمول الترم الثاني ,, ياليت لو اي وحدة تنزل لي محاضرات الدكتورة مها سلام من المحاضرة الاولى الى الخامسة (جزئية اختبار الشهري)..لان من قبل حطيت طلب في المنتدى و اختي رحلة عمر ما قصرت و ساعدتنييي كثير و نزلت لي المحاضرات من السادسة لين العاشرة ..بلييز بنات اللي مشتركة في ملازم تبع اشرطة التسجيل تنزلها لي بصيغة الورد (وضع التوافق عشان يفتح عندي)..تدرون اذا ما نجحت فيها ما روح رابع .. و انا واثقة في طالبات قسمي ما يردووني..:g8:

وعليكم السلام والرحمة
تفضلي خيتو وبالتوفيق يارب

[Diligent]

Lecture (5)

What are the types of irony?

In irony, we have a certain situations مواقفin a novel, one character understands something, knows something the other characters do not know it, the audience know this thing. This is very general meaning of irony. It can be applied يطبق علىto all types انواعof irony.

There are other types of irony:

1. Verbal irony
2. Irony of situations
3. Phrasal irony- when the irony is a sentence.
4. Ironic presentation of characters.
It can be a character, a situation, a sentence or a dialogue, commentaryتعليق. So, there are many types of irony.
Sometimes we have the difference between appearance المظهرand reality. When the words used in a dialogue have superficial سطحيmeanings, by the appearance they mean something. If we think about these words deeply, we find another meaning. We find this contrastتناقض in meaning between appearance and reality.
Whether it is the difference in the appearance of meanings of words, the difference between the appearance of characters to be understood by other characters in a different way and the readers also see this character in this way. Towards the end of the novel, we have like a surpriseمفاجأة. We find out that the character is not like as we thought it to be. This will be an irony.
Sometimes we have a situation. Some of the character know something the other characters know something else. So, there is a difference, there is some sort of misunderstandingسؤ فهم.
So, the general definition of irony is when we have a contrast تناقضbetween the appearance of something and the reality of this thing.
Irony is when we see a person as something, the other characters and the readers know this character as something and in reality it is something else.
In "Pride and Prejudice" we have a very ironic character. Darcy has some irony in his character. There is some irony in the representation تمثيل شخصيةof Darcy.
Mrs. Bennet is represented as a foolish woman. Her only concern is to find husbands for her daughters. She cares يهتمabout money. She is materialisticمادي. She told Elizabeth that if she did not marry Collins, they will never talk to her. She is jealousغيور of her friends and neighborsجيران. There is no irony in her character. She can be part of situation and the situation might be ironic. She is what she appears to be. She is an exaggeration- a caricature of humor
Collins' character is a mixture of servilityخنوع and pomposityمباهاة. He appears to be like this. He is like this till the very end. He never changes. He never surprises us. He is an exaggerated مبالغ فيهcaricatureرسم كاريكاتوري of humor.
Lydia is a very foolish young woman. She never cares about anything except ما عداthe officersالضباط, going to parties. There is no irony in her character. She starts and ends like this. She is shown in a certain way, the novelist and the readers can see her in this way. She continues in this way till the very end. Her elopement الهروبdoes not surprise us.
Each of these characters is represented in a way and they remain consistentثابت in this way.
In a dialogue between Charlotte and Elizabeth, Jane Austin is preparing us for the choice that Charlotte is going to make in a very wise حكيمmanner about marriage. She is going to choose Mr. Collins for marriage. Sop there is no irony in the character of Charlotte Lucas.
The best character that shows irony is the character of Wickham. He is the modelنموذج of ironic character. He is a representation of irony in characters. At first, we see him as an officer, who seems to be very handsomeوسيم. He is a new arrival. We find that there is a past acquaintanceمعرفة قديمة between Darcy and Wickham when they first meet. It seems that there is some trouble in this past acquaintance. They are not very friendly together. They are not happy to see each other. They are very anxious to get away from each other, not to be in the same place. We get to know Wickham clearly in the supperعشاء at Mrs. Bennett's house. She invited Collins and the officers. In this supper, Wickham appears to be nice, open, frankصريح young man. He meets Elizabeth. They have a very important conversation. During this conversation, Elizabeth is very curious فضولىto know what the secret that Darcy and Wickham have is. Because she is well manneredسلوك جيد, she does not want to ask direct question. To her surprise and her delight that Wickham started this story about himself and Darcy. He asks her a number of questions about the history of Darcy in that place- what people think of him- what she thinks of him. He is the one who opens the subject. She thinks that Wickham is a frank open young man. He does not hide anything from her. She tells herself that if there was something shamefulمخجل, embarrassingمحرج, wrong he would not open the subjects. She is trying to talk to this man whom she thinks by opening the subject has proved that there is nothing at all wrong on his side, nothing embarrassing, nothing shameful at all. He tells her a story. The story he tells her is a narrative technique in the novel.
This is a forth narrative technique used in the novel. When we have a character telling us a story, this is one version of the story. Wickham is having one version روايةof the story. There is no proofدليل at all whether this version of the story is right or wrong. This is one method of narration.
When Jane Austin is using this narrative technique which is- a character's version of a story- a version given by one character about a story- the reader has to be careful. This is what one character says. It can never be true 100% unless we have more proof from other characters, certain materials. This narrative technique needs us to be very careful. This is not Jane Austin as the author commenting to us. It is not a dialogue between characters. In this conversation one of the characters is giving his own version of the story. This story may turn out to be true or not.
We have one story version given by one character and we have another version of the story- the reality. She is now ready to believe what Wickham is saying. Because he begins the topic, she is going to believe him. He appears to be nice and speaks to every body in a nice way. She is being prepared to believe what he says.

[Diligent]

He starts talking. He tells her the summary of the story that heknew Darcy since his child hood. They grew up together. His father was the steward مشرف– like a manager- of the estate مقاطعةof the Darcy's family. He told her that he is almost the same age as Darcy. Th ey grew up together. Wickham is the son of the steward; Darcy is the son of land ownerالمالك. There was some social class difference between them. They were good friends to certain extent. So, the Darcy's father promised Wickham's father that he will give him certain job when he finishes his education in the estate. He promised him to get the living of Pemberley = to work on the estate- he told her that Darcy's father all the time liked him very much and Darcy was very jealousغيور. The jealousy was so strong that when Darcy's father died, Darcy did something very mean, dishonest غير امينthat he did not give him the living, did not give him the job. Wickham had to work as an officer in the army as it was the only job available متاحto him.
On the surface of the story of Wickham it appears to be true. It sometimes happens. There is nothing incredibleلا يصدق about the events. He seems to tell her the truth as he tells her that he is the son of the steward. He did not tell her that he is the son of a great man, of a higher social class like Darcy. He is not ashamed toخجلان tell her this. He did not try to hide this fact about him. But he is very open. He had to give her certain elements of truth about things that could she find out about it if they are proven or are disproven. There are certain elements that could not be proven يثبتfor example, when he says that Darcy is always jealous of him, of the attention that the father was given to Wickham. Darcy is proud. He is not denying لا ينكرthat he is proud. Jane Austin is not denying there. He is a bit reservedمتحفظ. He does not like to dance. He does not like to talk to people whom he does not know. It is not easy for him to socialize يتفاعل مع المجتمعwith people.
There will be a dancing ball in Netherfield. Wickham did not go, but everybody is talking nicely about him. He is universally admiredيعجب ب, universally liked by every body. This is the opposite of Darcy as he is universally disliked.
Wickham said a lie that has some elements of truth. There are certain elements in his story that could not be proved. Another element of truth is that he asked her if she likes Darcy or not. He is very cunning خبيثand slide.
He speaks of three pride that Darcy has. He has family pride, filial pride= he was very proud of his father and he has brotherly pride. He has a sister- Miss Darcy. He is very proud of his sister.
When Wickham talks about brotherly pride, filial pride بنوىand family pride of Darcy, he keeps mingling يخلطtruth with lies. This is not 100% a lie- there are certain facts about it. It is true that his father was a steward, that Darcy has all these types of pride. All this is true. Wickham was promised the living of Pemberley and he did not get it- this is also true. There are many facts in the story. He was promised the living and he did not get it. the untruth mainly lies on the motive of Darcy, why did he do this? Why did he break the promise of his father?
Wickham is accusing Darcy very serious accusationاتهام. This is something very demeaning, very unhonorable. All the time, he asks her not to describe this action of Darcy is something meanوضيع. He pretends not being able to hear this about Darcy as he is the son of a man who did many good things to him. He can not say anything bad about him because he likes his father very much. All the time, he does not say a single bad word against Darcy except the pride- he tells her that all Darcy's family is proud- like Lady Catherine De Bourgh- who is his aunt-
Darcy prevent him his living but his motiveدافع was not being jealousغيور. There is another motive that we are going to discover that will turn everything upside down. The whole story is not like this. Wickham should have been punished for his deed. He was only prevented منع عنهthe living as what he did made him unfit to be a man of religion. He does not have any morals. He is supposed to be a clergy man. He is seducing يخدعyoung women, behaving in disgraceful حقير- وضيعmanner. He tried to seduce Darcy's sister to elopeيهرب with him.
Wickham is playing on Elizabeth's prejudiceتحامل against Darcy. She is very ready to believe anything negative about him. The cunning مخادعWickham knows this so well. He was manipulating Elizabeth- to move her as he likes. He was making use of the prejudice of Elizabeth against Darcy. He was making use of the fact that Elizabeth will not go to Darcy to talk to him and he was sure that Darcy will not like to speak to Elizabeth and tell her about this story because his pride will stop him.
The story is built on a certain way that the readers would believe Wickham, to believe that Darcy was abusingيسئ الى him, breaking his father's promiseخلف وعده. Elizabeth believes this. Many things happen make us believe this.
Wickham's character will turn out against our expectations توقعاتand shock صدمةus by appearing to be something different. This is what we mean by ironic character. This description does not fit لا يناسبwith any other character.
Elizabeth is very much affected by the words of Darcy because she is prejudiced against him.

Irony of situations- situational irony:

There are a number of situations that are related to the story, other situations in the novel that has this irony.
Elizabeth tells this story to Jane- the one who is ready to believe anything about anybody. She tells her that a person like Darcy who is proud, would never do such a demeaning thing. His pride would not let him do such a disgraceful مهينthing. She can not believe it. Her impressionانطباع tells her that there must be some misunderstanding. She can never believe this about Darcy. She tells Elizabeth that she is going to ask Bingley. Bingley tells her that he does not know the details. He only knows that there is some quarrel صراعand misunderstanding between Darcy and Wickham. He tells her that he is ready to vouch Darcy's sincerityإخلاص as he knows him for many years. He never knows anything dishonorable غير شريفabout Darcy. He knows that Wickham has a bad reputationسمعة. He heard certain rumors اشاعاتabout his reputation. When Jane takes the story from Bingley and goes back to Elizabeth telling her that Darcy can never do such a thing. Yet Elizabeth is not convinced depending on the fact that Bingley did not live with Wickham and Darcy during their childhood. Elizabeth goes with this story to Charlotte. He tells her the story. Charlotte tells her that she will never believe that Darcy would do this. He would not do a thing that would be a wound to his proud.
This is irony here. The clever smart, intelligent Elizabeth is the one who is most deceived ينخدعby the appearance of Wickham and the appearance of the meaning of his story. She accepts the story without questioning it. She is even defending Wickham. She is so prejudice against Darcy. This prejudice blinded عمىher. She could not see the truth because of being prejudiced against Darcy whereas the two other women- Jane and Charlotte who are less smart and less intelligentذكى, but they could see the truth. They were not as blinded by prejudice against Darcy as she was.
There is an irony here; the most intelligent of the group is the one who is trapped and deceived. She goes in the trapيقع في الفخ that Wickham made her. She is deceivedيخدع by his story. Charlotte and Jane who are not intelligent questioned the story. They can not accept the story like this. They did not believe it. Elizabeth accepts the story as full truth.
It is the major situational irony in the novel.
There are many irony of situation in the novel. This situation relatesله علاقة ب to the main three characters in the novel. It is something that affects the whole plot of the whole novel, so, this situational irony is the most important one.
Jane Austin is a miniatureمهتم بالتفاصيل- she is a realistواقعى. She is giving us a moral lesson. She is showing us indirectly that if some one becomes so prejudice against someone, he may fall into a trap and will have misunderstanding as his prejudice is going to blind him from seeing the truth clearly.
One aim of using irony is to teach the audience a moral اخلاقىlesson in an indirect way.
She believed Wickham's story because she was prejudice and because Wickham was very cunningمخادع. He was sprinkling some elements of truth on his story. He was telling a lie, but he was sprinkling some truth on it so that the lie would be more credible or more believable.
There are some elements on the part of Elizabeth and on the part of Wickham that made her believe his story. It was a very well constructed مبنيlie كذبةand she was prejudice.
· There is another irony of situation- the conversation between Mrs. Bennet and Lady Lucas that they were having during the ball at Netherfield. This situation is ironic. There are two mothers talking about the marriage of their daughters. Mrs. Bennet expectsتتوقع that two of her daughters to get married within the next two months- Jane to Bingley- Elizabeth to Collins. It turns out that Charlotte is the one is going to be the first daughter to get married to Collins. This is irony.
There is irony when there is a difference between appearance and reality- humor- comedy is one aspect of irony. Irony does not always have comedy.
Sometimes irony can be humors, sometimes not.
There is nothing humors in Wickham telling an untrue غير حقيقىversion of his story to Elizabeth. It causes misunderstanding.
So irony can have a number of effects including humor or comedy.

Verbal Irony:

The very good example of verbal irony is the first two sentences of the novel- the beginning of chapter 1 .
It is not irony of situation, not irony of character but the words have certain meanings.
Verbal= some thing related to words and sentences. if we have certain words or sentences that have two meanings- they can be understood as something superficial سطحىand they have a hidden مخفىmeaning, then these words or sentences are verbal irony because they mean something else than what appears on the surface.
IT IS A TRUTH universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
This is ironic. It causes humor. The sentence means that every single man is in need of a wife. This is the apparent meaning. If we think about it deeply, we will discover that this is not true. May be a rich and a single man would not think of a wife.
We discover that it is just a technique used by Jane Austin to make us know the character of Mrs. Bennet. This is the way she thinks- and the other mothers in the novel- think about finding a rich husband to her daughter. It also causes comedy. It is like a joke. There is a tool of comedy in it. It is like a humiliation اذلالof characters. It does not have to be as it appears.
Here we do not have a situation or character. We only have words that have more than one meaning= the apparent one that is to be a general view of humanity about single rich men who want to get married- it is like a rule, but the deeper meaning is totally different. The deeperأعمق meaning is that Jane Austin is criticizing the way of marriage. She is making يسخر of the character of Mrs. Bennet. She wants the reader to have this comic effect and to show that the tone throughout the novel is going to be comic. Apparentlyظاهريا it is about a general rule of human nature.
This is n example of verbal irony. There are many examples in the novel. It may be one word that can have more than one meaning.
Irony could have elements of humor. It can cause us to laugh. It is one of the uses of irony. It can have comic effect.
Irony can cause misunderstanding and complication تعقيدin the plot.
Irony can be used as an indirect method of giving a moral lesson.
The general meaning of irony is the contrast between appearance and reality.

Chapter 16
We have the supper meeting at the Bennets ' house. During this supper the conversation between Wickham and Elizabeth takes place and she gets this untrue version of the story.
There are other officers. Mrs. Collins is also attending the supper. The daughters never leave the officers to talk to Collins. It is Mrs. Bennet herself who talks to him. She is very curious. She wants to know the news to thee it next day to everybody else. Collins main topic موضوعof conversation is Lady Catherine. In his conversation with Mrs. Bennet he is the mixture مزيجof servilityعبودية- اذلال and self importance. He is mentioning the name of Lady Catherine every minute- not body is perfect like her. He is foolish and stupid. The conversation reflects the character of the two conversersالمتحدث.
The other characters were playing cards. It is one of the activities they have at the evening. They were having a lottery يا نصيبprize.
Lydia is very much interested in Wickham. She left him to talk to Elizabeth because she was interested in something more important- the lottery prizes and the other officers. It is another example of the limited scope مجال- نطاق محدودof the novel. It is either a supper, a ball. People are just talking, dancing or playing cards, playing the piano, having lottery prizes. It is a very limited range of social activities that are repeated يكررon an on in the novel.
After a supper, we have another event- a dancing ball. It is another example of a limited scope that we have in the novel.
Wickham is invited by Bingley. But Wickham he was the only one who was absent. He did not want to see Darcy.
Elizabeth danced with Darcy twice. He was so nice with her. He was trying to be polite. He has changed. She can never see this because she is still prejudice. She has even become more prejudice after hearing the story of Wickham.
The suppers and the balls are occasionsمناسبات for the plot to be developed. Jane Austin wants action to develop; she wants us to have complicationتعقيد and developing plot through certain occasions and events. We have balls and suppers where people can talk and we can have things to happen.
A very important event is the طلب زواج of Collins to Elizabeth. He is not romantic. He is just discussing a business deal. He tries to tell her reasons why he wants to get married. Elizabeth rejected him.
Her refusal رفضshows us Elizabeth's character, Collins' character and the reaction of the father and the mother of her rejection. The mother is really angry with Elizabeth. The father is on her side. He does not want her to marry this sillyسخيف man.
The father and Elizabeth think of marriage in a different way. The father, as well as Elizabeth, thinks that marriage should be built on mutual متبادلrespect, love and feeling between the couplets. This is what Elizabeth believes and her father defends her.
It is something related to Jane Austin herself. She did not get married. She had a love story that was not very successful because her lover died. She had other proposal, but she did not need to marry without love.
So, there are many aspects of Jane Austin's character represented in Elizabeth. She would not marry a man whom she does not love and respect. The father seems to be a very understanding father who defends his daughter. He does not want to force his daughter to marry a man without love. The other on the other hand is very materialistic. She cares about money. She thinks that Collins is a good husband for her and she can not expect a better husband. She has a materialistic point of view as she has no money to give to her daughter.
Jane Austin shows that many characters in society have these economicمادى bases about everything. Everything is changed into money terms.
The father tells Elizabeth that he will never talk to her if she marries Collins.

[Diligent]

lecture 4

Any novel of Jane Austin has a sense of humor.
Sense of humor is used to make readers laugh. We expect to have some fun, to be amused, to get entertainment.
The humor of Jane Austin is not to make us laugh aloud but just to smile and be amused. It is a very mild type of humor. It is not strong humor.
Critics think that Jane Austin as like sprinkling over the whole novel[ like adding pepper to food]. There is just a touch- a sprinkle of humor. It is a very mild sort of humor.
The humor of Jane Austin equal two things:
Satire. She is satirizing the foolishness of Mrs. Bennet.
Compassion= tolerance= understanding human nature.
Jane Austin is never insulting people when satirizing them. She never hurts her character- or she is never angry to them. She has satire but she can understand the. She knows that they are human, that they have their point of weakness; she knows that there is no body perfect. She can have sympathy, compassion or tolerance to people. She knows that she has to accept the presence of some foolish people among a group.
She is having this satire plus the compassion, understanding, tolerance, the knowing of all the weaknesses of the human nature. These elements together form the humor in the novel.

Satire+ compassion= humor

We do not feel that Jane Austin is a writer who is angry at people or who wants to change people, or who wants to have every body being perfect. She is a writer who accepts people as they are. She knows that whenever there is a group of people, some of them are going to be foolish, some have points of weaknesses, and this is human nature. She never tries to change this. She knows that it is something impossible to change people. God created people this way. We should accept them as they are.
She accepts people as they are and she never tries to change them.
The humor of Jane Austin is of the mild sort. It is of the type that makes us smile, not to laugh out loud. Some novelists have a very loud source of humor but not Jane Austin. Her homer is a touch that we can find throughout all the pages- from the beginning to the end. It is only a touch of humor. Humor is the sum of two things; satire and compassion.
Humor in Jane Austin is always directed to the individuals- not to the society.
We have two characters in the novel that are satirized- Mrs. Bennet who us foolish and Mr. Collins who is absurd, foolish, comic character. These are the two characters that are the source of humor in the novel.
Jane Austin is directing the humor to individuals, not against the society as a whole. She does not want to change the individuals. She does not care about changing the whole society. She accepts society and accepts people. She is making fun of Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Collins to make the readers smile. We do not feel that she wants them to become different.
Her humor is directed to certain characteristics in these individuals. It is directed against the follies= the foolish mistakes- of these individuals.
It is directed also against the oddness - absurditiesسخف- incongruities تنافر- - inconsistencies تضاربof the characters.

Summary:
Jane Austin always has this sense of humor in all her novels. We can find it through out the whole text from the beginning till the end, but it is of the mild type. It is a touch of humor that makes us smile not laughing aloud. This humor is a combination of satire and compassion and acceptance of human nature.
Jane Austin is a very compassionate person. She does not get angry at people. She accepts people as they are. She knows that every body has his point of weaknesses and we can never change this. We can not expect people to be perfect. She takes these things as they are.
She directs the humor against the individual characters not against the whole group or insinuations. The two main characters that we have this humor against are Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Collins. The humor is directed against the follies and the absurdities in the characters of these people.
The character of Mr. Collins has two congruities inside it. it has two contrasting things[ for example- someone to be wise and foolish] Mr. Collins is also described as a mixture of two opposite things servility and self-importance. The same man has the quality of servility and the quality of self importance because he has these two contrasting things.
Mr. Collins is a family relative of Mr. Bennet. He is his cousin- but he is much younger- there was a sort of family quarrel- disagreement between the father of Mr. Collins and Mr. Bennet. They were not of good terms. They did not see each other for many years. Now, Mr. Collins' father is dead. Collins writes a letter telling Mr. Bennet that he is willing to come to visit them to put an end to this quarrel. He has self- importance. He is a clergy man- preaches people in the church on Sundays- that he is a very important man. He has an important friend- Lady Catherine de Bourgh – she is the one who commends him. All the time, he is boasting- showing off. At the same time he is very servile. He talks about Lady Catherine as if he is a slave or a servant to her. he can never do anything unless he asks her permission- even before coming to stay for a week with the Bennets, he asked for her permission- he can be very servile and self important at the same time. He says that she gave him permission اذنto get married. She has this condition that he must choose a suitable wife. He does not object to this, this is why we call him servile. He is very servile among the aristocratic people. He is either time complementing people all the time or apologizing for them.
He is a very strange mixture of these two things. Because he has all these congruities in his character, because he has the absurditiesسخافات and the folliesحماقات that we will find many examples of, this is why he is one of the main sources of humor in the novel.
Jane Austin is directing her humor against Mr. Collins. She is making a joke about him.
Elizabeth is criticizing people and analyzing the way they are thinking. Like Jane Austin, she likes to make Jokes at people. She likes to joke about the follies of people. She is the mouth speak of Jane Austin. She is doing the things that Jane Austin likes doing. This is part of the character of Elizabeth. She is behaving in the manner of Jane Austin. She does not insult people, she is not angry at people, but she is very compassionate and tolerable, but she likes to make joke or to have fun at people who are foolish.
Jane Austin does not want to changes these people but she is telling us that there are people who are like this. We have to accept them.

We have the two eldest Bennet sisters- Jane and Elizabeth – at the house of Mr. Bingley. Jane was having cold. The people at the house, Mr. Bingley, MR. Darcy, the two Bingley sisters, Mr. Hurst the husband of Bingley's sister and Elizabeth and Jane.
Sometimes in the evening they sit together. Darcy starts to admire Elizabeth.

In our novel, the mine line of plot is Elizabeth- Darcy relationship. It is the main- principal story line. Understanding and admiration starts to develop between them.
Miss Bingley is jealous about Darcy. She wants to attract Darcy. All the time she is trying to attract him. He does not respond to her. She starts making jokes in order to prevent him from thinking to marry Elizabeth. She tries to stop Darcy from thinking of Elizabeth because of her family.

Elizabeth is like Jane Austin. She is a good observer of life. She has a sense of humor. Both can make jokes about the foolish people. Elizabeth can notice and feel how Miss. Bingley is talking.
They are at the Bingley's house. Darcy asks Elizabeth twice if she likes to dance. She does not answer him.

Oh,” said she, “I heard you before; but I could not immediately determine what to say in reply. You wanted me, I know, to say ‘Yes,’ that you might have the pleasure of despising my taste; but I always delight in overthrowing those kind of schemes, and cheating a person of their premeditated contempt. I have therefore made up my mind to tell you that I do not want to dance a reel at all; and now despise me if you dare.”

She heard him but she does not want to answer him. She thinks that he has the pleasure of despising her taste and making fun of her. She does not want to allow him to do this.
He will admire her.
Indeed, I do not dare.”
Elizabeth, having rather expected to affront him, was amazed at his gallantry; but there was a mixture of sweetness and archness in her manner which made it difficult for her to affront anybody, and Darcy had never been so bewitched by any woman as he was by her. He really believed that, were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger.
He apologizes in a very polite manner. She knows that he is a very nice and gentleman. Darcy has become bewitched by her- he has never been bewitched by any woman as he was by her.
She has a mixture of archness = intelligence and sweetness.
She was amazed at his gallantry= gentility.
If she does not have such a vulgar family, and such inferior mothers and sisters, he would be in great danger of falling in love with her and in great danger of marrying her.
He comes to the stage of thinking about love. the only obstacle is her family. As a young lady, he can see her bewitching and extraordinary, exceptional.
This is part of the development of their relation.
In this conversation, we see about their characters, we know about their relations.
Darcy speaks about his point of weakness, that no body is perfect- that he has certain mistakes in his personality.
They are still in the drawing room. They are complementing Darcy.

Miss Bingley,” said he, “has given me credit for more than can be. The wisest and best of men—nay, the wisest and best of their actions—may be rendered ridiculous by a person whose first object in life is a joke.”

He says that even if a person is perfect, some other one would make jokes about him. he understands that Elizabeth likes to make jokes about people.

“Certainly,” replied Elizabeth—“there are such people, but I hope I am not one of them; I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies, do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can. But these, I suppose, are precisely what you are without.”
Elizabeth is speaking as if she is Jane Austin herself. She admits that she likes to make jokes against the follies of people but she can never make a joke about someone who is good. Jane Austin herself has the same attitude. She could never make a joke against wise or good people. But she is ready to make jokes against foolish people. She can not make jokes about him as he is without- does not have follies
Perhaps that is not possible for anyone. But it has been the study of my life to avoid those weaknesses which often expose a strong understanding to ridicule.”
“Such as vanity and pride.”
Darcy is very intelligent. He knows that he does not have these things. He tried very hard not to have – to avoid those weaknesses. He knows that he does not have follies. But he admits that he is not perfect- as there is no one who is perfect-
She is making fun of him telling him that vanity and pride are not of these follies.
Yes, vanity is a weakness. But pride—where there is a real superiority of mind—pride will be always under good regulation.”

Vanity is a bad quality. There is no excuse of having vanity. It is a weakness. He says that he does not have vanity. But pride is different. He can be proud and have the reason to be proud. He has every right to be proud- to be wealthy- of a good family- to be intelligent-


He is comparing vanity and pride showing the difference between them. How vanity is bad and can never be excused, and that it is always a weakness, but pride is sometimes accepted if there is a reason.


He admits that he is proud but not vain.

Elizabeth turned away to hide a smile.
He has another point of weakness which is very important that if someone offends him, he will not be able to forgive him.
Wickham, a newly arrived officer, meets Darcy by accident in the street. Their faces turn pale and red. They seem to know each other before. It seems that they do not like each other. Elizabeth takes notice of this. She is a good observer. She guesses that there is a secret, something between them. She tells Jane.
This will have very important consequences in the novel. Darcy is a man who does not forgive someone if he offends him. He is not a man who forgets and forgives.
Mrs. Bennet sent them word that they could not possibly have the carriage before Tuesday; and in her postscript it was added that, if Mr. Bingley and his sister pressed them to stay longer, she could spare them very well. Against staying longer, however, Elizabeth was positively resolved, nor did she much expect it would be asked; and fearful, on the contrary, of being considered as intruding themselves needlessly long, she urged Jane to borrow Mr. Bingley's carriage immediately, and at length it was settled that their original design of leaving Netherfield that morning should be mentioned, and the request made.
Jane and Elizabeth stayed for three or four days in the Bingley's house. But the mother wants them to stay longer. She does not want them to come back. She does not want to send them the carriage. They take the Bingley's carriage. She wants them to stay where they are.
They were not welcomed home very cordially by their mother. Mrs. Bennet wondered at their coming, and thought them very wrong to give so much trouble, and was sure Jane would have caught cold again. But their father, though very laconic in his expressions of pleasure, was really glad to see them; he had felt their importance in the family circle. The evening conversation, when they were all assembled, had lost much of its animation, and almost all its sense, by the absence of Jane and Elizabeth.
This is about the condition of the house when they returned home. They were not welcomed home. The father was glad to see them. He missed them when they were away.
Jane Austin is commenting humorously. She is saying that the father when his two eldest daughters were not there, he thought that there was no sense at all. All the women that were with him are silly and foolish- the mother and the three other daughters
They found Mary, as usual, deep in the study of thorough-bass and human nature; and had some new extracts to admire, and some new observations of threadbare morality to listen to. Catherine and Lydia had information for them of a different sort. Much had been done and much had been said in the regiment since the preceding Wednesday; several of the officers had dined lately with their uncle; a private had been flogged, and it had actually been hinted that Colonel Forster was going to be married.
Mary is the one who is always reading books. They found her the same.
Catherine and Lydia have not seen their daughters for three days. They have too much news about the officers to tell them.

Mr. Collins sends a letter to Mr. Bennet. This letter tells about his character.
“ 'Hunsford, near Westerham, Kent, October 15th.
‘Dear Sir: The disagreement subsisting between yourself and my late honored father always gave me much uneasiness; and since I have had the misfortune to lose him I have frequently wished to heal the breach, but for some time I was kept back by my own doubts, fearing lest it might seem disrespectful to his memory for me to be on good terms with anyone with whom it had always pleased him to be at variance.’—There, Mrs. Bennet.—'My mind, however, is now made up on the subject; for, having received ordination at Easter, I have been so fortunate as to be distinguished by the patronage of the Right Honorable Lady Catherine De Bourgh, widow of Sir Lewis De Bourgh, whose bounty and beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of this parish, where it shall be my earnest endeavor to demean myself with grateful respect toward her ladyship, and be ever ready to perform those rites and ceremonies which are instituted by the Church of England. As a clergyman, moreover, I feel it my duty to promote and establish the blessing of peace in all families within the reach of my influence; and on these grounds I flatter myself that my present overtures of goodwill are highly commendable, and that the circumstance of my being next in the entail of Longbourn estate will be kindly overlooked on your side, and not lead you to reject the offered olive-branch. I cannot be otherwise than concerned at being the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologize for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends, but of this hereafter. If you should have no objection to receive me into your house, I propose myself the satisfaction of waiting on you and your family, Monday, November 18th, by four o'clock, and shall probably trespass on your hospitality till the Saturday sennight following, which I can do without any inconvenience, as Lady Catherine is far from objecting to my occasional absence on a Sunday, provided that some other
Mr. Collins is using a very formal style. He is trying to show off by using these difficult words.
There was a disagreement between Mr. Collins' father and Mr. Bennet. He wants to come to make amends between the two families. He wants to come to visit them. All the time he is servile and self important.
This letter is like a study of the character of Mr. Collins.
Mr. Collins is having dinner with the Bennets. All the time, he is talking about Lady Catherine.

She had been graciously pleased to approve of both the discourses which he had already had the honor of preaching before her. She had also asked him twice to dine at Rosings, and had sent for him only the Saturday before, to make up her pool of quadrille in the evening. Lady Catherine was reckoned proud by many people, he knew, but he had never seen anything but affability in her.

This is another narrative technique.
Jane Austin is giving in an indirect technique the speech of Collins. It is a reported speech.
It is a great honor to invite him to dine at Rosings.
of quadrille= like a game of cards .
Lady Catherine was playing this game of cards. They were missing someone. She sent for Mr. Collins to play with them. He is boasting about attending dinner and playing games with Lady Catherine.
He is showing off.
He says that Lady Catherine is proud with all people but she is friendly with him.

She had always spoken to him as she would to any other gentleman; she made not the smallest objection to his joining in the society of the neighborhood, nor to his leaving the parish occasionally for a week or two to visit his relations. She had even condescended to advise him to marry as soon as he could, provided he chose with discretion; and had once paid him a visit in his humble parsonage, where she had perfectly approved all the alterations he had been making, and had even vouchsafed to suggest some herself—some shelves in the closet upstairs.

She speaks to him in equal bases as a gentleman. She always speaks to him in a very nice way. He asks her permission. He does not object to take her permission. He is very servile in her relation to her.
She told him that he can marry but he has to choose with wisdom. She is going to see the lady whom he is going to marry.

Elizabeth is a good observer of characters and of human nature. She always explains to the reader why these characters have some contradictions.
MR. COLLINS WAS NOT a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society, the greatest part of his life having been spent under the guidance of an illiterate and miserly father; and though he belonged to one of the universities, he had merely kept the necessary terms without forming at it any useful acquaintance.
She is giving an authorial commentary.
Mr. Collins has some deficiency of nature. He has certain weaknesses by nature. These weaknesses were made stronger , more apparent by his social environment in which he was brought up.
He is 25 years old. Most of his life had been spent under the guidance of his father who had very bad qualities. He is illiterate- he does not know how to read and write- he is ignorant. He is miserly. This affected the son.
He went to university. He is an educated man, not like his father, but he did not benefit from university. Going to University did not change his personality, did not pure the problem of his personality.
The subjection in which his father had brought him up had given him originally great humility of manner; but it was now a good deal counteracted by the self-conceit of a weak head, living in retirement, and the consequential feelings of early and unexpected prosperity. A fortunate chance had recommended him to Lady Catherine De Bourgh when the living of Hunsford was vacant; and the respect which he felt for her high rank and his veneration for her as his patroness, mingling with a very good opinion of himself, of his authority as a clergyman, and his right as a rector, made him altogether a mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance and humility.

We have here the explanation of incongruity. His father brought him up in subjection. His father told him that he is very inferior, that he must respect any one who is better to him. When he graduated at the university, when he was lucky when he met Lady Catherine , when he is going to inherit Mr. Bennet, this makes him self-conceit. This mixture of self importance, self conceit, of the subjection, humility, servility came to him by nature and by up bringing through his father, through his circumstances, through his education, through his inheritance by nature.

Finished

[عسولة الشرقية]

وااااو


مع اني مالي دخل لكن


شكرا على هالمجهود الجبار

[Diligent]

lecture 3Give a summery of the important things in chapter 6- 10

Jane Bennet got an invitation دعوةfrom Miss Bingley.
We have this dialogue between Elizabeth Bennet and Charlotte Lucas.
We have Mr. and Mrs. Phillips. They are relativesأقارب of the Bennets.
We have a new term in the feeling of Darcy towards Elizabeth. He is thinking about her as being just tolerableمتسامح. Now, he is talking about the fine eyes in her face. He begins to love her.
· When we read theses five chapters, we will know more about the characters.
· We meet new characters.
· There is a mention of Mr. Collins- a cousin of the Bennets- he is an important character.
· We are going to discover things about characters, about themes, about the narrative technique that Jane Austin is using.
· All the items are getting revealed and developed as we are reading.
The names of some of the places in the novel:
We have the name of Longbourn,. It is being repeated since the beginning of the novel till the end. It is one of the settings of the novel. It is the village where the Bennets are living. It is a very important place. The Bennets have their house in the village of LongbournThe Bennets own an estateمقاطعة – it gives them the income دخلof 2000 a year- it is a moderate معتدل- متوسطsize estate- in this village, there is also this house that is called Netherfield. It is the house that was rented ئؤجرby Mr. Bingley. It is not owned by him. He will be living there with his sister- the unmarried sister- Miss Bingley. Now, he has as a guest his married sister Mrs. Hurst She is staying with him for a time. Mr. Darcy also comes as a guest ضيفand is staying with him in that house.
Darcy has an estate of his own which is far from this neighborhood Pemberley He inherited this estate from his father. Whoever Lady is going to marry Mr. Darcy will be called lady Pemberley It is a very aristocratic and important estate.
· We have a place called Meryton . It is like a small market town. People live in Meryton are middle class period. They are not aristocrats.
· We have Mrs. Philips ,The aunt of the 5 daughters. She is living in Meryton . Because she is living there, it means that she is a middle class person.
· Mr. Bingley begins to like Jane. He is contemplating ىتأملmarriage. The sisters of Mr. Bingley , when they are talking about Jane, they say that she is beautiful and nice enough,, has a kind nature, but her family is not so good as she is. The mother is very vulgar وقحand talkativeكثير الكلام. The mother has a sister that lives in Meryton – it is something negative, a disadvantage عيبagainst the girl. The aunt is married to a clerkكاتب- a lawyerمحامي. The Bennets family is below the Bingleys.
· The places in the novel help us to understand the events. they refer to persons who love in these places, their social status- المكانة الاجتماعية
· Meryton is going to play an important role in the novel. It does not only have Mrs., Philips, it also has some shops. It is a nearby قريبmarket town. There are shops that are called a milliner shopsمحل لبيع القبعات النسائية- an accessory اكسسوراتshop. It is near to the house of Mrs. Philips. This is going to play an important roleدور in the action. The two youngest daughters, Lydia and Catharine used to go morning visit to their aunt and go shopping. All the time they want to see the officers. Near Meryton there is the head quarterمقر of a military regimentكتيبة عسكرية. When the girls go there, they do not only see the aunt and go shopping, but they also meet these officersضباط. The officers will play an important role in the novel.
· Meryton is the place where are the shops and where the middle class is living. There are some officers- some of them are married- some of them are not married. They have their head quarter near the town of Meryton.
Chapter 6

We have a conversation between Elizabeth and Charlotte-
THE LADIES OF LONGBOURN soon waited on those of Netherfield. The visit was returned in due form.
The ladies of Longbourn are Mrs. Bennet and her daughters.
The ladies of Netherfield are the two sisters of Mr. Bingley. The unmarried sister ids called Miss Bingley- Caroline Bingley- and the other sister is Mrs.Hurst- Her name is Luisa Hurst.
After the dancing party, the lady got acquaintedيتعرف على in the party. The ladies are now going to visit Netherfield. They are going to returnيرد الزيارة the visit. The ladies of the two places, Longbourn and Netherfield know each other very well. They met in the party and now they are visiting each other.
Miss Bennet's pleasing manners grew on the good-will of Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley; and though the mother was found to be intolerable, and the younger sisters not worth speaking to, a wish of being better acquainted with them was expressed toward the two eldest.

Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst- the two sisters of Bingley have noticed that Jane has a pleasant manner. She is kind. She does not have any mean or cunningماكر thinking in her character.

Things are complicated.The rules of the social decorum الذوق الاجتماعيare very complicated. The two sisters of Mrs. Bingley went to Longbourn and visited the Bennets. They say that Jane is very pleasant and sweet. Her second sister Elizabeth is not as beautiful as she is but she seems well-mannered. But the mother and the other sisters are intolerableغير متسامح. They can not tolerate knowing them.
By Jane this attention was received with the greatest of pleasure; but Elizabeth still saw superciliousness in their treatment of everybody, hardly excepting even her sister, and could not like them;
Jane and Elizabeth are sisters. They are close friends. They are both fine and good mannered young women. But their characters are totally different. Elizabeth is smarter. She is more critical ناقدof people. Jane accepts every body, but Elizabeth is thinking.
Superciliousness= pride- arrogant مغرور

Elizabeth notices that although the sisters are behaving in a kind manner towards her and Jane, but they feel that they are superior to them. Elizabeth would not accept their attention as easily as her sister. This is what we mean by the different characters of the two sisters. The reaction of Elizabeth is different from that of Jane. Elizabeth notices that they are so proud. She does not very much like them.

· One of the methods of characterization= the way how characters are depictedيرسم and developed- through having a contrast تناقضwith other characters- a contrast in the reaction of two characters. Here, we have the two sisters. They are reacting towards Bingley's sisters, but their reaction is different. By showing the contrast of the reaction of the two characters, we come to know that they have different characters. So, it is one of the methods of characterization by contrasting characters to each other and by showing the different reaction of characters from each other.

though their kindness to Jane, such as it was, had a value, as arising, in all probability, from the influence of their brother's admiration.

These are the thoughts of Elizabeth. She is a smart one. All the time, she is analyzing things.

She says that it is true that she does not like the Bingley's sister. There is a certain value in their manner to her sister. It arises from the attention of their brother. It means that their brother cares about her sister that is why the two sisters, although they are proud, they have to pay attention to her. It has a certain value. They are proud, arrogantمغرور, she does not like them, but she says that it is good that they are giving this attention to her sister because this means that their brother is also caring about her sister. This shows how very critical Elizabeth is. She is all the time judging يحكمand analyzingيحلل, thinking about anything that happens. Jane simply takes things as they are on the surface. She does not analyzeيحلل things. She thinks that every body is nice.
It was generally evident whenever they met, that he did admire her and to her it was equally evident that Jane was yielding to the preference which she had begun to entertain for him from the first, and was in a way to be very much in love; but she considered with pleasure that it was not likely to be discovered by the world in general, since Jane united with great strength of feeling a composure of temper and a uniform cheerfulness of manner, which would guard her from the suspicions of the impertinent. She mentioned this to her friend, Miss Lucas.
These are the thoughts of Elizabeth. This is how she thinks of Mr. Bingley and her sister Jane. She says that everybody in the society can see that Bingley is attractedينجذب to Jane. She knows that her sister is attracted to him and she seems to be about to fall in love with him- to get something more than admirationإعجاب. The good thing is that her sister has strong feelings but she can control her feelings and she can hide them so that not every body will know that she is in love. Because it would be a big scandal if anybody in the neighborhood جيرانsuspectsيشك that Jane is in love with Bingley before he proposes يتقدم لخطبةto marry her.
Elizabeth is talking about this social decorum. She is happy that her sister Jane is not breaking the rules of the social decorum. She is attracted to the man, but no body could know that she is attracted to him. It is because Jane is sweet to everybody. She is not only talking to Bingley. She is talking to everyone and being cheerfulمبتهج to them. No one noticed that there is something extra in her treatment to Bingley.
So, social decorum is very important to these people.
Elizabeth and Charlotte Lucas have a conversation on this topic- about the feeling of Bingley and Jane, whether they are going to get married or not. Through this conversation, we will get a very clear distinctionتمييز between Elizabeth and Charlotte. They are close friends, but they do not think in the same manner. They think differently.
Now Charlotte is replaying to what Elizabeth said
It may, perhaps, be pleasant,” replied Charlotte, “to be able to impose on the public in such a case; but it is sometimes a disadvantage to be so very guarded. If a woman conceals her affection with the same skill from the object of it, she may lose the opportunity of fixing him; and it will then be but poor consolation to believe the world equally in the dark.
Charlotte is a very logical person. She is a young woman. She thinks that she can hideيخبئ her affectionمشاعر from the object of it- from the one whom she loves. She can hide her affection from any one in the society, but she should not hide it from her lover, she might lose him. She may give a hint or else she will lose him.
She is a very reasonable and sensibleحساس person. She thinks on things on the logical way. It is very bit different from Elizabeth.
There is so much of gratitude or vanity in almost every attachment, that it is not safe to leave any to itself. We can all begin freely—a slight preference is natural enough; but there are very few of us who have heart enough to be really in love without encouragement.
She is as if commenting يعلق علىon life in general. She is wise, like a mother although she is young. She is rationalعقلى, using her mind. She is not emotionalعاطفي.
She is saying that every relationship can begin by liking, but it should be encouragedيشجع otherwise it would remain just preferenceتفضيل; it will not develop into something else.
She is afraid that if Jane hides her feelings from every one including the young man- the object of affection- then she is going to lose the young man.
In nine cases out of ten a woman had better show more affection than she feels. Bingley likes your sister undoubtedly; but he may never do more than like her, if she does not help him on.”
She seems to be making like statisticsاحصائيات.
She insists on the same meaning that Bingley like Jane, it is better that she show him that she loves him.
This is the way that Charlotte is thinking. It would be better for Jane to give him a hint اشارةthat she loves him or to encourage him so that she will secure him as a husband.
Elizabeth disagreesيختلف with Charlotte. She is going to defend يدافعher sister.
But she does help him on, as much as her nature will allow. If I can perceive her regard for him, he must be a simpleton indeed not to discover it too.”
Jane helps Bingley in the form that her nature will allow her.
Elizabeth thinks that as she can see that Jane likes Bingley, so Bingley could also see it. if he does not see it, he is a stupid man.
Remember, Eliza, that he does not know Jane's disposition as you do.”
“But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavor to conceal it, he must find it out.”
Charlotte says that Elizabeth can see that because Jane is her sister, but Bingley is just a stranger. He met her few times. He does not know her well. If she does not encourageيشجع him, he will not know that she likes him.
Elizabeth does not want Jane to do anything, to go out of her nature.
Charlotte points to a very wise fact- she is like the voice of wisdom- the voice of reason.
“Perhaps he must, if he sees enough of her. But though Bingley and Jane meet tolerably often, it is never for many hours together; and as they always see each other in large mixed parties, it is impossible that every moment should be employed in conversing together. Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention. When she is secure of him, there will be leisure for falling in love as much as she chooses.”
If they spend time with each other, he would know that she likes him. They meet often but they do not stay for many hours together. As they always see each other in large mixed parties, with many people around them, it is impossible that they would converse together.
She is saying a very convincing مقنعpoint. They do meet but they are never alone. They only stay with each other for only few minutes in the midst of many people. She should give him a chance to discover her. Because the society will never allow it to happen, because of the social decorum, then Jane has to do something, to give a hint to encourage him till she secures him then she can have all the time and leisure وقت الفراغwith him.
Elizabeth is going to give an important remark.
Your plan is a good one,” replied Elizabeth, “where nothing is in question but the desire of being well married; and if I were determined to get a rich husband, or any husband, I dare say I should adopt it. But these are not Jane's feelings; she is not acting by design. As yet she cannot even be certain of the degree of her own regard, nor of its reasonableness. She has known him only a fortnight. She danced four dances with him at Meryton; she saw him one morning at his own house, and has since dined in company with him four times. This is not quite enough to make her understand his character.”

Charlotte can convince anyone. She convinces Elizabeth. The desire of Jane is not to get married. Jane is not acting by desire. She has known him for only 2 weeks. This is not quite enough to make her understand his character.
All this tells us many things about the characters, the wise, logical, rational Charlotte Lucas who is using her mind, never using her heart. We find Elizabeth who is smart, clever, but she is impulsive, using her feelings towards her sister or her feelings in general. She does not want her sister to do anything to try to show her preference for the man in a very open way.
The dialogue also gives us a hint to the important theme in the novel which is the theme of marriage.
There are two types of marriage. A young woman would have a desire to get married to a respectable man who is handsome and rich. If this was the design, the plan of Jane, may be she should encourage the man. But there is another sort of marriage that Elizabeth seems to be defending. She says that her sister does not have any desire to catch a husband. She likes Bingley but still she is not sure of her feelings, she still thinks that she needs to know him better, she might think of him as a husband if she gets a better chance of knowing the nature of the character of this man. It seems that the two Bennet sisters- Jane and Elizabeth are thinking of marriage which is built on knowing the man, understanding him, getting to respect and love him, not just the fact that he is rich and handsome. Whereas Charlotte thinks that it is acceptableمقبول for a young woman to try to get a husband on a certain condition that he is rich, handsome or pleasant.
All this is important not only because it tells us about the characters, or about the theme of marriage and the two different types discussed about marriage, but because it tells us something that is very important, about the way that Jane Austin is following in making the characterization. She is always preparing the readers. She will never surprise the readers. Readers are always prepared. We know that Charlotte is wise. She thinks that a woman might try to get her a suitable husband and love is not a necessity, not one of the basic necessities of marriage. She can marry a man even if she does not love him.
Later on, when Charlotte gets married, she is going to make a choice. She will choose a certain man. If we are not prepared to the fact that she is a rational woman and that she is not thinking about her feelings that she is ready to marry without love if there are other conditions that make the marriage suitableمناسب. If we had not known this, we would have been surprised by her choice of marriage.
So, characters are very well constructed. We are very much well prepared to the characters.
Another example to show that we are prepared by Jane Austin to know about the characters is when we are told that Lydia and Catharine used to go shopping and visiting their aunt. With the pretence يتظاهرof going to the milliner, they want to see the officers. We are prepared with many things about the character of Lydia. She is the youngest of the 5 daughters. She is the favorite of the mother. She is very young- 16 years old. She should not be introduced to society at this very early age. But because the mother favors her, she takes her with her whenever she goes. Lydia is very frank and open. She talks to everyone about whatever comes to her mind. She meets Mr. Bingley. She just knew him once in the dancing ball. Then, she meets him another time, she asks him to make a dancing ball at his house and invite them. She has no shyness خجلat all.
After many chapters, Lydia is going to bring a scandal to the family. She will elope with Wickham, one of the officers. Because we are prepared to her character, we are not surprised that she behavesيتصرف in that manner.
Chapter 7

We have an authorial commentary. She speaks about the property of Mr. Bennet.

MR. BENNET'S PROPERTY consisted almost entirely in an estate of two thousand a year, which, unfortunately for his daughters, was entailed, in default of heirs male, on a distant relation
He is an owner of land. He owns a moderate estate. The estate is getting them an income دخلof 2000 a year.
When the father dies, the land is not going to the daughters. It will go to the next male relative- Mr. Collins- this is the laws of inheritance at the time of Jane Austin.
The daughters will not inherit يرثtheir father. They will find themselves without any money or any property because the land is entailed to one of the male elatives.
This is a reference اشارة الىto the realistic laws of inheritance in England at that time.
This passage is telling us that the novel is realistic- about the law of inheritanceقانون الميراث. It tells us about the state of affairs for the daughters- that they have a very poor chance of getting married.
It also prepares us for a fact that will happen later. The family has this male relativeقريب. He will be one of the characters of the novel. He may say that if he proposes to one of the daughters, they are going to welcome him, because if he marries one of the girls, the money, the estate is going to stay with one of the daughters. So, he will think of making a proposal of marriage for one of the girls felling that he is a very good man to propose
; and their mother's fortune, though ample for her situation in life, could but ill supply the deficiency of his. Her father had been an attorney at Meryton, and had left her four thousand pounds.

This tells us that the mother is from the middle class. She has her own money, her own fortune that is enough for her needs but it is not enough to be divided among the five daughters. Her father left her 4000 pounds.

We get to know that the Bennets are middle class. They are not very rich, especially in case of the death of the father. Till now, they are o.k. they have the fortune of the father and of the mother. But if the time comes and the daughters are getting married, each one is supposed to take a sum of money with her when she gets married. This sum is not going to be a very big one.

She had a sister married to a Mr. Philips, who had been a clerk to their father, and succeeded him in the business, and a brother settled in London in a respectable line of trade.

Mrs. Bennet has a sister married to Mr. Philips. He was working with the father of Mrs. Bennet. When the father died, he got the office of his father.
She has a brother who settles in London. He is a merchant.
Bingley's sisters are talking about the Bennet family, they say that although the girl herself is O. k, she seems to be polite and well married; they will make reference to Jane's uncle who lives in a poor district in London, and to her aunt.
The Bingley sisters are going to send a note of dinner invitation to Jane only. They will not invite even Elizabeth. The mother is going to be very happy because her daughter is going to Bingley's house that he might meet her and like her. But, she discovers that he will not be there.
It is raining. She will send her daughter on a horse back. They may ask her to stay the night there and she will see Bingley the next day.
She is planning for her daughter to meet Bingley. She thinks that it is her duty as a mother to secure good husbands for her daughters.
Mr. Bennet does not object to her. He tells her that if Jane dies, she will die in pursuit on Bingley. He is all the time making fun of his wife.
There is humor, but there is realism at the same time. There are mothers like that.
So, we have this realism combined with humor.
It is from Miss Bingley,” said Jane, and then read it aloud:
“My Dear Friend: If you are not so compassionate as to dine to-day with Louisa and me, we shall be in danger of hating each other for the rest of our lives; for a whole day's tete-a-tete between two women can never end without a quarrel. Come as soon as you can on receipt of this. My brother and the gentlemen are to dine with the officers.

Yours ever,

“Caroline Bingley”

This is the invitation sent by Miss Bingley to Jane.
It is a written note.
What is the style of this written note?

It is not the same style of the novel. This is a different style. It is supposed to be the style of Caroline Bingley. It is supposed to tell us about her character.

The style is very complex and sophisticatedمعقد. She is not speaking in a simple manner.

It is a formal style in an indirect manner. She pretendsيتظاهر to be informalغير رسمى. She pretends to be making a joke.

tete-a-tete= very intimate conversation

she tells Jane if she does not come, she will be alone with her sister Luisa. They will have tete-a-tete that usually ends with a quarrelيتشاجر.
She pretends to be joking, but we feel that there is something artificial مصطنعand very affected- not natural, not simple.
She uses French words to show that she is better than her.
This gives us a hint about the character of Caroline Bingley. We can feel that she is a well educated woman. She comes of a good family. She is supposed to have good income, but she is very supercilious= arrogant- proud. She is very condescending to people. She is acting as if people are below than her. She has a condescending متفاخرattitude.
· One method of characterization that Jane Austin is using is using a written note by a character that it can tell us about the character.
Jane will go to visit these people. It will be raining heavily. She will go on horse back. She will be very wet. After dinner, she is going to catch cold and feverحمى. Next morning, she will send a letter to Elizabeth.
My Dearest Lizzy: I find myself very unwell this morning, which, I suppose, is to be imputed to my getting wet through yesterday. My kind friends will not hear of my returning home till I am better. They insist also on my seeing Mr. Jones; therefore do not be alarmed if you should hear of his having been to me; and, excepting a sore throat and headache, there is not much the matter with me.

Yours, etc.”

Her style is simple. Jane is a very caring person. She knows that her family is going to be worried when they hear that the doctor is sent for to see her. She does not want her family to worry or to get anxiousمتحفز.
She mentions that the Bingley's are kind to her. They are well mannered and hospitableمضياف. She is always saying nice things about people.
She is not the exaggerating type of people. She is not exaggerating يبالغher sickness. She wants things to be understood as being simple.
· When we are talking about characterization- how the characters are constructedيبنى, there are many techniques. Direct commentary is one of the techniques, the technique of narration and the technique of characterization. Dialogue between characters can be one method of showing us the characters. Written documents like notes or letters can tell us things about characters. Contrasting two characters together is another method. Action is one way of depicting يرسمcharacters.
When Elizabeth discovers that her sister is ill, she is going to do something that will show us that she is very impulsive. When she has strong feeling about something, she would not care about what people would say.
Her action shows her character. She decides to go to see Jane alone. There are no horses , so she decides to walk although it is raining very hard. She walked through the mud الطينand the rain. When she went there, she did not care at all about her appearance. She was disheveledغير مرتب, her dress was dirty, and her hair was not tidy. She was sure that the Bingley's sisters are going to wonder how she comes in this appearance, uninvited, alone. She knew that they were going to criticize her and to say negative comments about her but she did not care. She only cares about her relation with her sister. Her relation with her sister comes first. She does not care about anything else.
This is one of the few actions that we find someone breaking the rules of social decorum that is supposed to be respected by everybody.
Elizabeth cares about the rules of the social decorum but she cares more about her sister. She is not a one who does not respect the social decorum. She is a very committed person, a very respectable محترمyoung lady. But when it comes to her feelings with her sister, she is impulsiveمندفع. She will act upon her feelings. She will do whatever her heart will tell her in this situation.
· This is what is meant by action telling us about the characters.
The mother wants her daughter to stay long in the Bingley's house. She wants her to get married.

Finished