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تنويه الترجمة منقولة من رضوان ( أمانة علمية ) :58545:

[meedia]

The natural sound source
مصدر الصوت الطبيعي:

A/ ‘Bow-wow’ Theory
Primitive words could have been imitations of the natural sounds. This type of view has been called the ‘bow-wow’ theory of language origin. it is true that a number of words in any language are onomatopoeic (echoing natural sounds), it is hard to see how most of the soundless as well as abstract things in our world could have been referred to in a language that simply echoed natural sounds.


هناك عدة نظريات في هذا الخصوص.
الأولى: نظرية Bow-wow
هناك بعض الكلمات تحاكي الأصوات الطبيعية, (مثل كلمة "رعد" التي تشبه صوت الرعد, أو كلمة "كحة" التي تشبه صوت الكحة) والكلمات التي تحاكي الأصوات الطبيعية تسمى onomatopoeic (صدى الأصوات الطبيعية), من الصعب تطبيق هذه النظرية على جميع الكلمات في اللغة, لأن هناك الكثير من الكلمات لا علاقة لها بالأصوات, (مثل كلمة "كتاب" أو كلمة "نظر" أو كلمة "بيت")

[ام رركاز]

ممتـــــــــــــاز كملــي

[meedia]

B/ Natural Cries of Emotion Theory
الثانية: نظرية الصرخات أو الأصوات العاطفية أو الحسية الطبيعية:
Original sounds of language may have come from natural cries of emotion such as pain, anger and joy. Interjections such as Ah!, Ooh!, Wow! or Yuck!, are usually produced with sudden intakes of breath, which is the opposite of ordinary talk. We normally produce spoken language on exhaled breath.

الأصوات الأصلية في اللغة ربما أتت من أصوات حسية مثل الألم أو الغضب أو الاستمتاع. صيغ التعجب مثل Ah!, Ooh!, Wow! or Yuck!تصدر عادة مع إدخال الهواء (شهيق) وبشكل مفاجئ, عكس الكلام العادي, الذي يصدر بإخراج الهواء.

[angle KFU 2011]

مرحباااا هذه اجوبه الاسئله الي كتبها الاخ رضوان الله يجزاه خير
المحاضرة الاولى
طبعا سؤال والجواب تحته
يعني من غير خيارااااات



Acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx

D)
Pharynx

Question 2 of 18
Who knows how language is originated

B)
Nobody knows


Question 3 of 18
All other cases of children who have been discovered living in isolation, without coming into contact with human speech, tend to confirm the results of the two famous 'divine-source' experiments


B)
False
Points: 0 out of 1
Question 4 of 18
The results of the few experiments which have been carried out in an attempt to rediscover the original God-given language were:


A)
Conflicting

Question 5 of 18
Human lips are much more flexible than those of other primates. This helps in making sounds like:


D)
b & p

Question 6 of 18
A number of words in any language are onomatopoeic (echoing natural sounds):


A)
Bow-wow theory


Question 7 of 18
Speaking and object manipulation (making or using tools) are largely confined to:



A)
The left hemisphere of the brain for most humans

Question 8 of 18
"The sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language, especially when that physical effort involved several people and had to be coordinated."


B)
Yo-he-ho theory

Question 9 of 18
All attempts to find out about the origin of language are:



A)
Mere speculations

Question 10 of 18
Which part of the body is responsible for combining noises to produce complex message?



A)
Brain

Question 11 of 18
Humans are born with



B)
Special capacity of language

Question 12 of 18
In most religions, there appears to be _______ source who provides humans with language

D)
A divine

Question 13 of 18
Apes cannot make the sound of f or v, because their teeth are:

C)
Slanting outwards

Question 14 of 18
The human tongue, compared to other primates, is:



A)
Smaller, thicker and more muscular

Question 15 of 18
Very young children living without access to human language in their early years grow up with:

D)
No language at all

Question 16 of 18
We suspect that some type of spoken language developed


Note: This question displayed answer options in random order when taking this test.

A)
between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago

Question 17 of 18
In the "Natural cries of emotion" theory, spoken language produced:

D)
With sudden intakes of a breath

Question 18 of 18
The gene that makes humans capable of acquiring language is:
B)
Language gene

[ام رركاز]

تفضلو تلخيص محاضره الاولـــي

[angle KFU 2011]

المحاضرة الثانيه

Duality of levels is one of the most economical features of human language because

B)
with a limited set of discrete sounds, we are capable of producing a very large number of sound combinations


Question 2 of 13
Among other creatures, each communicative signal appears to be

D)
a single fixed form that cannot be broken down into separate parts.

Question 3 of 13
Bee communication has

A)
displacement in an extremely limited form

Question 4 of 13
A property of language that allows users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment

C)
Displacement

Question 5 of 13
Humans Acquire a language in culture


B)
With other speakers

Question 6 of 13
A property of language that allows users to create new expressions


A)
Productivity

Question 7 of 13
A property of language whereby linguistic forms have two simultaneous levels of sound production and meaning, also called 'double articulation'

Correct answer: C)
Selected answer: No answer given


C)
duality

Question 8 of 13
The process whereby knowledge of a language is passed from one generation to the next

B)
Cultural transmission

Question 9 of 13
What kind of signals animals usually produce?

B)
Communicative signals


Question 10 of 13
A behavior used intentionally to provide information


D)
Communicative signals

Question 11 of 13
There are some words in language with sounds that seem to 'echo' the sounds of objects or activities and hence seem to have a less arbitrary connection


B)
Onomatopoeic words

Question 12 of 13
Results of experiments to teach chimpanzees human language were


B)
poor

Question 13 of 13
Property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between a linguistic form and its meaning

A)
Arbitrariness

[meedia]

Acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx

D)
Pharynx

مافهمت هل السؤال
الباقي واضح الحمد لله

[meedia]

C/ ‘Yo-he-ho’ Theory
It says that the sounds of a person involved in physical effort could be the source of our language, especially when that physical effort involved several people and had to be coordinated. The appeal of this theory is that it places the development of human language in some social context. It does not, however, answer our question regarding the origins of the sounds produced.


نظرية yo-he-ho
تقول هذه النظرية أن الأصوات التي يصدرها الشخص أثناء قيامه بمجهود بدني ربما كانت هي مصدر لغتنا, خاصة عندما يكون هذا الجهد البدني من عدة أشخاص في نفس الوقت ويفترض بهم ان يتعاونوا في فعله. تحاول هذه النظرية أن تجعل من السياق الاجتماعي مصدرا للغة. ولكنها لا تجيب على أسئلتنا بخصوص مصدر اللغة.

[angle KFU 2011]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة meedia

Acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx

D)
Pharynx

مافهمت هل السؤال
الباقي واضح الحمد لله

The pharynx, البلعوم
It is above the vocal cords which increase range and clarity of the sounds produced via the larynx.
البلعوم وهو فوق الاحبال الصوتيه وهي تعمل علي زياده المدي والوضوح لاصوات المنتجه عبر الحنجرة

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