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| منتدى كلية العلوم و الآداب بالخفجي منتدى كلية العلوم و الآداب بالخفجي ; مساحة للتعاون و تبادل الخبرات بين طالبات كلية العلوم و الآداب بالخفجي و نقل آخر الأخبار و المستجدات . |
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أدوات الموضوع |
2010- 3- 17
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#11 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
اهلين شباب وصبايا .....
وشاكرة لكم حماسكم وردكم على موضوعى ... وانا اسفة اسفة اسفة جدا علشان البنات الي وعدتهم اني راح انزلة اليوم بس حصل عطل عندي فى الطابعة وبكرة ان شاء الله اصلحها. |
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التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة white cat ; 2010- 3- 17 الساعة 11:38 PM |
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2010- 3- 18
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#12 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
مافيه إستجابات.. اوتفاعلات !!
لي باك .. |
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2010- 3- 18
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#13 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
بسم الله نبداء.
هذا تاريخ اللغة المحاضرة الاولى بس فى ملاحظة مهمه . اي وحدة تطبع الاوراق تلاقى فرغات وهي الرموز و لازم تجيني اي يوم علشان ارسمها .... والى مافهم الملاحظه يقولى علشان افهمه.ok |
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التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة white cat ; 2010- 3- 18 الساعة 07:41 PM |
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2010- 3- 18
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#14 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
History of English (1st lecture)
1_ Circumstances which led to the subjugation of English after the Norman Conquest. Norman Conquest was followed by the subjugation of English and the establishment of Norman French. William the conqueror's accession to the throne of England led to several results. The most important was the introduction of a new nobility (Normans) in place of the old one. Normans belonging to various strata of society had settled in England after the conquest. The governing class consisted entirely of Normans. They continued to use French language for some 200 years after the conquest. French become a mark of social distinction. English was looked down upon by the ruling Normans. Through intermarriage and association with the ruling class, English men began to speak French. This state of affairs led to the subjugation of English. Another reason was the continued contact with the continent (Europe). The English kings spent a lot of their time in France. For e.g.: 1- William was the king of England and the duke of Normandy . 2- Henry 1 united the two domains. English kings also married outside England. What was true of the royalty applied also to the nobility. This led to the creation of an Anglo French aristocracy. Churchmen and merchants were compelled to go abroad. All these led to a close contact with the continent. And this contact led to the continued use of French in England. English became the speech of the mass of the people. ---- 2_ Influence of the Norman Conquest on the development of the English language. The Norman Conquest [1066- 1200] of England had a great effect on the English language. It was followed by the subjugation of English and the establishment of Norman French as the language of the rulers of the country. Hence English was greatly influenced by French. A – Influence on vocabulary. 1- English was enriched by the use of a large number of French words. 2- Knowledge of French introduced the English to the continental literature. 3- French loan words reflects the relation between the French and English- that of master and servant. 4- The words relating to law, government and property. 5- Military terms. E.g. war, battle, arms. 6- All the commonest designation of classes of tradesmen. E.g. the butcher, the barber, the tailor. 7- The terms denoting family relationships. 8- The French word 'face' was adopted. 9- The literary adoption of French words had begun in the twelfth century day. 10- The custom of adopting Latin words by way of French paved the way for extensive borrowings from Latin. 11- English rejected a large number of words of Anglo Saxon origin. B - Influence on Grammar: 1- English adopted the endings for forming the feminine nouns like tigress, lioness etc. The ending has been used for designations of persons as in poetess, authoress, mana geress etc 2- English adopted an additional mode of expressing the notion of the possessive case. The additional expression was the son of David. 3- The plural 'you' was substituted for the singular 'thou' in the second person. This many be traced to Latin language where a great person was addressed ' you' instead of 'thou' corresponding to the 'we' used by such a person in place of I. C – Decay of inflectional system: The decay of the old English inflexional system has been partly due to French influence. When the inflexions were lost there were no means of distinguishing the noun in the nominative case from the noun in the accusative case except by assigning a fixed place to each in the sentence. D – Replacement of grammatical gender: The decay of inflections made it difficult to recognize the gender of a noun. In this way the grammatical gender was replaced by natural gender. E – Changes in orthography: (the system of spelling in a language. Some of the English spelling conventions go back to old English while others have been introduced by Norman French scribes after the Norman conquest. This accounts for the different spellings of the /s/ sound in mouse and mice. Again the French scribes were responsible for the introduction of - th spelling to represent the (…….) and (……..) occurring in thing and this respectively. The long sound ( u: ) of old English came to be written under French as o u. thus old English ' hu:s' became hous and mu:s became mous. ---- Conclusion: The Norman Conquest was an event of the most far-reaching consequences on the English language. |
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2010- 3- 18
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#15 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
تاريخ اللغة المحاضرة الثانية .
ملاحظة الرموز ايضا غير مكتوبة + الخريطه Middle English period (1150-1500) Essay : Middle English period marks the transition in the language between the old English (450 – 1150) period and Modern English (1500 - present). Various changes that happened during the Middle English period. French Words: Middle English vocabulary became a heterogeneous one due to the loan words from Scandinavian and French languages (Norman Conquest). The French words that entered the language were those relating to the customs, ideas and ways of life characteristic of Normans. Latin Words: A good number of Latin words-mostly technical. Legal and ecclesiastic terms- were introduced into language during this period. E.g.: pauper, ********************alent, legitimate, index, scribe, simile, memento etc. Words of Native origin – Many words of native origin gradually disappeared. Scandinavian or French ********************alents were used to replace them. Change in grammatical structure: The Middle English period is called as the period of "levelled inflexions". The old English inflexional endings gradually decayed during this period. E.g.: Old English Middle English 1- Varied endings for the nominative and accusative plurals (-as-a, an ,e ,u) reduced to 'as' 2- Genitive endings [es, a, -an, -e] reduced to -es 3- A tendencies to form - Plurals ending in –en. E.g.: shoon terwen (shoes) (trees) 4- later (14th century) –es plurals were generally accepted . 5- 'e' was a common inflexional ending. E.g.: love (disyllabic in middle English) 6-A single form of the definite article and the adjective came to be used in all cases, genders and numbers. 7- Grammatical gender 7- Natural gender Eg: wif ( neuter gender) Wife –feminine gender French usages: 'French usages were introduced into English. E.g.: the preposition 'of'. So, the normal usage to express genitive case [ Davides sunu] was expressed using 'of' (the son of David) Monosyllabic adjectives continued to form the comparative and superlative through inflexional endings. E.g.: long – longer - longest. Polysyllabic words mostly of French origin resorted to the analytical form. E.g.: beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful. Change in pronominal system: The levelling of inflexional ending caused much confusion. The confusion was resolved to an extend by substituting Scandinavian pronouns for native ones. The Scandinavian pronouns are represented in modern she, they, them, their. The Old English pronoun for the first person singular (ic) changed into the modern form 'I' by the beginning of the 13th century. Change in pronunciation and spelling: Middle English was different from old English in pronunciation and spelling. • During the old English period the spelling was more or less phonetic. E.g. Father – (a) Sat – æ thing –………. then – ……. During the middle English period the letter ……………. went out of use and /p/ was retained initially and in some positions the 'th' spelling was substituted. • The front consonant in the old English word cirice came to be indicated by the 'ch' spelling and thus the modern spelling of church was established. • The long 'u' was indicated in spelling by 'ou' and thus Old English 'hus' came to be written as 'hous' though there was no change in pronunciation at the time. • 'u' was written as 'o' in the neighborhood of m, v, n and w ( come, love, son and foel). But it was pronounced as (u) in Middle English. • Old English 'a' (stan) was changed into the rounded vowel (o) as in stone. • The close long 'o' of Old English was pronounced as 'oa' (boat) in M.E. • Close long (e:) was pronounced like the 'a' in state. • The open long (e) had the pronunciation of 'a' in hare. • The Old English 'f' which had become voiced between vowels came to be written as v. (E.g. love, over, devil) • Long vowels in M.E spelling were indicated by the doubling of the short vowel. Thus root was the spelling for rot. • The find e, es, ed and e were sounded in M.E. later they became silent in modern English. • The sound expressed by 'sc' in Old English was indicated by 'sch' or 'sh in Middle English. (O.E) sceal – (Mod.Eng) shall. • O.E 'cw' was substituted by 'qu' (O.E) cwene – (Mod.Eng) queen. • In short there's a great difference in pronunciation between the earlier and later forms of the language. -------------------------------------------- Short note : Dialectical diversity of Middle English: In the absence of any recognized literary standard before the close of the Old English period, writers used to write in the dialect of that part of the country to which they belonged. There was an intensification of dialectical diversity in the Middle English period and the language of one country is found to be different from that of another. Often remarkable variations are found in the dialect of the same country. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to demarcate the area where a particular dialect was spoken or used in writing. Roughly, four dialects of Middle English can be distinguished. 1- The Northern dialect was used in the region extending as far south as the Humber river. 2- East Midland Dialect The area between the Humber and the Thames 3- West Midland Dialect rivers was dominated by these dialects. 4- Southern Dialect – Iit had its domain in the district lying south of river Thames. It was also used in Gloucestershire and some parts of the countries of Worchester and Herford. It thus covered the West Saxon and Kentish districts of old English. |
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2010- 3- 20
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#16 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
بنات اللي سهرانه منكم والقت نظره على الموضوع..
وبكره علينا شعر تتفظل تقول لي..وشهي قصيدة بكره؟ وهل على القصيده الماضيه اسئلة؟ . . انتظركم..ولو ان التفاعل قليل :) |
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2010- 3- 20
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#17 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
التفاعل وللأسف عدم
. . المهم من أجل مصلحة الجميع ياليت بكره بعد محاضرة العميده..نطلب منها انشاء مركز تصوير دكان تصوير دريشة تصوير المهم مكان نصور منه وولا تتأجل علينا الاوراق اسبوع اسبوعين . . اتفقنــــا؟ |
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2010- 3- 22
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#18 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
باك
مع اللا تفاعل ! المهم بسألكم: بكره عندنا اختبار تاريخ اللغه شفوي.. كيف شفوي..؟وشهو اسلوبها يعني.. كل بنت لها سؤال؟ ولا سؤال واي وحده تجاوب عليه؟ ومن كم الدرجه؟ الاختبار هذا serious ولا عادي؟؟ ابي افهم . . وياليت يكون فيه تجاوب أجل ليه مثبتينه؟؟؟!!!!!! |
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2010- 3- 24
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#19 |
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أكـاديـمـي
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
مررررررررررررررررحبا
ادري متأخرة بس لابتوبي كان خربان ويسلمووووووو وايت كات وفور إن شاء الله فيه تفاعل |
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2010- 3- 25
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#20 |
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أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: خاص لطالبات رابع انجليزي
فرست ليدي اي تفاعل؟
كان انتي بتتفاعلين معي..كلام ثاني  يعني خير وبركه  تدرين احس ان بنات الكلاس..متجمعين في منتدى ثاني  |
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| مواقع النشر (المفضلة) |
| الكلمات الدلالية (Tags) |
| لطالبات, انجليزى, خاص, رابع |
| الذين يشاهدون محتوى الموضوع الآن : 1 ( الأعضاء 0 والزوار 1) | |
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المواضيع المتشابهه
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| الموضوع | كاتب الموضوع | المنتدى | مشاركات | آخر مشاركة |
| خاص لطالبات رابع دراسات (تخريج الحديث) | بنت حواء1429 | منتدى كلية الآداب بالدمام | 11 | 2016- 5- 2 03:15 PM |
| رابع انجليزي ,,, سؤال.. | Help me Help u | منتدى كلية العلوم و الآداب بالخفجي | 8 | 2010- 8- 27 05:54 PM |
| انجليزي سنه (رابع) دراسات اسلاميه | العالميه | منتدى كلية الآداب بالدمام | 4 | 2010- 2- 7 10:46 PM |
| نداء لطالبات سنه رابع دراسات | بنت حواء1429 | منتدى كلية الآداب بالدمام | 4 | 2010- 1- 11 12:48 PM |
| إهــداء لطالبات كلية النعيرية ــ رابع دراسات | ام سلطان@ | منتدى كلية العلوم و الآداب بالنعيرية | 3 | 2010- 1- 2 10:25 AM |
