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E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
2015- 11- 12 | #11 |
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. - Antonyms are two forms with opposite meanings ãÊÖÇÏÉ Ýí ÇáãÚäì . Homophones are when two or more different written forms have the same pronunciationexample : meat \ meet ßáÇåãÇ ÊäØÞ äÝÓ ÇáÔíÁ áßä ÇáãÚäì ãÎÊáÝ ÊãÇãÇð . bat ( flying creature)ØÇÆÑ ÇáÎÝÇÔ - bat ãÖÑÈ íÓÊÎÏã Ýí ÇáÑíÇÖå (used in sports), homonymsíÚÊÈÑæ Paralanguage are some ways of using the voice including example : laughing, giggling, and crying that are vocal but not verbalåäÇß ØÑÞ áÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÕæÊ ãËá : ÇáÖÍß æÇáÈßÇÁ æåÐå ÇáØÑÞ Êßæä ÕæÊíå ÝÞØ áÇ íãßä äØÞåÇ Çæ áÝÙåÇ ÍÑÝíÇð . ÇáÓÄÇá ÐÇ ãÊÃßÏå ÌÇí Agent : the entity that perform s an action ÇáÝÇÚá : åæ ÇáßÇÆä ÇáÐí ÞÇã ÈÅÏÇÁ ÇáÍÑßå Referents differ from one another in three ways: 1 - Unique like lake Ontario versus non-unique like a lake Çä íßæä ÇáÔíÁ Çááí ÇÊÍÏË Úäå ÝÑíÏ ãä äæÚå ãËá ÈÍíÑÉ ÇæäÊÇÑíæ Çæ äåÑ Çáäíá æåßÐÇ - ÛíÑ ÝÑíÏ ãä äæÚå íÚäí ãÇ ÇÍÏÏ ÇÓã Çæ ÔíÁ ãä åÐÇ ÇáÞÈíá ãËá : ÈÍíÑÉ 2 - Concrete , such as an orange, versus abstract, an idea Çä íßæä ÇáÔíÁ Çááí ÇÊÍÏË Úäå ãÇÏí æãáãæÓ ãËá : ÈÑÊÞÇáÉ Çæ ØÇæáÉ Çæ ßÑÓí - ÛíÑ ãáãæÓ ãËá : ÇáÝßÑÉ 3 - Countable like a bottle, several bottles versus non-countable like milk Çä íßæä ãÚÏæÏ - ÛíÑ ãÚÏæÏ æ ÇÚÊÞÏ åÇáäÞØÉ æÇÖÍÉ |
2015- 11- 12 | #12 | ||
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. / non-gradable æ gradable <---- ÊÌí ãÚ ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÇãÇ reversive <----- ÊÌí ãÚ ÇáÝÚá ÇÐÇ ÓÆáÊí ÔÎÕ can you ride a bicycle ¿ æÇäÊí ÊÈÛíä ÊÚÑÝíä ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÓÄÇá åäÇ ãÈÇÔÑ ÞÕÏß æÇÖÍ ØíÈ ÌãáÉ ËÇäíÉ ÇäÊí ÌÇáÓÉ ãÚ ÇÍÏ æÞáÊí áÉ you left the door open åäÇ ÇäÊí ÌÇáÓå ÊÞæáíä ãÚáæãå ÇáÔÎÕ Çáí ãÚß ÊÑß ÇáÈÇÈ ãÝÊæÍ ãÇ Ýí ÞÕÏ ËÇäí ( ÇáÌãáÉ ãÈÇÔÑÉ) ÈÓ áæ ÇáÔÎÕ åÐÇ Êæ ÏÇÎá æÇäÊí ÞáÊí ÇáÌãáå åÇÐí ÈÓ ãæ ÇáÞÕÏ ãÚáæãå ÞÕÏß ÓßÑ ÇáÈÇÈ ÈÓ ÇÓÊÎÏãÊí äÝÓ ÇáÌãáÉ you left the door open (ÊÑßÊ ÇáÈÇÈ ãÝÊæÍ) ÇäÊí åäÇ ÞÕÏß ÊÈíä ÇáÔÎÕ íÓßÑ ÇáÈÇÈ ÈÓ ãÇÞáíÊåÇ ãÈÇÔÑå ÝÇáÌãáÉ ØáÈ request ÈÓ ÌÇÊ Úáì åíÆå statment ÊÕÑíÍ (ÛíÑ ãÈÇÔÑå ) ãÈÇÔÑ = close the door please The key to the front door Literal meaning / concrete The key to success Figurative meaning/ abstract Ideas, problem, suggestion, these are abstract and countable Advice, information, beauty , These are abstract and non-countable ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÑÏ áÚíæÔÉ åæä () ÊæÖíÍ ÓÄÇÇá ÚíæÔ Çáí ÈÇáÑÇÈØ: ÈÓ ÇáãÞÕÏ ãä ÓíÇÞ ÇáßáÇã äÝåãåÇ........ãËáÇ äÞæá this road Çæ this city áãßÇä spatial ÇãÇ this box Çæ this boy áÔÎÕ Çæ Ôí personal . Collocation is a pair or group of words that are often used together. áåÇ äæÚíä fixed collocation for example take a photo Open collocation where several different words may be used to give similar meaning for example keep to the rules Çæ stick to the rules íÚØí ãÚäì ãÔÇÈÉ Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word (or a phrase) is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable A metaphor i s a comparison made between A and B, where you say A actually is B, even though that's not literally true argument is war time is money understanding is seeing. Ideas are plants Çá metaphor ÇáãæÌæÏíä ãÚäÇ austin ÕäÝ ÇÝÚÇá ÇßáÇã Çáì 3 ÝÆÇÊ do you have a watch ÇáÝÆÉ ÇáÇæáì: locutionary Çáí åí ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÓÊÎÏãå Çáí åí DO + YOU+HAVE+A+WATCH ÇáÝÆÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ =illocutionary æåí ÇáãÚäì ÇáÝÚáí ááßáãÇÊ Çáí åäÇ ÊÕíÑ ÇíÔ åæ ÇáæÞÊ Çæ ßã ÇáÓÇÚå æÇáÝÆÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ=perlocutionary æåí ÊÃËíÑ ÇáßáÇã Úáì ÇáÓÇãÚ åäÇ äÙÑ ÇáÓÇãÚ ááÓÇÚÉ æÇÎÈÇÑ ÇáãÊÍÏË ááæÞÊ Çá idioms Ýí ÇáãÚäì ßáãÉ æÇÍÏå ÈÓ Þí ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÛæíå áÇ ãËáÇ Kick the bucket ÇÐÇ äÈí äÍæáåÇ ááãÇÖí ãÇäÞæá kick the bucketed <----- ÎØÇÁ äÚÇãáåÇ ßÇ ÓáÓáÉ ßáãÇÊ Êßæä ÌãáÉ æäÍæá ÇáÝÚá ááãÇÖí Kick ed the bucket ÈÓ Ýí äÝÓ ÇáæÞÊ áåÇ ÞæÇäíä ÎÇÕå åí Çä ÇáÇÓã ÇÐÇ ßÇä ÌãÚ íÊÑß ÌãÚ ãÇäÎáíå ãÝÑÏ æÇáÚßÓ ãÇäÞæá Kick the bucket s åí ãÝÑÏ ÊÊÑß ãÝÑÏ ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÈÔßá ÚÇã reverse Êßæä verbs undress-dress countable & uncountable Êßæä adjective ãÍÇÖÑå 7 ÔÑíÍå 5 We use deixis to point to things(it, this, these boxes) and people(him, them, those students), sometimes called personal deixis . Words and phrases used to point to a location(here, there, near that) are examples of spatial deixis , and those used to point to a time(now, then, last week) are examples of temporal deixis . |
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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ ßÇÑÒãÇ ; 2015- 11- 12 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 02:54 AM |
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2015- 11- 12 | #13 |
ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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. ØÈÚÇ ÊäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ ÇáãÊÖÇÏÇÊ Ãæ ÇáãÚÇäí ÇáãÊÚÇßÓÉ Antonyms Çá gradable ãÊÖÇÏ ÞÇÈá ááãÞÇÑäÉ ãËá ÃßÈÑ ãä / ÃÕÛÑ ãä(bigger than/smaller than) Çá non gradable ãÊÖÇÏ ÛíÑ ÞÇÈá ááãÞÇÑäÉ ãËá åæ áã íãÊ / ãÚäÇåÇ åæ Íí(He is not dead means He is alive) Çá gradable íßæä Èíä ÇáßáãÊíä ÊÝÇæÊ ãËá ÃØæá ãä/ÃÕÛÑ ãä Çá non-gradable ãÇ íßæä Ýíå ÊÝÇæÊ Èíä ÇáßáãÊíä ÃÈÏÇ íÇ ÃÈíÖ íÇ ÃÓæÏ ãËá ãäÕÝ/ÛíÑ ãäÕÝ ............................... ãÍÇÖÑÉ 14 10. Tell which of the following opposites are gradable, non-gradable, or reversive. fillit / empty it …………… reversive (verb) áÇÍÙæÇ ÊÇÊí ãÚ ÇáÝÚá ÝÞØ absent / present ………… non gradable (adj) old / young ………………… gradable (adj) fair / unfair ………..… non gradable (adj) Both Semantics and Pragmatics are concerned with people’s ability semantics is mainly concerned with a speaker’s competence pragmatics is a person’s ability to derive meanings from specific kinds of speech situations prosody ÊÊÚáÞ ÈäÈÑÉ ÇáÕæÊ ÊÔÏíÏ æÊÑäíã ãÝÇÌÇå Çæ ÕÏãå Çæ ÊÚÌÈ Çæ ÇäÈåÇÑ whaaaat youuuuu sayyyy diiiid Fixed reference ãËá Lake Ontario ÏÇÆãÇ ÊÑÌÚ áäÝÓ ÇáãÕÏÑ Variable reference ãËá my uncle ÊÊÛíÑ ÈÍÓÈ ÇáãÊÍÏË semantic relationThe existence of a referring expression does not guarantee the existence of a referent in the physical-social world. There are a few nouns which occur only as plurals: scissors, tweezers; trousers, shorts, jeans, etc. Synonymy,Antonymy, Hyponymy, Homophony, Homonymyand Polysemy semantic feature + æ - semantic role agent theme instrument sourc & goal experiencer |
2015- 11- 12 | #14 |
ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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2015- 11- 17 | #15 |
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2015- 11- 17 | #16 |
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ : Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ...
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2015- 11- 18 | #17 |
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2015- 11- 18 | #18 |
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2015- 11- 20 | #19 |
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2015- 11- 21 | #20 |
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