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E8 English Literature Students Level eight Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
2014- 12- 16 | #191 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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2014- 12- 16 | #192 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
When we think about how meaning is situated in actual contexts of use, we quickly face an important property of language, a property I will call “reflexivity
ÍíäãÇ äÝßÑ Ýí ßíÝ íÞÚ Çæ íÊæÇÌÏ ãÚäì ãÚíä Ýí ÓíÇÞ ãÚíä ÝÇääÇ äæÇÌå Çæ äÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÎÇÕíå ãåãå ãä ÎÕÇÆÕ ÇááÛå ¡¡ ÎÇÕíå ÓäÓãíåÇ ÇáÇäÚßÇÓíå This is the “magical” property of language åí ÎÇÕíÉ ÓÍÑíÉ ááÛÉ Which comes first? The situation or the language? ãÇÇáÐí íÃÊí ÃæáÇ ÇááÛÉ Ãæ ÇáãæÞÝ ¿ This question reflects an important reciprocity between language & “reality” ÇáÓÄÇá íÚßÓ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ Èíä ÇááÛÉ æÇáæÇÞÚ “reflexivity” (in the sense of language and context being like two mirrors facing each other & constantly and endlessly reflecting their own images back and forth between each other). ÇáÇäÚßÇÓíå ÈãÚäì Çä ÇááÛå æÇáãæÞÝ ãÑÇíÊÇä ÊÚßÓ ßá ãäåÇ æÌå ÇáÇÎÑì ÈáÇ äåÇíå æÈÇÓÊãÑÇÑ Situations, when they involve communicative social interaction, always involve the following inextricably connected components or aspects ÇáÍÇáÇÊ Çæ ÇáãæÇÞÝ ¡ ÍíäãÇ ÊÊÖãä ÊÝÇÚá ÇÌÊãÇÚí ÊæÇÕáí ¡ ÝÇäåÇ ÊÊÖãä ÇáãßæäÇÊ Çæ ÇáÌæÇäÈ Çæ ÇáÇÈÚÇÏ ÇáÊÇáíå ÇáãÑÊÈØå ÈÈÚÖåÇ ÇÑÊÈÇØÇ æËíÞÇ 1- A semiotic aspect, that is, the “sign systems ÇáÌÇäÈ ÇáÑãÒí Ãæ ÇáÏáÇáí 2- An activity aspect ÇáÌÇäÈ ÇáäÔÇØí 3- A material aspect ÇáÌÇäÈ ÇáãÇÏí 4- A political aspect “social goods ÇáÌÇäÈ ÇáÓíÇÓí 5- A sociocultural aspect ÇáÌÇäÈ ÇáËÞÇÝí ÇáÇÌÊãÇÚí All these aspects together constitute a system (an interrelated network ßá Êáß ÇáÌæÇäÈ ãÌÊãÚÉ Êßæä ÔÈßÉ ãÊÑÇÈØÉ Situations are never completely novel (indeed, if they were, we wouldn’t understand them). ÇáãæÇÞÝ æÇáÙÑæÝ áÇ íãßä ÃÈÏÇ Ãä Êßæä ÌÏíÏÉ ÊãÇãÇ æÇáÇ ßÇä ãÇÝåãäÇåÇ Such repetition tends to “ritualize,” “habitualize,” or “freeze åÐí ãÏÑí æÔ ÊÚäí áßä ÇÍÝÙæÇ åÇáßáãÊíä æÈßÐÇ ÃäÊåíäÇ ãä ÇáãÇÏÉ æÇä ÔÇÁ Çááå Çäí ãÇäÓíÊ Ôí |
2014- 12- 16 | #193 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ÇáÑíãí ÍíÇÊí ÇãæÇÌ¡ ÈáäßÇ ÎáÕÊ ÔÑÍ ãÇÞÕÑÊ Íæææáæ ÔÑÍåÇ ãáÝ ææÑÏ ÚÔÇä äØÈÚå ÈáíÒÒÒÒ
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2014- 12- 16 | #194 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
íÇÌÚá ÑÈí íæÝÞåã ÌãíÚ¡ äÌÏ ãÚäÇ ÍíÇßþÓÇÑí5, þãÊÚáãÉãäÊÓÈÉ, þum lara, þÇáÓÇáí-, þááÚãÑ ÇãÇäí, þÑæÇÆÚ ÇäÓÇä, þÑÝíÞ ÇáÕãÊ, þØãæÍ ÌÇãÚíÉ, þblanka, þNajd111+, þAthoorh, þlano, þÃÈæÚÈæÏí, þÇáãßÊæã, þWaleed-d, þÍíÇÊí ÇãæÇÌ, þÇÈæ áÜãÜì, þwhisper--79, þÓÜÜMÜÜÜÜæ, þÇÈæÇáæáíÏ, þÇÈæ Ïíã, þyasmin+, þAshwagaz, þalsaif1358, þAbood-999, þwada3, þÕãÊí ÍÒä, þyooo, þ*jo0ory*, þÇÈææÓä1, þÍÊÑæÔ 718, þãÇÌÏÇáÍÒíä, þÍßÇíÉ ØãææÍ, þÓÜ Ú ÜæÏ, þmaryayg
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2014- 12- 16 | #195 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
1-Discourse analysis is meant to enable us to solve concrete problem by making us ask ……… and epistemological questions.
a) Ontological b) Diglossical c) Undiglossia d) Biological íáÇ íÇÌãÇÚÉ ÔÏæÇ ÇáåãÉ äÈí +A ÈßÑÉ |
2014- 12- 16 | #196 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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2014- 12- 16 | #197 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÚøÜÇá
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
ãÇÝåãÊ Ôí ãä ÔÑÍ ÇáÏßÊæÑ æÕáÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáÊÇÓÚå æãÇÒáÊ ãæ ÝÇåãå :(
æÔ ÇáÇÔíÇÁ Çáãåãå ÈáíÒ ÓÇÚÏæäí Çááå íæÝÞßã æíÓåá ÚáíäÇ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ åÇáãÇÏå æÝÇáßã ÌãíÚÇ ÇáÝá ãÇÑß |
2014- 12- 16 | #198 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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2014- 12- 16 | #199 |
ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ãÓÊæì ÓÇÏÓ ÞÓã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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2014- 12- 16 | #200 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÊÍáíá ÇáÎØÇÈ
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ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ) |
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