ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã

ÇáÚæÏÉ   ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã > .: ÓÜÇÍÜÉ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ (ÇáÇäÊÓÇÈ):. > ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá > ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ > ÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ > E6
ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáßæíÒÇÊÅÖÇÝÉ ßæíÒãæÇÚíÏ ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáÊÚáíãÜÜÜÇÊ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ  

E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum

ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ
 
ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #201
ÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 98554
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Sun Jan 2012
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 862
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÐßÜÜÑ
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 1489
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 62
ÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enoughÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ ãØæÑ ÇäÌáíÒí ÂÏÇÈ ØáÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇáØíÝ ÇáãåÇÌÑ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

ÎÐæåÇ ãä ãÈÏÇ

ßá Ôí ÚßÓ Ýí åÐå ÇáÌÇãÚÉ

Çí ãÇÏÉ ÊÍÓ Çäß ÇÈÏÚÊ ÊÌí ÏÑÌÇÊß ãÔ æáÇ ÈÏ

Çí ãÇÏÉ ÊÞæá ÈÊÕíÑ ãä ÇáÚÇíáÉ ÇáÊÑã ÇáÞÇÏã ÊáÞì ÇáÏÑÌÉ ÝææææÞ

æÚáã ÇáãÚÇäí Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå íäØÈÞ ÚáíåÇ åÇáãÈÏÇ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #202
ÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 80980
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Fri Jul 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 449
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 944
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 58
ÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enoughÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛå ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÑÇÈÚ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

Componential analysis for pregnant man is :


ÇÈí ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍííííííííÍ áåÇáÌãáå áÇäí áÞíÊ ÇÌæÈå ãÎÊáÝå!!!!!!!
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #203
Student English
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 104743
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Fri Mar 2012
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 26
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2474
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 0
Student English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enoughStudent English will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÂÏÇÈ ÈÇáÃÍÓÇÁ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÏÓ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Student English ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

Which of the following is true about hyponymy?
a.The upper term is called the hyponym.
b.The lower term is called the superordinate.
c.A hyponym can never be a superordinate of another term.
d.There is not always a superordinate term for hyponyms in a language.

ÇÈÛì Íá áåÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #204
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 140019
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Apr 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 122
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 774
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 48
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really nice
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÃÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÏÓ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇÓÊÛÝÑÇááå123 ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
Componential analysis for pregnant man is :


ÇÈí ÇáÌæÇÈ ÇáÕÍííííííííÍ áåÇáÌãáå áÇäí áÞíÊ ÇÌæÈå ãÎÊáÝå!!!!!!!


male -
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #205
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 140019
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Apr 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 122
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 774
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 48
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really niceÃãíÑå ÚãÑ is just really nice
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÃÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíå
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÏÓ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ Student English ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
Which of the following is true about hyponymy?
a.The upper term is called the hyponym.
b.The lower term is called the superordinate.
c.A hyponym can never be a superordinate of another term.
d.There is not always a superordinate term for hyponyms in a language.

ÇÈÛì Íá áåÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá


d ÇáÍá

ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ ÃãíÑå ÚãÑ ; 2014- 12- 18 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 04:47 PM
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #206
ÒæÑÞ*
ãõãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì 8 E
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÒæÑÞ*
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 96282
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Fri Dec 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 2,284
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 4106
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 79
ÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond reputeÒæÑÞ* has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ Ç áÂÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇäÌáíÒí
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÒæÑÞ* ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

ÃäÇ ÔÇßå Ýí same /deferent


áÃä ÈÅãßÇääÇ äÖíÝ very

ÈÍËÊ áÞíÊåã ÍÇØíä

Identical or different

ÇÎÊáÇÝ æÊØÇÈÞ ãä ÇáÃãËáÉ Ú Çá binary

æÝÚáÇ ÇáÊØÇÈÞ ÃÞæì ÊÚÈíÑ ãä ÇáÊÔÇÈå

Ôæ ÑÃíßã æåá ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÐßÑåÇ ÇäÇ ãÇÓãÚÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ

Çááí ÚäÏå ÎÈÑ íäæÑäÇ

ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ ÒæÑÞ* ; 2014- 12- 18 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 04:51 PM
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #207
ÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 165416
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Dec 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 79
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 6693
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 51
ÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enoughÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇÏÈ ÇäÌáíÒí
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÏÓ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇãíÑÉ ÇáæÑÏ ♥ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ Student English ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
Which of the following is true about hyponymy?
a.The upper term is called the hyponym.
b.The lower term is called the superordinate.
c.A hyponym can never be a superordinate of another term.
d.There is not always a superordinate term for hyponyms in a language.

ÇÈÛì Íá áåÐÇ ÇáÓÄÇá
ÇáãÝÑæÖ Êßæä ÇáÇÌÇÈå the lower term is colled hyponym
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #208
ÏÑæÓ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 214247
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Thu Dec 2014
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 76
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 118
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 41
ÏÑæÓ will become famous soon enoughÏÑæÓ will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: E
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÈÚ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÏÑæÓ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

Èæ ÎÇáÏ ÇäÇ Úä äÝÓí ãÇÈí ÇáÝá ãÇÑß ÈÎáíåÇ áÏæÇÝíÑ ÇÈí ÇØáÚ ãä åÇáãÇÏå ÈÓáÇãå <<< ãÊæÇÖÚå æÞäæÚå
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 12- 18   #209
ÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÚøÜÇá
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 165138
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Sun Dec 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 311
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 4768
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 52
ÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond reputeÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: E
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: ₪ ÊÌãÚ ÇáãÐÇßÑÉ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáäåÇÆí áãÞÑÑ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ₪

åÐí ÇáÊÚÇÑíÝ ãÊÑÌãå ÇØáÚæÇ ÚáíåÇ ááÝÇÆÏå æÚÐÑÇ ãÇÞÏÑÊ ÇÔÇÑß ãÚßã ÈÏÑí ãÚ ÇáÊÚÈ .. Çááå íæÝÞäÇ æíÇßã æíÓåáåÇ íÇÑÈ æíÞÖíäÇ Úáì ÎíÑ Çä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÝÇáäÇ æÝÇáßã ÇáÝá ãÇÑß ..
ÈÇáÊæÝíÞ íÇÑÈ



v Semantics
Is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning
Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí åæãÕØáÍ Ýäí íÓÊÎÏã ááÅÔÇÑÉÅáì ÏÑÇÓÉÇáãÚäì
v Meaning
Covers a variety of aspects of language, and there is no general agreement about the nature of meaning.
"ãÚäì" íÔãá ãÌãæÚÉãÊäæÚÉãä ÌæÇäÈ ÇááÛÉ¡æáíÓ åäÇß ÇÊÝÇÞ ÚÇã Íæá ØÈíÚÉ ÇáãÚäì.
Utterance Meaning (Speaker Meaning) is what a speaker means (i.e. intends to convey)when he uses a piece of language. It includes the secondary aspects of meaning, especially those related to context.
ÇáßáÇã ÈãÚäì )ãÚäì ÇáãÊßáã( ãÇíÚäíåÇáãÊßáã )Ãí íäæí Ãä íäÞá( ÚäÏãÇíÓÊÎÏãÞØÚÉãä ÇááÛÉ. Ãäå íÔãá ÇáÌæÇäÈ ÇáËÇäæíÉãä ãÚäì¡æÎÇÕÉÊáß
ÇáãÊÚáÞÉÈÇáÓíÇÞ.
Sentence Meaning (or Word Meaning) is what a sentence (or word) means, i.e. what it counts as the equivalent of in the language concerned.
ãÚä ìÇáÌãáÉ )ÃæãÚäì ßáãÉ( åæ ãÇÊÚäí ÇáÌãáÉ )ÃæÇáßáãÉ(¡Ãí ãÇíÚÇÏá ÍÓÇÈåÇÝí ÇááÛÉÇáãÚäíÉ.
v Pragmatics
Is the study of meaning that a sentence has in a particular context in which it is uttered.
ÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíÉ ) ÇáÊÏÇæáíÉ( åí ÏÑÇÓÉãÚäì íÍÊæí ÌãáÉÝí ÓíÇÞ ãÚíä ÇáÊí ÊáÝÙÈåÇ.
v Sense
deals with the relationships inside the language.
ÇáãÚäì : íÊäÇæá ÇáÚáÇÞÇÊ ÏÇÎá ÇááÛÉ
of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.
ÇáãÚä ìæ)ÇáãÑÌÚ ÇáÇÔÇÑÉ( : ØÑíÞÊÇä ãÊãíÒÊÇäÌÏ ÇãäÇáÍÏíË ÚäãÚäì ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇáÊÚÈíÑÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì
v Reference
deals with the relationship between the language and the world.
ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ: íÊäÇæá ÇáÚáÇÞÉÈíä ÇááÛÉæÇáÚÇáã.
is a relationship between parts of a language (words and phrases) and things outside the language (in the world).
The relation between a referring expression and a referent
ÇáÅÔÇÑÉÇáãÑÌÚåí ÇáÚáÇÞÉÈíä ÃÌÒÇÁãäáÛÉ )ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ( æÃÔíÇÁÎÇÑÌ ÇááÛÉ )Ýí ÇáÚÇáã(.
v Referent
is the person or thing in the world speakers refer to by using a referring expression.
ÇáãÔÇÑÇáíå åæÇáÔÎÕ ÃæÇáÔíÁÝí ÇáÚÇáã íÔíÑÅáì ÇáãÊÍÏËí äÈæÇÓØÉÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÊÚÈíÑÇáÇÔÇÑÉ..
v referring expression
is any expression used in an utterance to refer to something or someone.
ÇáÊÚÈíÑÈÇáÅÔÇÑÉ ) ÇáÊÚÈíÑÇáãÍÏÏÈÇáÅÔÇÑÉ ( åæÇáÊÚÈíÑÇáãÓÊÎÏã Ýí ÇáßáÇã ááÅÔÇÑÉÅáì ÔíÁãÇÃæÔÎÕ ãÇ.
v Paradigmatic relations
are those into which a linguistic unit enters through being contrasted or substitutable, in a particular environment, with other similar units. (vertical relation)
ÇáÚáÇÞÇÊ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ :åí Êáß ÇáÊí Ýí æÍÏÉáÛæíÉÊÏÎá ãäÎáÇá ßæäåÇÊÊäÇÞÖ ÃæááÇÓÊÈÏÇá¡Ýí ÈíÆÉãÚíäÉ¡ãÚ æÍÏÇÊ Ã ÎÑì ããÇËáÉ. )ÚáÇÞÉÚãæÏíÉ(
v Syntagmatic relations
are those into which a linguistic unit enters by its co-occurrence with other units.
(horizontal relation)
ÇáÚáÇÞÇÊ ÇáÊÊÇÈÚíÉ : åí Êáß ÇáÊí Ýí æÍÏÉáÛæíÉÊÏÎá ãä ÊæÇÌÏãÔÊÑß ãÚ æÍÏÇÊà ÎÑì. )ÚáÇÞÉÃÝÞíÉ(
v semantic field
contains a group of words which are related in their meaning.
ÇáÍÞá ÇáÏáÇáí : íÍÊæí Úáì ãÌãæÚÉãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÑÊÈØ Ýí ÏáÇáÊå
v Collocation
can be seen as part of the meaning of a word
ÇáÊÒÇãä ÇááÝÙí : íãßä Ãä íäÙÑÅáíå ÈÇÚÊÈÇÑå ÌÒÁÇ ãä ãÚäì ááßáãÉ. ãä ÎáÇá ÇáäÙÑÝí ÇáÓíÇÞ ÇááÛæí ááßáãÇÊ¡íãßääÇ Ãä äãíÒÈíä ãÚÇäí ãÎÊáÝÉ
v
is a relationship between words that specifically or habitually go together.
ÇáÊáÇÒã ÇááÝÙí : åæÇáÚáÇÞÉÈíäÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí Úáì æÌå ÇáÊÍÏíÏÃæÈÕÝÉÇÚÊíÇÏíÉãÊáÇÒãÇä.
v Synonymy
is the relationship between two lexical units (words) that have the same sense.
åæÇáÚáÇÞÉÈíä æÍÏÇÊ ãÚÌãíÉÇËäíä )ÇáßáãÇÊ( ÇáÊí áåÇäÝÓ ÇáãÚäí. ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí áåÇäÝÓÇ áãÚäí ÇáÐí Ê ÊÓãì ÇáãÑÇÏÝÇÊ
v Antonymy
is the relationship between two lexical units (words) that have the opposite sense.
) ÇáÖÏÇáÚßÓ ( : åí ÇáÚáÇÞÉÈíä æÍÏÇÊ ãÚÌãíÉÇËäíä )ÇáßáãÇÊ( ÇáÊí áÏíåÇÇáãÚäì ÇáãÚÇßÓ. æÊÓãì ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí Êßæä ÚßÓ ÊÓãì ÇáãÊÖÇÏÇÊ.

Great heart
v Binary antonyms
are lexical units which come in pairs and between them exhaust all the relevant possibilities.
ÇáãÊÖÇÏÇÊ ÇáËäÇÆíÉåí æÍÏÇÊ ãÚÌãíÉæÇáÊí ÊÃÊí Ýí ÃÒæÇÌ æÈíäåãÇíÓÊäÝÏßáÇáÇÍÊãÇáÇÊ ÐÇÊ ÇáÕáÉ
v Gradable antonyms
are two words at opposite ends of a continuous scale of values.
ÇáãÊÖÇÏÇÊ ÇáãÊÏÑÌÉ : åíßá ãÊíä Úáì äåÇíÊíä ÇáãÊÖÇÏÉãä ãÚíÇÑãÓÊãÑãä ÇáÞíã.
v Hyponymy
is a sense relation between words in which the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of the other word.
ßáãÉãäÏÑÌÉÇáÇÔÊãÇá: åí ÚáÇÞÉÇáãÚäì Èíä ÇáßáãÇÊÉÇáÊí íÊãÊÖãíäåÇÝí ãÚäì ßáãÉæÇÍÏÉÝí ãÚä ìßáãÉÃÎÑì.
v Polysemy
is a sense relation in which the same word has several very closely related meanings (senses).
ãÊÚÏÏÇáãÚÇäí ÊÚÏÏÇáãÚäì ááßáãÉ : åí ÚáÇÞÉÈÇáãÚäì Ýí äÝÓ ÇáßáãÉÇáÊí áÏíåÇÇáÚÏíÏãä ÇáãÚÇäí ÇáãÑÊÈØÉÈÔßá æËí ÞÌÏÇ )ÇáãÚÇäí(
v Homonymy
is a sense relation in which several words have the same shape, but different meanings that are far apart from each other.
ÇáÝÙÇáãÊÌÇäÓÇáãÔÊÑßÇááÝÙí :å íÚáÇÞÉÈÇáãÚäì ÇáÐí ÚÏÉßáãÇÊ áåÇäÝÓ ÇáÔßá¡æáßä ãÚÇäíåÇãÎÊáÝÉÇáÊí åí ãÊÈÇÚÏÉãä ÈÚÖåÇÇáÈÚÖ
v componential analysis
the total meaning of a word is being analyzed into a number of distinct components of
meaning ( semantic features ).
ÝíÊÍáíáÇáãßæäÇÊ : ÇáãÚäìÇáÅÌãÇáíãäßáãÉíÊãÊÍáíáåÇÝíÚÏÏãäãßæäÇÊãÊãíÒÉãäãÚäì )ÇáÓãÇÊÇáÏáÇáíÉ(.
v Utterance
is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of that person.
ÇáÚÈÇÑÉÇáßáÇãíÉåíÈÃíÍÇá ãä ÇáÍÏíË¡ãä ÎáÇá ÔÎÕ æÇÍÏ¡ÞÈá æÈÚÏÇáÐí íßæä ÕãÊ ãä ÌÇäÈ åÐÇÇáÔÎÕ
is the use of a piece of language ( one or more word / phrase / sentence ) by a particular speaker on a particular occasion.
æÇáßáÇã åæÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÌÒÁãä ÇááÛÉ )æÇÍÏÃæÃßËÑãä ßáãÉ / ÚÈÇÑÉ / ÇáÌãáÉ( ãä ÞÈá ãÊÍÏË ãÚíä Ýí ãäÇÓÈÉãÚíäÉ
v Sentence
is neither a physical event nor a physical object. It is an abstract string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language.
ÇáÌãáÉáíÓÊ ÍÏË ãÇÏí æáÇßÇÆä ãÇÏí. ÇäåÇÚÈÇÑÉÚä ÓáÓáÉãä ÇáßáãÇÊÇ áãÌÑÏÉæÖÚÊ ãÚÇÈæÇÓØÉÇáÞæÇÚÏÇáäÍæíÉááÛÉ.
exists abstractly in the mind of language speakers before they say it or write it.
ÇáÌãáÉ¡ÅÐä¡ãæÌæÏÉÝíÇáÚÞáÇáãÌÑÏááÛÉÇáãÊßáãíäÞÈáÃäíÞæáæÇÇæíßÊÈæÇ
can be thought of as the ideal string of words behind various realizations in utterances and inscriptions.
ÇáÌãáÉíãßä ãä ÍíË ÇáÝßÑÇáãËÇáí ÓáÓáÉãäÇ áßáãÇÊ ÎáÝ ÇáÅäÌÇÒÇÊ Ýí ãÎÊáÝ ÇáÃáÝÇÙ æÇáäÞæÔ.
v constatives utterance
is an utterance with which the speaker describes something which may be true or false.
ÇáãäØæÞ ÇáÊÞÑíÑíÇáÚÈÇÑÉÇáÎÈÑíÉåæÇáßáÇã ÇáÐí ÇáãÊßáã íÕÝå áÔíÁÇáÐí ÞÏíßæä ÕÍíÍÇÃæÎØÃ
v Performatives utterance
is an utterance that does not report or "constate" anything and is not "true or false".
ÇáãäØæÞ ÇáÃÏÇÆí ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ) ÇáÝÚáíÉÇáÇäÌÇÒíÉ( : åæÇáßáÇã ÇáÐí áÇíÞÏã )ÊÞÑíÑÇÎÈÑ( Ãæ "ÇßíÏãËÈÊ" Ãí ÔíÁáÇÊæÕÝ ÈÃäåÇ "ÕÍíÍÉÃæ– -
ÎÇØÆÉ".
v Performative verb
is one which, when used in a positive simple present tense sentence with a 1st person singular subject, can make the utterance of that sentence performative.
ÇáÝÚá ÇáÃÏÇÆí ÇáÇÝÚÇá ÇáÍÑßíÉ : ÇáÐí åæ æÇÍÏ¡ÚäÏãÇÊÓÊÎÏã ÈØÑíÞÉÅíÌÇÈíÉÇáãÖÇÑÚ ÇáÈÓíØ ãÚäì ÇáÌãáÉãÚ ÇáÝÇÚá ÇáãÝÑÏ¡íãßä Ãä ÊÌÚá ÇáßáÇã
ãä åÐå ÇáÌãáÉÇÏÇÆí
v explicit performative ÇáÇÏÇÆí ÇáÕÑíÍ
contanins a performative verb naming the act. E.g. I order you to go.
íÍÊæí Úáì ÇáÝÚá ÇáÇÏÇÆí áÊÓãíÉ ÇáÝÇÚá
v implicit performative ÇáÇÏÇÆí ÇáÖãäí
does not contain a performative verb naming the act. E.g. Go
áÇíÍÊæí Úáì ÇáÝÚá ÇáÇÏÇÆí áÊÓãíÉ ÇáÝÇÚá
v direct illocutionary
of an utterance is the illocution most directly indicated by a literal reading of the grammatical form and vocabulary of the sentence uttered.
ÇáãÛÒìÇáÝÚáíÇáãÈÇÔÑ )ÇáÍÏËÇáãÛÒìÇáãÈÇÔÑ( ãä ÇáßáÇã åæÇáÍÏË ÇáãÛÒì ÈÔßá ãÈÇÔÑ íÊÈíä ãä ÞÑÇÁÉÍÑÝíÉááäãæÐÌ ÇáäÍæíÉæÇáãÝÑÏÇÊ Ýí
ÇáÌãáÉÇáãäØæÞÉ.
v indirect illocutionary
of an utterance is any further illocution the utterance may have other than what it expresses literally
ÇáãÛÒì ÇáÝÚáí ÇáÛíÑãÈÇÔÑ )ÍÏË ãÛÒì ÛíÑãÈÇÔÑ( ãä ÇáßáÇã åæ ÇÈÚÏãä Ðáß ÍÏË ãÛÒì ÇáßáÇã ÞÏíßæä ÂÎÑÛíÑãÇíÚÈÑÍÑÝíÇ.
v Illocutionary acts
can be classified into different categories, depending on the type of interaction between the speaker and the hearer that they perform.
ÇáãÛÒì ÇáÝÚáí íãßä ÊÕäíÝå Åáì ÝÆÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ¡ÊÈÚ ÇáäæÚ ãä ÇáÊÝÇÚá Èíä ÇáãÊßáã æÇáÓÇãÚ Úáì ÃÏÇÁ.
v directive act
is any illocutionary act which essentially involves the speaker trying to get the hearer to behave in some required way.
ÝÚá ÇáÊæÌíå Ãí ÇáãÛÒì ÇáÝÚáí ÇáÐí íäØæí ÃÓÇÓÇÇáãÊÍÏË ãÍÇæáÉáÍÕæá ÇáÓÇãÚ Úáì ÇáÊÕÑÝ Ýí ÈÚÖ ÇáØÑíÞ ÇáãØáæÈ.
v commissive act
is any illocutionary act which essentially involves the speaker committing himself to behave in some required way.
ÇáÝÚá ÇáÊÒÇãí åæÃí ãÛÒì ÝÚáí ÇáÐí íäØæí ÃÓÇÓ ÇÇáãÊÍÏË ÇáÇáÊÒÇã äÝÓå Úáì ÇáÊÕÑÝ ÈØÑíÞÉØáÈ


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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ ÌæáíÇäÇ ÇáÞÕíã ; 2014- 12- 18 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 05:19 PM
 
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rahman818 will become famous soon enough
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same & different

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