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[ms.2012]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة sense

بنات طلب الله يخليكم
اللي حضرت المحاضرة الاخيرة الدكتور تاريخ اللغة
ممكن تعمل سكان للمحاضرة الاخيرة لاني ماحضرت وتوني انتبه انها ناقصتني

بليييز

English Language change
Sound change
One of the most noticeable differences between old and modern English is the change that vowel sounds have undergone. e.g.
Old English Modern English
/hu:s/ /haus/ (house)
/wi:f/ /waif/ (wife)
/br3:k/ /breik/ (break)
Long vowels have changed into diphthongs.
Some sounds disappeared from the general pronunciation of English. e.g.
[x] sound which was used in the old English pronunciation of night, as [nixt] very similar to German pronunciation, is absent in the present-day form night as [nait].

Metathesis:
It is a change in position of two adjoining sounds. e.g.
frist first
hros horse
Epenthesis: It is the addition of a sound to the middle of a word. e.g.
aemtig empty
The addition of a [p] sound after the nasal [m].

Prothesis:
It is the addition of a sound to the beginning of a word. It is common in the change of pronunciation from Latin to Spanish.
Schola escuela
spiritus espiritu

Syntactic change
Some differences between the structure of sentences involve word order. e.g.
The object can be placed before the verb:
He hine geseah (he saw him)

The loss of many inflectional affixes. e.g.
sealde he gave
sealdest you gave
In the field of linguistics, syntactic change is the evolution of the syntax, or structure, of a natural spoken language. In many languages, it is most easily observed in the transformation of irregular verb forms. For instance, in English, the past tense of the irregular verb "to go" is not "goed," which is what a non-native speaker would probably expect. Instead, the verb has undergone a syntactic change to "went," a borrowing from the past tense of the verb "to wend". Over time, syntactic change is usually the greatest modifier of a particular language.Syntactic change is seen as creating a gradual shift in language patterns over time. It is also subject to cyclic drift.

[ms.2012]

^

على فكره راح تلقين الشرح كامل بكتاب اللنغوستيك شابتر عنوانه Languge history and change
good luck

[لاتغرك ضحكتي]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة أتعبتني يا قلب

واجب الترجمة للي يسأل عنه


my neighbours, you remember the dawn of youth with pleasure and regret its passing; but i remember it like a prisoner who recalls the bars and shackles of his jail. You speak of those years between infancy and youth as a golden era free from confinement and cares, but i call those years an era of silent sorrow which dropped as a seed into my heart and grew with it and could find no outlet to the world of knowledge and wisdom until love came and opened the heart’s doors and lighted its corners. Love provided me with a tongue and tears. You people remember the gardens and orchids and the meeting places and street corners that witnessed your games and heard your innocent whispering; and i remember, too, the beautiful spot in north lebanon. Every time i close my eyes i see those valleys full of magic and dignity and those mountains covered with glory and greatness trying to reach the sky. Every time i shut my ears to the clamour of the city i hear the murmur of the rivulets and the rustling of the branches. All those beauties which i speak of now and which i long to see, as a child longs for his mother’s breast, wounded my spirit, imprisoned in the darkness of youth, as a falcon suffers in its cage when it sees a flock of birds flying freely in the spacious sky. Those valleys and hills fired my imagination, but bitter thoughts wove round my heart a net of hopelessness.

Every time i went to the fields i returned disappointed, without understanding the cause of my disappointment. Every time i looked at the grey sky i felt my heart contract. Every time i heard the singing of the birds and babbling of the spring i suffered without understanding the reason for my suffering. It is said that unsophistication makes a man empty and that emptiness makes him carefree. It may be true among those who were born dead and who exist like frozen corpses; but the sensitive boy who feels much and knows little is the most unfortunate creature under the sun, because he is torn by two forces. The first force elevates him and shows him the beauty of existence through a cloud of dreams; the second ties him down to the earth and fills his eyes with dust and overpowers him with fears and darkness.

Solitude has soft, silky hands, but with strong fingers it grasps the heart and makes it ache with sorrow. Solitude is the ally of sorrow as well as a companion of spiritual exaltation.

The boy’s soul undergoing the buffeting of sorrow is like a white lily just unfolding. It trembles before the breeze and opens its heart to day break and folds its leaves back when the shadow of night comes. If that boy does not have diversion or friends or companions in his games his life will be like a narrow prison in which he sees nothing but spider webs and hears nothing but the crawling of insects.

That sorrow which obsessed me during my youth was not caused by lack of amusement, because i could have had it; neither from lack of friends, because i could have found them. That sorrow was caused by an inward ailment which made me love solitude. It killed in me the inclination for games and amusement. It removed from my shoulders the wings of youth and made me like a pong of water between mountains which reflects in its calm surface the shadows of ghosts and the colours of clouds and trees, but cannot find an outlet by which to pass singing to the sea.

Thus was my life before i attained the age of eighteen. That year is like a mountain peak in my life, for it awakened knowledge in me and made me understand the vicissitudes of mankind. In that year i was reborn and unless a person is born again his life will remain like a blank sheet in the book of existence. In that year, i saw the angels of heaven looking at me through the eyes of a beautiful woman. I also saw the devils of hell raging in the heart of an evil man. He who does not see the angels and devils in the beauty and malice of life will be far removed from knowledge, and his spirit will be empty of affection.

هذا الشي مو واجب الترجمة لبكره ؟

[يآحلآتي]

صبح الخير ياحلوين

قسمنا ماشاء الله صاير متكاتف وحبيت اساعدكم


Discuss the most common errors in writing?
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/easywriter3e/20errors

http://writingenglish.wordpress.com/2006/09/18/ten-common-writing-mistakes-your-spell-checker-won%E2%80%99t-find/
اللنكين فيهم الجواب


Organization and development lead to a coherent and cohesive essay. How?
الجواب من صفحه 59 الى 73 من ملزمة الدكتوره
البنات سالوها عنه وقالت تتكلمين كيف ينقسم الاسي ل 3 اقسام مقدمه والبدي والخاتمه وشنو نستخدم في كل قسم


Discuss the general mechanics of writing?
الجواب من صفحه 34 الى صفحه 48


Ignorance of punctuation rules is responsible run on sentences. How?
Proper style results in a well-organize essay. Explain what you should avoid in writing in order to write an effective essay?
مافهمت كيف نحل هذين السؤالين ياليت اللي فاهمه تشرحه هل اكتب امثله ولا كيف

[M.A.S]

بنات حددت د مها متى اختبار الدراما؟
ياااارب مو الاسبوع الجاي ياارب
بنات قروب اليوم اذا قالت الاسبوع الجاي حاولو فيها تاجل
ما ينفع نقد ودراما ورأ بعض على طووول

[طالبة2]

لا مو الأسبوع الجاي لأنها بتكمل مناقشة البحوث
كلام موثووووووق

[Highness]

بنات الله يعافيكم بغيت أعرف وش صار اليوم في محاضرة الدراما مع مس سميره اللي تبدا ٨ ؟ تكلمت عن ايش؟ وقالت شي عن الإختبار أو البرزنتيشن ؟
الشي الثاني الترجمه من ١٢ دكتوره سلوى ؟ ايش صار ؟ وحددت الإمتحان ؟

[ريحة المطر]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة m.a.s

بنات حددت د مها متى اختبار الدراما؟
ياااارب مو الاسبوع الجاي ياارب
بنات قروب اليوم اذا قالت الاسبوع الجاي حاولو فيها تاجل
ما ينفع نقد ودراما ورأ بعض على طووول

احنا قروب الاربعا واليوم قالت لنا الاختبار 19-محرم
وقالت كل قروب بوقت محاضرتهم

يعني بعد اسبوعين ان شاء الله

[طيرالحب]

بناااااااااااات من جربت تفتح البيوبل سوفت وفتح

لاني توني مجربته وماقدرت ادخل

[~ Luna]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة just noony

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