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E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum |
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أدوات الموضوع |
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#231 |
متميزة اللغة الانجليزية التعليم عن بعد
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
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التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة AlOmair Haifa ; 2014- 5- 14 الساعة 07:11 PM |
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#232 |
أكـاديـمـي فـعّـال
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
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#233 |
أكـاديـمـي مـشـارك
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
By the end of the 19th century, no book in the history of Western literature had had more editions, spin-offs and translations than Robinson Crusoe, with more than 700 such alternative versions, including children's versions with mainly pictures and no text.
يعني 700 اصدار من روبنسون كروز لكن عدد الكتب الي كتبها حوالي 500 كتاب معلومتين |
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#234 |
أكـاديـمـي
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
ياخونا اشوف في اختلف صار بين عمر 59 و60 فالي فهمته انا ان defoe يوم عمر 59 مااصدار اي رويه اونشر لي robinson بل يوم جاء عمرهو defoe60 صدرت منهو (اول نشره لي robinson)
هذا الي فهمته فا انكان فيه خطا في معلومتي افيدوني الله يوافقنا اجمعيا في مادتنا بكره يارب |
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#235 |
أكـاديـمـي
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
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#236 |
أكـاديـمـي مـشـارك
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
روبنسون كروز اصدارات الاطفال صور بدون نص
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#237 | |
أكـاديـمـي مـشـارك
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
اقتباس:
أول رواية كتبها روبنسون كروز وعمره 59 نشرها وعمره 60 |
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#238 |
أكـاديـمـي فـضـي
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
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#239 |
متميزة اللغة الانجليزية التعليم عن بعد
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
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#240 |
أكـاديـمـي نــشـط
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رد: .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..
1 Lecture 1 Emergence and Evolution of the Novel The Novel : Definitions and Distinctions Genre: Fiction and Narrative Style: Prose Length: Extended Purpose: Mimesis or Verisimilitude “ The Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written . The Romance, in lofty and elevated language, describes what never happened nor is likely to happen.” Clara Reeve, The Progress of Romance, 1785 Verisimilitude Refers to the illusion that the novel is a representation of real life. Verisimilitude results from : a correspondence between the world presented in the novel and the real world of the reader Recognizable settings and characters in real time what Hazlitt calls, “ the close imitation of men and manners… the very texture of society as it really exists.” The novel emerged when authors fused adventure and romance with verisimilitude and heroes that were not supermen but ordinary people, often, insignificant nobodies Precursors to the Novel Heroic Epics Gilgamesh, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil’s Aeneid, Beowulf, The Song of Roland Ancient Greek and Roman Romances and Novels An Ephesian Tale and Chaereas and Callirhoe, Petronius’s Satyricon, Apuleius’s The Golden Ass Oriental Tales A Thousand and One Nights Medieval European Romances: Arthurian tales culminating in Malory’s Morte Darthur Elizabethan Prose Fiction: Gascoigne’s The Adventure of Master F. J, Greene’s Pandosto: The Triumph of Time, Nashe’s The Unfortunate Traveller, Deloney’s Jack of Newbury Travel Adventures : Marco Polo, Ibn Batuta, More’s Utopia, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Voltaire’s Candide Novelle : Boccaccio’s Decameron, Margurerite de Navarre’s Heptameron Moral Tales: Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progess, Johnson’s Rasselas 2 The First Novels - Don Quixote ( Spain, 1605-15) by Miguel de Cervantes - The Princess of Cleves (France, 1678) by Madame de Lafayette - Robinson Crusoe (England, 1719) , Moll Flanders (1722) and A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel DeFoe - Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (England, 1740-1742) by Samuel Richardson - Joseph Andrews (England, 1742) and Tom Jones (1746)by Henry Fielding Types of Novels Picaresque Regional Epistolary Social Sentimental Mystery Gothic Science Fiction Historical Magical Realism Psychological Realistic/Naturalistic Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) First European novel: part I - 1605; part II - 1615 A psychological portrait of a mid-life crisis Satirizes medieval romances, incorporates pastoral, picaresque, social and religious commentary What is the nature of reality? The Princess of Cleves Madame de Lafayette First European historical novel – recreates life of 16th c. French nobility at the court of Henri II First roman d'analyse (novel of analysis), dissecting emotions and attitudes 3 The Rise of the English Novel The Restoration of the monarchy (1660) in England after the Puritan Commonwealth (1649-1660) encouraged an outpouring of secular literature Appearance of periodical literature: journals and newspapers Literary Criticism Character Sketches Political Discussion Philosophical Ideas Increased leisure time for middle class: Coffee House and Salon society Growing audience of literate women England’s First Professional Female Author: Aphra Behn 1640-1689 Novels Love Letters between a Nobleman and his sister (1683) The Fair Jilt (1688) Agnes de Castro (1688) Oroonoko (c.1688) She also wrote many dramas Daniel Defoe Master of plain prose and powerful narrative Journalistic style: highly realistic detail Travel adventure: Robinson Crusoe, 1719 Contemporary chronicle: Journal of the Plague Year , 1722 Picaresques : Moll Flanders, 1722 and Roxana 4 Picaresque Novels The name comes from the Spanish word picaro: a rogue A usually autobiographical chronicle of a rascal’s travels and adventures as s/he makes his/her way through the world more by wits than industry Episodic, loose structure Highly realistic: detailed description and uninhibited expression Satire of social classes Contemporary picaresques: Jack Kerouac’s On the Road Epistolary Novels Novels in which the narrative is told in letters by one or more of the characters Allows the author to present the feelings and reactions of the characters, and to bring immediacy to the plot, also allows multiple points of view Psychological realism Contemporary epistolary novels: Alice Walker’s The Color Purple; The Novel: A Definition According to M.H. Abrams: “The term novel is now applied to a great variety of writings that have in common only the attribute of being extended works of fiction written in prose. […] Its magnitude permits a greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot (or plots), ampler development of milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more concentrated modes.” The emergence of the novel The emergence of the novel was made possible by many factors. The most important are: 1. The development of the printing press: which enables mass production of reading material. 2. The emergence of a middle class (“middle station”) with the leisure to read. 5 Lecture 2 Emergence and Evolution of the Novel Pioneers of the English Novel The Novel of Manners: Jane Austen Samuel Richardson 1689-1761 Pamela (1740) and Clarissa (1747-48) Epistolary Sentimental Morality tale: Servant resisting seduction by her employer Henry Fielding 1707-1754 Shamela (1741) Joseph Andrews (1742), and Tom Jones (1749) Picaresque protagonists “comic epic in prose” Parody of Richardson Novels dominated by the customs, manners, conventional behavior and habits of a particular social class Often concerned with courtship and marriage Realistic and sometimes satiric Focus on domestic society rather than the larger world Other novelists of manners: Anthony Trollope, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Drabble 6 Gothic Novels Novels characterized by magic, mystery and horror Exotic settings – medieval, Oriental, etc. Originated with Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1764) William Beckford: Vathek, An Arabian Tale (1786) Anne Radcliffe: 5 novels (1789-97) including The Mysteries of Udolpho Widely popular genre throughout Europe and America: Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland (1798) Contemporary Gothic novelists include Anne Rice and Stephen King Frankenstein by Mary Shelley 1797-1851 One of the most famous gothic novels Inspired by a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a ghost story Published in 1817 (rev. ed. 1831) Influenced by the Greek myth of Prometheus Frankenstein is also considered the first science fiction novel Novels of Sentiment Novels in which the characters, and thus the readers, have a heightened emotional response to events Connected to emerging Romantic movement Laurence Sterne: Tristam Shandy (1760-67) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) Francois Rene de Chateaubriand: Atala (1801) and Rene (1802) The Brontës: Anne Brontë Agnes Grey (1847) Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights (1847), Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (1847) The Brontës Charlotte (1816-55), Emily (1818-48), Anne (1820-49) Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre transcend sentiment into myth-making Wuthering Heights plumbs the psychic unconscious in a search for wholeness, while Jane Eyre narrates the female quest for individuation 7 Historical Novels Novels that reconstruct a past age, often when two cultures are in conflict Fictional characters interact with with historical figures in actual events Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) is considered the father of the historical novel: The Waverly Novels (1814-1819) and Ivanhoe (1819) Realism and Naturalism Social Realism Social or Sociological novels deal with the nature, function and effect of the society which the characters inhabit – often for the purpose of effecting reform Social issues came to the forefront with the condition of laborers in the Industrial Revolution and later in the Depression: Dickens’ Hard Times, Gaskell’s Mary Barton; Eliot’s Middlemarch; Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath Slavery and race issues arose in American social novels: Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 20th c. novels by Wright, Ellison, etc. Social Realism Cont. Muckrakers exposed corruption in industry and society: Sinclair’s The Jungle, Steinbeck’s Cannery Row Propaganda novels advocate a doctrinaire solution to social problems: Godwin’s Things as They Are, Rand’s Atlas Shrugged Middle class Pragmatic Psychological Mimetic art Objective, but ethical Sometimes comic or satiric How can the individual live within and influence society? Honore Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, George Eliot, William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Leo Tolstoy, George Sand Middle/Lower class Scientific Sociological Investigative art Objective and amoral Often pessimistic, sometimes comic How does society/the environment impact individuals? Emile Zola, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Thomas Hardy, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser 8 Charles Dickens 1812-1870 By including varieties of poor people in all his novels, Dickens brought the problems of poverty to the attention of his readers: “It is scarcely conceivable that anyone should…exert a stronger social influence than Mr. Dickens has…. His sympathies are on the side of the suffering and the frail; and this makes him the idol of those who suffer, from whatever cause.” Harriet Martineau, The London Times called him "pre-eminently a writer of the people and for the people . . . the 'Great Commoner' of English fiction." Charles Dickens Cont. 1812-1870 Dickens aimed at arousing the conscience of his age. To his success in doing so, a Nonconformist preacher paid the following tribute: "There have been at work among us three great social agencies: the London City Mission; the novels of Mr. Dickens; the cholera." The Russian Novel Russia from 1850-1920 was a period of social, political, and existential struggle. Writers and thinkers remained divided: some tried to incite revolution, while others romanticized the past as a time of harmonious order. The novel in Russia embodied these struggles and conflicts in some of the greatest books ever written. The characters in the works search for meaning in an uncertain world, while the novelists who created them experiment with modes of artistic expression to represent the troubled spirit of their age. The Russian Novel Cont. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910): The Cossacks Anna Karenina War and Peace Resurrection Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) The Gambler Crime and Punishment Notes from Underground The Brothers Karamazov |
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الذين يشاهدون محتوى الموضوع الآن : 1 ( الأعضاء 0 والزوار 1) | |
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