[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : .. ( التجمع النهائي لمادة الرواية الحديثة ) ..

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The first novels were published as serial stories in newspapers.

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- Daniel Defoe Born in 1660 in London

- His mother and father were Presbyterian dissenters

- Defoe developed a taste for travel that lasted throughout his life

- his characters Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe both change their lives by voyaging far from their
native England.

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Defoe published his first novel, Robinson Crusoe, in 1719, when he was around 60 years old.

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- Robinson Crusoe was based on the true story of a shipwrecked seaman named Alexander Selkirk and was passed off as history

- In the second journey Crusoe becomes the slave of a Moor

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he manages to escape and is rescued and befriended by the Captain of a Portuguese ship

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he calls the Island of Despair

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He keeps a calendar by making marks in a wooden cross which he has built.

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Years later, he discovers native cannibals who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners.

[رايح بخرايطها]

Romances have a history of
providing escapism

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when a prisoner manages to escape, Crusoe helps him, naming his new companion “Friday”