[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : third year english student second term

[التوفيق يارب]

POETRY

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/Compaq/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] LECTURE SEVEN

Now we talk about the technicality of the poem, the poem is a dramatic monologue : a poem in which it has certain techniques, first of all there is a character who speaks and reveals his own not the poet , the poet here is objective , he creates a character and it is the character who speaks , it is the revelation of the character not the creator , there is one listener but there is no interference, the audience her are silent in My Last Duchess , we have the messenger who was sitting and listening while the duke speaks , sometimes there is an interconnection between the speaker and the audience and sometimes there isn't any contact.

In that speech the speaker reveals his identity, he reveals hid deep psychological traits even if he does not know that because he speaks ex.: " this grew I gave command…" we as readers realize that he is confessing his murder, the monologue reveals the deep hidden secrets of the speaker.

Technically the poet dose not communicate with the character ,there are no interference or analytical details , because the poet is like a creator , he creates a character and he lets the character grow in his revelation.

Monologues originally are parts of plays, but the poet developed this monologue to be a unit in a verse form. The dramatic monologue developed highly in the Victorian period , then browning is the major poet who developed the dramatic monologue to its highest point of achievement , which actually paved the way towards what is known in literature as the stream of consciousness in the novel which means that the character speaks and travels through time, then it developed to interior dramatic monologue.

If you study the character of the duke you will find extraordinary things that are contradicting each other and they are combined .

Let's talk about of his characteristics:

He covers the portrait with curtains because he is selfish and possessive, he wants all of the smiles to be only for him. He wants a wife who is only faithful to him because he sees himself as a god figure. He wants to transfer her behavior according to his wishes.

Jealousy, this is a major characteristic, he does not want her to smile to anyone , even as a dead work of art he is jealous of her smiles, he is jealous of her attention to others, mixture of pride and jealousy when he said that she flushes because of the comment of the painter. For him she is like an object because he is so possessive , he is in the center and everything revolves around him.

He is an authoritative kind of a character, in the command to the painter to present his work, people obey his commands because he is a man of absolute power people fear him, when he speaks to the envoy we feel his authorities voice although he is being polite, even though he imprisoned his wife in a portrait he controls her smile, his use of possessive pronouns , I , my, shows authority and control , he could not control his wife in her life so he controlled her after death by displaying her in his art gallery by covering and burying her under the curtains an indication of burying her under the ground.

Hypocrisy, when he says that he cares only for the character of the new wife but he is not being honest because he does care for the money, because the money gives him power and control, money will allow him to buy more works of art because he is aesthetic, this is why he is extraordinary and an attractive character. As we know people of art are very sensitive people, but here we see a ruthless man who has a combination of an artist .

He is a suspicious person he condemned her without giving her a chance to defend herself .

He is a proud, he is proud of his name "900 hundred years name..", he feels that directing his wife is stooping, he does not want her to treat him like everybody else, because he sees that he is different and arrogant person.

He is a great lover of art when he talks about the sculpture of Neptune and that it was made especially for him.

He is cold and cruel, he confesses killing his wife and then thinks of remarrying .

Madness, is he really stabled or mad , he is psychologically disturbed , is he a sadist??? NO.

Do you think he is intelligent or stupid ???

He is highly intelligent .."will it please you rise.." high aristocratic manners , all of these manners assert his superiority , these traits show a well balanced person , on the contrary he is dominant ,ruthless , cruel, jealous and materialistic , look at all these paradoxical characteristics , the duke combines aesthetic pried and sense of superiority to end his wife's life .

البنات يقرون أوراقهم

What kind of a character is Ulysses??? He has one major character that he is proud of himself. Is his pride similar to the duke's??? NO, he is proud because he has a great history of victory he is a warrior , he is a man of honor , who has done great achievements in the field of war ,because of his great ethics , a man with great values of life , and he deserves to be proud of his achievements, he is an ambitions man because he wants to accomplish the best in life, he is wise because he did not follow his dreams neglecting others, before leaving he chose a wise person to rule the country while he is away , he is humble , decent, a man who knows himself very well as well as others, very reasonable fare caring person .

يمكن يجيكم سؤال مقارنة بين الدوق و يوليسس

رجاء لاتجيني وحدة تقولي المحاضرة قصيرة بدون أي إزعاج ترسل لي رسالة أرسل لها التسجيل وتسمع وتمخمخ وتقارن على كيفها .. وشكرا

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POETRY

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/Compaq/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] LECTURE EIGHT

Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister

What is a soliloquy ??? it is when a character speaks inwardly , it is a kind of a monologue in which we have a speaker confessing his inner thoughts , and we as reader can see through, the speaker here does not address an audience, he is soliloquizing within himself , we have the setting which is in a garden , in the garden there are 2 monks in a monastery it is the garden of a church, one is named brother Lawrence, the other monk is watching him and soliloquizing, through his soliloquy we could understand the characteristics of both brother Lawrence and the other mink who speaks .

We could see accusations the speaker is accusing brother Lawrence of certain evils , and through his speech we discover that these accusations are not true ex. He accuses brother Lawrence of not being a religious man reading lustrous immoral novels , he is accusing brother Lawrence of things that are actually his and we learn at the end that this is all because of jealousy , because of malicious feelings , he has one of the deadly sins which is envy.

The poem is written in a very sarcastic mocking tone , browning is writing this poem in order to criticize the hypocrisy in the Victorian society , because the poem is talking about monks in the Spanish cloister inwardly he is talking about the hypocrisy of religious people.

Gr-r-r — there go, my heart’s abhorrence!

Abhorrence= extreme hatred, Gr-r-r, similar to the growling of the animals

Water your damned flower-pots, do!

He is addressing brother Lawrence , he is watering each plant this is an exhausting job, now working on the land is a very humble job, even the flowers are damned, the word damned is a horrible word especially when its pronounced from religious people

If hate killed men, Brother Lawrence,
God’s blood, would not mine kill you!

These are the most horrible words said, hatred can kill the same person that has this feeling but it does not kill others , he wishes brother Lawrence to die because he hates him very much this opening of the poem makes us wonder why he hate brother Lawrence what is the reason for all this hatred , this is a technique that creates a lot of excitement and suspense

What? your myrtle-bush wants trimming?

Look at these question marks, these are not questions , these are used for intense sarcasm and irony and mockery , he is mocking brother Lawrence , he says your bush needs trimming , this shows that brother Lawrence is a keen worker and a lover of working in the garden, so he is very loyal to his work, the other monk is making fun of the way brother Lawrence does his work.

Oh, that rose has prior claims —
Needs its leaden vase filled brimming?
Hell dry you up with its flames!

He curses brother Lawrence for such tentative work, we can feel the envy in him, because brother Lawrence is very accurate in doing his work, envy is one of the seven deadly sins. So in the first stanza we have great emotions reveled by the speaker , emotions of hatred , jealousy , evil emotions are expressed , these emotions shows that the speaker is very envious of brother Lawrence and his work in the garden

At the meal we sit together;
Salve tibi! I must hear
Wise talk of the kind of weather,
Sort of season, time of year:
Not a plenteous cork-crop: scarcely
Dare we hope oak-galls, I doubt;
What’s the Latin name for “parsley?”
What’s the Greek name for Swine’s Snout?

Now the speaker starts to list the accusations , one of these accusations is that , when the monks sit together at the table for dinner or lunch because they have to eat together , so meal times are a very sacred moments for the monks , because they sit together and perform a sacred ritual before having the meal , and this is some kind of a social activity between all of the monks , after the prayers they will eat their meal and they would chat with each other , brother Lawrence is a skilful communicator with every one , he would start the communication and the speaker monk is jealous from him. Salve tibi = a kind of praise for god before he begins his speech , before you start a speech you start by asking about the weather and how is the speaker doing…brother Lawrence is so good speaker that he could guide the speech and the conversation of the meal till the end , and this frustrate the soliloquist= the monk , so it is not only the general talk about the weather but things at a more higher level , because brother Lawrence if anyone asks him about anything such as words in Latin and Greek, he is able to answer and this shows that brother Lawrence is a well educated person. Brother Lawrence can talk about almost anything even the kind of trees. crop = outer part of the oak tree used to observe ink or colors. oak-galls = talking about the abnormal growth of oak trees , because oak trees are mighty huge. What’s the Latin name for “parsley?” = he is trying to be sarcastic , mocking the knowledge of brother Lawrence, Swine’s Snout= another kind of plant.

So in the 2nd stanza the speaker starts to list the accusations that brother Lawrence is the only one who speaks on the table , he is insinuating that brother Lawrence do not allow anyone to speak but on the contrary brother Lawrence starts the conversation and he is the center of attention , because he is a source of information for everybody , and everybody enjoys this conversation .

Whew! We’ll have our platter burnished,
Laid with care on our own shelf!
With a fire-new spoon we’re furnished,
And a goblet for ourself,
Rinsed like something sacrificial
Ere ’tis fit to touch our chaps —
Marked with L. for our initial!
(He-he! There his lily snaps!)

The 2nd accusation that the speaker accuses brother Lawrence of is knowledge in plates also, monks create their own dishes by clay an indication of modesty , and brother Lawrence put his initial on his plate he is a good artist , his plate will be a remarkable production, so he is mocking again his ability the artistic abilities of brother Lawrence, brother Lawrence is very careful in handling these pots which shows the good quality of brother Lawrence, he takes care of everything he creates other plates and cups but the speaker makes fun even of the way brother Lawrence washes the dishes, look how he tries to pick on insignificant things because he did not find anything against brother Lawrence, he makes fun of brother Lawrence way of marking his initials , notice the punctuations and the way browning used them in a very elaborate way.

The speaker in this stanza is mocking brother Lawrence for his delicate care , in the fourth stanza the speaker continues by starting to spread gossip .

Saint, forsooth! While brown Dolores
Squats outside the Convent bank
With Sanchicha, telling stories,
Steeping tresses in the tank,
Blue-black, lustrous, thick like horsehairs,
— Can’t I see his dead eye glow,
Bright as ’twere a Barbary corsair’s?
(That is, if he’d let it show!)

Here he starts to spread more deep issues about brother Lawrence, he says when we go out of the convent we could see the gypsies with thick hair and colorful hair , he says I can see his eyes eye glow = an indication of lust , how come a dead eye glow???? He accuse him of lust but at the same time he describes brother Lawrence's eye by dead how can a dead eye be lusty??!! brother Lawrence when he is out of the convent he do not look at women it is the speaker who looks, the gypsy lady sits near the convent spreading her beautiful hair and her colorful dress sitting in a tempting way telling stories and she will be given some money for her stories, look how meticulous he describes the woman which means he is the one looking at women in a lusty eye. Then he compares brother Lawrence to a lustrous villain , there is no evidence that brother Lawrence has a desire for women , the speaker here expresses his feelings louder than his thoughts so by showing these feelings or accusations for brother Lawrence but he is the man who has all these temptations as if he is describing himself.

When he finishes refection,
Knife and fork he never lays
Cross-wise, to my recollection,
As do I, in Jesu’s praise.
I the Trinity illustrate,
Drinking watered orange-pulp —
In three sips the Arian frustrate;
While he drains his at one gulp.

Again he makes fun of him on the table , he says when he finishes refection he never puts his knife and fork cross- wise and he swears , but in reality it is the speaker who does not have , even in drinking he says I table manners, he says I drink in 3 sips for trinity , but for brother Lawrence he drinks in one gulp , these accusations are to show how brother Lawrence is lower than them

Oh, those melons? If he’s able
We’re to have a feast! so nice!
One goes to the Abbot’s table,
All of us get each a slice.
How go on your flowers? None double?
Not one fruit-sort can you spy?

Another thing during the meal time , he starts by talking about melons , Oh, those melons? = his lust for food, usually when they cut melons it is washed and then devided between all the monks , what does the speaker do he asks brother Lawrence something about a plant because brother Lawrence is a lover of plants when he starts to explains things about the plants the speaker devours his share you see how horrible is this man!!! This very ironic and sarcastic, But what he claims here is the opposite he claims that brother Lawrence eats others share he does not share.

Strange! — And I, too, at such trouble,

! used in a skillful way to show sarcasm, the emphasis of the behavior of the speaker

Keep them close-nipped on the sly!

He is the one who eats all of the pieces , and leaves only the skins beside each other , we can feel how the speaker here is trying to imply false accusations on brother Lawrence.

There’s a great text in Galatians,
Once you trip on it, entails
Twenty-nine distinct damnations,
One sure, if another fails:
If I trip him just a-dying,
Sure of heaven as sure as can be,
Spin him round and send him flying
Off to hell, a Manichee?
Or, my scrofulous French novel
On grey paper with blunt type!
Simply glance at it, you grovel
Hand and foot in Belial’s gripe:
If I double down its pages
At the woeful sixteenth print,
When he gathers his greengages,
Ope a sieve and slip it in ’t?
Or, there’s Satan! — one might venture
Pledge one’s soul to him, yet leave
Such a flaw in the indenture
As he’d miss till, past retrieve,
Blasted lay that rose-acacia
We’re so proud of! Hy, Zy, Hine ...
“St, there’s Vespers! Plena gratiâ
Ave, Virgo! Gr-r-r — you swine!

[never give up]

مشكووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووره الله يفرج عليك زي مافرجتي علي

[قيتارة السماءj]

بنات الله يعافيكم اللي اختبروا اليوم شكسبير مع هوما كيف كانت اسئلتها وكم سؤال سألت كل وحده؟؟؟

[Me 3alYa]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة قطه بيضاء

السلااام عليكم بنااااات

بنات اني اترجي من الله ومنكم

جزاها ربي الجنه اللي تساعدني اني سنه رابعه بس عندي ماده سنه 3 الترم الاول وهي الشعر

معي منهج الدكتوره فوزيه لكن ودي يكون معي منهج الدكتوره حصه

ياليت اللي عندها منهج الدكتوره حصه وتقدر ترسله لي او نتواصل عن طريق الكليه ماتبخل علي

ادعي لها طول عمري طالبتنكم لااتردوني مالي غير الله وانتو
:c ry111:
انتظر بنات مساعدتكم ومشكوووووووورين مسبقاااااا

ان شاءالله اذا لقيييت ملازم لحصه نزلتهم لك بس عندي ملاحظة انوو لا تكتبين " اترجي من الله ومنكم " مايجوز تساوين الخالق بالمخلوق المفروض من الله ثم منكم وايضا " مالي غير الله وانتو "
وبأذن الله رح اسألك واحطهم لك اذا لقييتهم ع طووول

[j.я.o.o.7 ||~]

بنوتـــــــــــــــــــات ...

محاضرات للعربي 8 + 9+ 10

مين عندهاااااااااااا

[never give up]

عربي 7

مسرحيات مصدرها اجتماعي
ان انتشار التعليم والعلم والصحف والمجلات والأنديةوالجمعيات مهدت لظهور الطبقة المثقفة التي اصبحت عماد المجتمع وركنه الركين . اتصلتهذه الطبقة بالفكر الأوربي مما مهد لظهور الافكار الإصلاحية وصار الكتاب يعنونبحاجات الشعب ومشكلاته ويقترحون العلاج الشافي والحلول لمشكلاته
فالأدب قد اتجهإلى الشعب والمسررحية الإجتماعية انبثقت من الحياة الإجتماعية الجديده وتنوعتموضوعاتها من الحياة المعاصرة , وحاولت ان تعرض المشكلات وتبين الحلول في بعضالمواضع
لقد اتخذ الأدب الاجتماعي اتجاهات متعددة منها :
- اهتمام الأدببالدعوة الى حياة العلم والحضاره
- - الحمله على المفاسد الناشئة علىالتطرف
- المطالبة بالحقوق الإنسانيه
- العطف على الطبقة البائسة
- مناصرةالمرأة ورفع المستوى العائلي
- ومن هذه المسرحيات الشاب الجاهل السكير لطنوسالحر
- الهوى والرقاد لزينب فواز
ويغلب على المسرحية الإجتماعية القرب الىالمسرحية الشعبيه ( الميلو دراما ) التي تعني بابراز الحوادث المؤثرة المبنية علىالمفاجأت المستغربةووقائع المبارزة والتنكر والقتل والتسميم والخطف والترف ,وتسرففي اتجاهها نحو الذوق العامي الرخيص لما تدغدغه من انواع التأثير الرخيص المبتذله , وهي لا تعني بدراسة الشخصية الانسانيه وتحليلها وتغليبها على الحوادث وتقدم لنا هذهالشخصيات اما سوداء واما بيضاء ولا اثر للتعقيد او الصراع في نفسياتها وتنعدم فيهاالصبغة المحليه التي تبرز اخلاق البلاد وعاداتها وخصائصها.
الملهاه
مسرحيةتحاول اضحاك المتفرجين عبر مواقف مضحكه تستند إلى المفارقات , بدأها النقاش فيمسرحيته البخيل التي تأثر فيها بموليير ثم مسرحية السليط الحسود وهي ملهاهاخلاقيه
الهزلية : نمط من انماط الملهاه يعتمد على المواقف السخيفة والحركاتالتهريجية .
مسرحية الجهلاء المدعين بالعلملأبراهيم الطبيب , والمعلم التعيسلجورج دخول , ويكون الاضحاك فيها غاية بذاته
ظل التأليف المسرحي يخضع لمبدأالمحاكاه وظلت احد مهام الكاتب ايهام المشاهد بالحقيقه وان ما يراه على خشبة المسرحليس الا صورة تحاكي ما يحدث من واقع الحياه, ولكن بعض المؤلفين ضاقوا بالانماطالواقعية للشخصيات والاحداث واستعانوا باستخدام ادوات المسرح الحديث من ديكورواضاءة وحركة وبناء فبنوا المسرحية بناء غير واقعي فيه كثير من الرموز والتفكك فيالسياق والمكان والزمان , وفيه خروج عن العقل والمنطق في سبيل الكشف عن حقيقة اعمقداخل الاشياء لافي ظواهرها وابعادها الخارجية ,ويتميز اسلوب المسرحية هذه التعبيريبالشاعرية والحيويه والنقلات المفاجئة والعبارات الرمزية , مثالها : مسرح بريختالذي اعتمد على المحاكاهومسرحه المحلي قدم مفهوما جديدا للمسرح الكلاسيكي وغايتهوالعلاقه بينه وبين الجمهور
مسرح العبث ( اللا معقول )
ظهر في منتصف القرنالعشرين مسرح فيه طرافه وغرابه وخروج عن المألوف في المسرح , هو مسرح العبث ومسرحالعبث خطوة في سبيل التجريد والبعد عن الواقع في صوره الخارجية والبحث عن صورةالواقع في دخيلة النفس الإنسانية وفيما تنطوي عليه من اشكال الحياه وسلوك الناس منحقائق كامنه تحت ذلك السطح الظاهري
ومسرح العبث في موضوعه يعكس احساس الكاتبالعربيبعبث الحياة العصريه وقيامها على كثير من الأوضاع اللامعقولة بعد ان انهارتالعقيدة الدينيه عند كثير من الناس نتيجة الحروب والصراع الطبقي والمادي في ذلكالمجتمع. فليس في مسرحية العبث موضوع بالمعنى الصحيح ولا تطور للأحداث يقوم علىالنمو العضوي كالمألوف في المسرح التقليدي او غيره من اشكال المسرح الحديث . ومعهذا لم يتخل مسرح العبث تماما عن كل المقومات العامه المعهودة للمسرح . فقد تقومالمسرحية على موقف واحد ثابت يدل بركوده وثباته ودوران الشخصيات والحوار فيه فيمايشبه الدائرة المغلقه على عبث الحياه وعدم جدواها او على تسلط فكره من الأفكار اووضع من الأوضاع على انسان العصر الحديث كالذي نراه لدى كاتب المسرح من مثل ( صمويلبيكيت ) فالحوار في مسرح العبث يتألف من كليشيهات لا معنى لها ومن تكرار عباراتنمطية آلية وهكذا يواجه مشاهدو مسرحية العبث بصورة مجسمة كاريكاتورية لعالمهم الذييعيشون فيه , وهو عالم بلا ايمان او ارادة او حرية حقيقيه , وتختلط المأساةبالهزلية مما يثير الضحك او الدهشة .. قدم توفيق الحكيم مسرحية ( يا طالع الشجرة ) ضمن مسرح العبث
لقد فرضت عبثية الحياة ظهور هذا المسرح فالحروب والمآسي دفعتلابتكار اشكال فنيه تناسب ذلك الشعور ولكن مسرح العبث لم يلبث ان قل شأنه وضعفالتفات الناس اليه واصبح الآن مجرد حركة في تاريخ التأليف المسرحي وان كان قد تركبصماته باشكال مختلفه ودرجات متفاوته على كتاب المسرح ومخرجيه
المسرحالتسجيلي
خطوه ابعد من المسرح الملحمي في محاولة اشراك المشاهد فيما يعرضهالمسرح من قضايا , يصور المسرح التسجيلي الواقع السياسي والاجتماعي , يستعين المؤلففي هذا التسجيل بوسائل لم تكن مقبوله ولا مألوفه في المسرح من قبل , فيوردالاحصاءات او اقوال الصحف والاذاعات , ويحرك الممثلين على المسرح في مجموعات تكادتختفي فيها شخصية الفرد ,ويقوم الممثلون فيها بأكبر دور في لحظات متعاقبه من دونالحاجه الى تغيير في الملبس او المظهر كالمعهود في المسرح التقليدي , ومن اشهر كتابالمسرح التسجيلي بيتر فايس , فالبناء المنطقي المألوف يكاد يتلاشى وكذلك الشخصياتالناميه والصراع الممتد.
خصائص المسرح الجديد :
- الاقلال من قيمة النص كعنصرادبي جوهري في المسرحية والنظر اليه كمجرد نقطة انطلاق للتمثيل والاخراج والتصورللقضية التي ينطوي عليها النص
- يميل المسرح الحديث في اغلبه الى الاقتراب منالجمهور واثارة وعيه وتفكيره وتحطيم ذلك الحائط التقليدي لتصبح قاعة المسرح وخشبتهفي تجاوب وتفاعل مستمر ومن هنا لم يعد المخرج في حاجه الى كثير من الأثاث والديكوروالستائر
- لم يعد العرض المسرحي ينقسم الى فصول متكامله يسدل الستار على كلمنها , بل غدى المشاهد يرى عرضا مستمرا في جميع الاحوال
غير ان هذا لا يعني انالمسرح التقليدي قد انقضى وان الجمهور قد انصرف عن المسرحيات ذات النص الادبيانصرافا تاما ولكن الجمهور بدأ يتذوق تلك الاتجاهات الحديثه
اما المسرح العربيفقد بدأ منذ سنوات يتأثر تأثرا واضحا بالالتزام بالموضوع من ناحيه وبالتجريد منالاخراج من ناحية اخرى , فكاد يختفي التاليف التقليدي لتأخذ مكانه مسرحيات اقرب الىالمسرح الملحمي او التسجيلي مع اعتماد على كثير من الرموز الصالحه للتعبير عنالموضوعات السياسيه

[never give up]

محاضرة الحوار

[M.A.S]

بنات بليييز انسر مي
قصيده ساوند اند سنس نقدتوها كامله بالكلاس؟

True ease in writing comes from art, not change, As those move easiest who have learned to dance.
'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense,
The spound must seem an echo to the sense;
Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blows,
And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flows;
But when loud surges lash the sounding shore,
The hoarse rough verse should like the torrent roar.
When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line too labors, and the words move slow;
Not so, when swift Camilla scours the plain,
Flies o'er the' unbending corn, and skims along the main.
Hear how Timotheus' varied lays surprise,
And bid alternate passions fall and rise!


والا بس هذا المقطع ؟

[never give up]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة m.a.s

بنات بليييز انسر مي
قصيده ساوند اند سنس نقدتوها كامله بالكلاس؟

true ease in writing comes from art, not change, as those move easiest who have learned to dance.
'tis not enough no harshness gives offense,
the spound must seem an echo to the sense;
soft is the strain when zephyr gently blows,
and the smooth stream in smoother numbers flows;
but when loud surges lash the sounding shore,
the hoarse rough verse should like the torrent roar.
when ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
the line too labors, and the words move slow;
not so, when swift camilla scours the plain,
flies o'er the' unbending corn, and skims along the main.
hear how timotheus' varied lays surprise,
and bid alternate passions fall and rise!


والا بس هذا المقطع ؟

انتي مع اي دكتوره ؟

[M.A.S]

نجلا