[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : تجمع مذاكرة النحو و الصرف

[ضــامية حــنين]

يعطيكم الف عافيه

واصلوا لاني خلصت المذاكره بس وقت المراجعه والامتحان من موضوعكم

لاهنتوا وربي يوفقكم

[hind9000]

الله يوفقكم جميعا استمرووووووووووا

[ام لمى 82]

وهنا بعض الملفات والشروحات اتمنى تفيدكم ولي عوده باذن الله
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t574255.html

[nsayim]

يعطيكم العافيه جميعا الله يسعدكم .. اليوم كنت ابي افتح موضوع لمراجعة الماده ككل وخفت أن مايمديني اخلص الماده لو ماكان معي احد .. لكن مع تعاونكم ان شاء الله راح نخلص الماده

المطلوب من المحاضرة 3
المحاضره (3)
1-Function Words
ذكر التعاريف نركز عليها
2-what modal is
3-prepositions

[nsayim]

Function Words
Function words can also be categorized in different classes: determiners, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, adverbial particles, coordinators, and subordinators. To distinguish these classes briefly, we will look at their semantic function and syntactic role, list their main forms, and consider their subclasses
الكلمات الوظيفية
هي المحددات , الضمائر ,الأفعال المساعدة , حروف الجر ,الظروف , الروابط
لكي نميز بينهم ننظر لوظيفتها الدلالية والنحوية

1- Determiners: Determiners normally precedes nouns, and are used to help clarify the meaning of the noun.
تسبق الأسماء وتستخدم لتوضيح معنى الأسم مثل the , a , an تستخدم للتوضيح

Pronouns: pronouns fill the position of a noun or a whole noun phrase. The reference of a pronoun is usually made clear by it contexts
.
الضمائر : تأتي لتدل على اسم وتجعله واضحا
Auxiliary Verbs: There are two kinds of auxiliary verbs: Primary Auxiliary & Modal Auxiliary. Both are ‘Auxiliary Verbs’ in the sense of that they are added to a main verb to help build verb phrases.
Auxiliary verbs precede the main or lexical verb in a verb phrase: (will arrive, has arrived, is arriving, may be arriving). Some common auxiliaries have contracted forms ----’s, ‘re, ---‘ve, --’d, --’ll, used particularly in speech
الافعال المساعده لها نوعين فعل مساعد أولي وفعل مساعد مشروط وتأتي الأفعال المساعده قبل (will arrive, has arrived, is arriving, may be arriving)
4- Prepositions: are linking words that introduce prepositional phrases. The prepositional complement following a preposition is generally a noun phrase, so prepositions can also be seen as linking words that connect other structures with noun phrases. ( Eleven fifty with the tip) (And she is in a new situation) ( that picture of mother) (She’s still on the phone).
حروف الجر تربط بين الجمل الأسمية

Adverbial Particles: are a small group of words with a core meaning of motion. The most important are: about, across, along with, around, aside*, away*, back*, by, down, forth*, home*, in, off, on, out, over, past, round, through, under, up. All of these forms except those marked * can also be prepositions. Adverbial particles are closely linked to verbs.

الظروف : مجموعه صغيرة من الكلمات اهمها الكلمات التي في الأعلى

The modals are: will, can, shall, may, must, would, could, should, might. In practice the modals can be regarded as invariable function words, with no inflections such as –ing and –ed.
The modal will and would have contracted forms (‘ll & ‘d), and most modals have a contracted negative form ending in (n’t), such as wouldn’t. Modals occur as the
first verb in a clause, and are followed by the base form of another verb, usually the main verb. ( I can live here quietly) (They would have a different view)

الكلمات الشرطية تكون ثابته ومافيها edولا ing في النفي لازم نحط لها الفاصله العلوية
والشرط دائما يتبع الفعل الأول في الجملة

Prepositions: are linking words that introduce prepositional phrases. The prepositional complement following a preposition is generally a noun phrase, so prepositions can also be seen as linking words that connect other structures with noun phrases. ( Eleven fifty with the tip) (And she is in a new situation) ( that picture of mother) (She’s still on the phone).
• Most prepositions are short, invariable forms e.g. about, after, around, as, at by, down, for, from, into, like, of, off, on, round, since, than, to towards, with, without. In the following examples, the preposition is in bold, and the prepositional phrase it introduces is enclosed in [ ].
The noun phrase functioning as prepositional complement is underlined. He’ll go [ with one of the kids+ . Prepositions can be linked to a preceding verb as ‘rely on’. ( you can’t, you can’t rely on any of that information).
• Complex prepositions consist of multi-word units ( e.g. such as, as for, except for, apart from, because of, instead of, out of, regardless of, according to, due to, owing to, by means of, in spite of, in addition to, with regard to, as far as, as well

حروف الجر للربط بين الكلمات و أغلب حروف الجر ثابتة وقصيره

[nsayim]

المطلوب من المحاضرة 4 و5
Describing
شرح ال Np
وقال اهم شي انكم تعرفون تقسمون الجمله

[...mlak]

.....................................

هالكلام كتبته من مغرب بس علق الموقع مدري ليش ..

المحاضره الثالثه :

: Function words انواعها:
determiners, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, adverbial particles, coordinators, and subordinators.
الححين نشرح كل نوع بالتفصيل..

1_ determiners المحددات تقسم كذلك إلى:
((,definite article :((the,a,an-

Demonstrative determiners-
وهي التي تشير بالقرب والبعد من المتكلم مثل
(this book, that book)

:Possessive determiners-
وهي تفيد ملكية الشيء المسمى مثل :
( my book, your book, her book…)

Quantifiers-
]تحدد كمية الشيء المسمى مثل] :
( every book, some books. )

خلصنا من الديتيرمنرس..
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2_ Pronouns الضمائر تنقسم كذلك إلى:
- Personal pronouns: ضمائر الشخصيه التي تعود ع المخاطب والمتحدث مثل :
(I won‟t tell you how it ended)

- Demonstrative pronouns:
ضمائر تشير للقريب والبعيد مثل:
(This is Bay city) ( I like those)


- Reflexive pronouns: ضمائر إنعكاسيه ترجع إلى الجمله الإسميه مثل:
. ( I taught myself) (She never understood herself)

- Reciprocal pronouns: ضمائر تبادليه مثل الضمائر الإنعكاسيه ولكن تبين ان هناك علاقه متبادله مثل:
( Yeah they know each other pretty well).

- Possessive pronouns: ضمائر الملكيه مثل
( mine, yours, his)
. ( Is this yours, or mine) ( Ours is better than theirs). ( yours might refer back to your book or your car).

- Indefinite pronouns: ضمائر غ محدده بعضها مركبه من كميه او اسم عام مثل:
general noun: امثله ع الأسم العام (everything, nobody, someone)
: quantifier أمثله ع الكميه (all, some, many)

- Relative pronouns: الضمائر النسبيه مثل:
(who, whom, which, that) ( I had more friends that were boys) ( He‟s the guy who told me about this).

- Interrogative pronouns: ضمائر الإستفهام طرح أسئله عن امور غ معروفه مثل:
. ( what did he say) ( I just wonder who it was).

خلصنا من البروناون..
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3- Auxiliary Verbs : أفعال مساعده مثل:
(will arrive, has arrived, is arriving, may be arriving)

تنقسم Auxiliary Verbs إلى قسمين : Primary Auxiliary & Modal Auxiliary.

-Primary Auxiliary :هي أفعال أساسيه مثل : be, have, and do.
be :اللي هي I,is.are في المضارع و was,were في الماضي
have: تشمل has,had
do: dose, did

امثله :
(I‟ve done that once ) , (She was thinking about me).
( known as do insertion (. Did he sell it?) (This doesn‟t make sense).

-Modal Auxiliaries: افعال المودل
مع الأسم يستخدم في التعبير مثل :
, ( possibility, necessity, prediction, and volition. ):
وبعضها مودل ثابته مثل:
will, can, shall, may, must, would, could, should, might. –ing and –ed.

امثله :
( I can live here quietly) (They would have a different view).

خلصنا من المودل ..
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4- Prepositions : حروف الجر مثل :
e.g. about, after, around, as, at by, down, for, from, into, like, of, off, on, round, since, than, to towards, with, without.

- ( e.g. such as, as for, except for, apart from, because of, instead of, out of, regardless of, according to, due to, owing to, by means of, in spite of, in addition to, with regard to, as far as, as well as).

(as „rely on‟. ( you can‟t, you can‟t rely on any of that information

خلصنا من بروبزشن..
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باقي 4 نقاط.. تعبت .. كملوها

...............................

[άήįήל]

ملاك نسايم ربي يسعدكم ويعافيكم
انا كتبت شروحاتي بس بالاب تووب والموقع معلق من الاب
والحين داخله من جوالي
الله يعيين

مدام فيه بنات يشرحون شرايكم نوزع الشروحات بينا عشان الوقت وعشان بعد مانتشتت
وصعبه انا احد يشرح نقطه ونلاقي احد بنفس الوقت جالس يشرحها

عساكم ع القووه

[R.F.H]

الله يعطيكم العافيه

[الجازي ..]

موضوع جممميل الله يسعدكم جملو شرحكم بالعربي