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ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇäí - ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇäí ÌãíÚ ÊÎÕÕÇÊ ßáíÉ ÇáÂÏÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá. |
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2014- 5- 16 | #321 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ãÜÔÜÇÑß
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Çáí ÇäÊ ßÇÊÈå ÈÇáÈÑÊÞÇáí æÇáÇÍãÑ
Çí ãäåã ÇáÓÄÇá ..æÇí ãäåã ÇáÌæÇÈ |
2014- 5- 16 | #322 |
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
ãÏÑí áíå ÂÍÓ ÈÌíÈ ÇáÚíÏ ÈåÇ ÇáãÇÏå
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2014- 5- 16 | #323 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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Çááå íÌÒÇß ÇáÝÑÏæÓ ... áß ÏæÑ ßÈíÑ Ýí ãÓÇÚÏÊí Ú ÇáÝåã æÞÊ ÇäÞáÔ ßÊÇÈå |
2014- 5- 16 | #324 |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
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2014- 5- 16 | #325 |
ãÊãíÒ ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ _ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇäí
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
ÇáÏÑå Çááå íÚÇÝíß ÇáÇÍãÑ ÓÄÇá æÇáÈÑÊÞÇáí ÌæÇÈ
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2014- 5- 16 | #326 | |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí
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ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÈÓ ÇíÔ ÇáÓÄÇÇÇá!!! |
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2014- 5- 16 | #327 | |
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ãÜÔÜÇÑß
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ÇáÚÊÈ Ú ÇáäÙÑ ãä ÇáÑÈßå Êæ ÇÞÑÂåã |
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2014- 5- 16 | #328 |
ãÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä - Úáã ÇÌÊãÇÚ
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã
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2014- 5- 16 | #329 |
ãÊãíÒ ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ _ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇäí
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
åäÇ ÑÇÍ ÇÊÈÚ ØÑíÞ ÇÎÑì Ýí ÇáÔÑÍ ÑÇÍ Êßæä ÇáÞØÚå ãæÌæÏå æÑÇÍ ÇÏÎá ÇÏæÇÊ ÇÓÆáå Èíä ÇáÌãá æÇÈí ÇÚáãåÇ ÈÇááæä ÇáÇÍãÑ æÑÇÍ Êßæä ÇáÇÌÇÈå ÈÇááæä ÇáÇÎÖÑ
1 (what)Bilingual education is an educational program that provides instruction in both the student's native language and the language of the host country. In the United States, (what)bilingual programs give instruction in English and some other language, such as Spanish, Farsi, or Vietnamese. 2 (when)Bilingual Education became federal law in 1974 . According to the Bilingual Education Act of 1974, public schools must provide equal educational opportunities for students who speak languages other than English . This law was renewed by the 1984 Title II public Law 98-511. These two laws recommended that federal money be given to states so that they could implement bilingual programs and teacher training, classes in students' native language , and English as a second language(ESL). 3 Some states had begun their own bilingual programs before they were required to do so by federal law. Massachusetts became the (when)first state to mandate bilingual education in 1971. The bilingual programs in Massachusetts later became a model for other states. The ways in which bilingual programs are implemented by the different states varies greatly. 4 (what)One of the most common models of bilingual education in the United States is called transitional bilingual education. In this kind of program, students learn ESL while taking all their other classes in their native language . Students must stop taking classes in their native language after some period of time, usually three years. After the three-year time limit, students start taking all their classes in English only. (what)The reason for this model is that native language classes should serve only as a "transition" to English . (what)The main goal of a transitional program is to teach students English as quickly as possible. 5 (what)Another kind of program is called maintenance bilingual education . Maintenance programs do not have the same time limit as transitional programs. Students can continue taking content-area classes(Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies) in their native language for as long as they need to or want to . (what)The idea behind a maintenance program is that a child's native language is worth maintaining and developing . In fact, searches has shown that students who are fully literate in their first language will be more successful in learning how to read and write a second language . (what)One of the problems with maintenance programs is that they are more expensive than transitional programs. 6 Two-(how many )way bilingual education is a program that offers second-language instruction to students whose native language is English , while at the same time providing ESL to students who speak a language other than English . For example, English-speaking students might take courses in Spanish while Spanish-speaking students take ESL classes. Bothe groups would continue to take their other content courses in their native language. In some classes, students may work together using both languages. (what is )The purpose of two-way bilingual education program is to make all students bilingual. 7 Finally , there is immersion bilingual education . In these programs, students take all-English courses for a year or two before taking course in their native language . In other words, they are immersed in English for the first year or two. Research has not shown that this kind of approach is more effective than the other models already described . (how)Many students feel overwhelmed during the first two years. While struggling to learn English , (what)they lose valuable time that should be spent learning (what)important concepts in math and science. 8 Bilingual education has always been and continues to be a controversial subject. It is controversial for a variety of reasons. Some critics argue that bilingual education places an unfair burden on schools, and that taxpayers' money should not be spent teaching immigrants in their native language . They reason that all people in the United States should have to read, write ,and speak English. In addition, they point out that bilingual programs haven't always been successful in producing literate, bilingual students. 9 Many people in favor of bilingual education agree that some bilingual programs are better than others, and not all of them are successful. However, research has proven that students who are literate in their first language will learn how to read and write a second language more easily. In addition, students who learn important concepts in math and science in their native language will be able to understand these concepts much more easily when they move into all-English course. Some proponents of bilingual education argue that the real reason critics are opposed to these programs is that these programs really work. Bilingual proponents say that critics of bilingual education don't really want immigrants to be successful at school. 10 (where)The controversy over bilingual education continues. In 1998, a law was passed in California that made bilingual education illegal . According to this law, teachers are not allowed to teach students in any language other than English. Instead , students who speak a language other than English are allowed to take one year of ESL. After that, they must take all their courses in regular English. 11 Some states are waiting to see what will happen next in California; others are already proposing similar laws. Whatever happens, bilingual education will certainly continue to be controversial. åäÇ ÍÇæáÊ ÇÞÑÈ áßã ÇáÕæÑå ÇßËÑ æÇßËÑ ÇáÓæÇá æÇáÌæÇÈ íßæäæ ÞÑíÈíä ãä ÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ host country = the country in which an immigrant lives ÇáÈáÏ ÇáãÖíÝ literate = someone who's educated ãÊÚáã vary = different things ÊäæÚ literate<<<<<<>>>>>>>illiterate ÛíÑ ãÊÚáã ãÊÚáã ÇáãÖÇÏÇÊ |
2014- 5- 16 | #330 |
ãÊãíÒ ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ _ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇäí
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ÑÏ: @@@ ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ áÛÉ ÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÞÑÇÁÉ @@@
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ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 4 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 4) | |
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ÇáãæÖæÚ | ßÇÊÈ ÇáãæÖæÚ | ÇáãäÊÏì | ãÔÇÑßÇÊ | ÂÎÑ ãÔÇÑßÉ |
[ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ ] : ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ãÇÏÉ ãÏÎá ÇááÛæíÇÊ | ÓÈÍÇäß íÇÑÈ | E3 | 4 | 2014- 4- 8 12:49 AM |