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ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 16   #323
HELLO~ KITTY
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hello-kitty ÊÓáãíä ãä ØíÈ ÇÕáß æÑÈí

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ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 16   #326
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ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
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1 private detectives and investigators help attorneys , businesses ,and the public with a variety of problems . Their services include protecting businesses from theft and vandalism . They may also gather evidence for trials and conduct background investigations. While detectives concentrate on providing protection and investigators specialize in gathering information , many do some of each .
who help attorneys , businesses ,and the public with a variety of problems
what private detectives and investigators do
they protecting businesses from

2 most detectives and investigators are trained to perform physical surveillance, often for long periods of time , in a car or van . They may observe a site , such as the home of a subject, from a hidden location . The surveillance continues using cameras, binoculars, and a car phone, until the desired evidence is obtained . They also search on –line computer databases containing probate records , motor –vehicle registrations, credit reports, and other information.
most detectives and investigators are trained for what

3 private detectives and investigators obtain information by interviewing witnesses and assembling evidence and reports for litigation or criminal trials. They get cases from clients or are assigned to cases by the manager or firm they work for. Many spend considerable time conducting surveillance, seeking to observe inconsistencies in a subject's behavior. For example, a person who has recently filed a worker's compensation claim stating that an injury has made walking difficult should not be able to jog or mow the lawn . If such behavior is observed , the investigator takes video or photographs to document the activity and reports back to the supervisor or client.
private detectives and investigators obtain information by


4 some investigations involve verification of facts , such as an individual's place of employment or income. This might involve a phone call or a visit to the workplace in other investigations, especially in missing persons cases and background checks , the investigator interviews people to gather as much information as possible about an individual.
5 private detectives and investigators who work for retail stores or malls are responsible for theft control. Store detectives protect store merchandise by apprehending anyone attempting to steal merchandise or destroy store property. They detect theft by shoplifters, delivery personnel , and even store employees . Store detectives sometimes conduct inspections of stock areas, dressing rooms, and rest rooms . They may also assist in the opening and closing of the store.

private detectives and investigators who work for retail stores or malls are responsible for


working conditions
6 private detectives and investigators often work irregular hours because of the need to conduct surveillance and contact people who may not be available during normal working hours .early morning, evening ,weekend , and holiday work is common.
7 many detectives and investigators spend much time away from their offices conducting interviews or doing surveillance, but some work in their office most of the day conducting computer searches and making phone calls . some split their time between office and field . Those who have their own agencies and employ other investigators may work primarily in an office and have normal business hours.
where many detectives and investigators spend much time

some of them split their time
8 when working a case away from the office , the environment might range from plush boardrooms to seedy bars . Store and hotel detectives work mostly in the businesses they protect .investigators generally work alone , but sometimes work with others during surveillance or when following a subject.
what happen when working a case away from the office

9 much of the work detectives and investigators do can be confrontational because the person being observed or interviewed may not want to be . As a result, the job can be stressful and sometimes dangerous. Some detectives and investigators carry handguns. In most cases, a weapon is not necessary because the purpose of their work is the gathering of information and not the apprehension of criminals.

why they can be confrontational
what they are carry

10 there are no formal education requirements for private detective and investigator jobs, although most employers prefer high school graduates ; many private detectives have collage degrees. Almost all private detectives and investigators have previous experience in other occupations. Some work at first for insurance companies . Many investigators enter the field after serving in military or law enforcement jobs.
11 retired law enforcement officers, military investigators , and government agents frequently become private detectives and investigators as a second career. Others enter from such fields as finance , accounting , investigative reporting, insurance, and law. These individuals often can apply their prior work experience in a related investigation specialty. A few can enter the occupation directly after graduation from college, generally with majors in such fields as criminal justice or police science.
12 for private detective and investigator jobs, most employers look for individuals who are curious, aggressive and assertive . A candidate must not be afraid of confrontations , should communicate well , and should be able to think quickly.

what the most employers look for






ØÈÚÇ ÑÇÍ Êßæä ÇáÇÓÆáå ÈäÝÓ ÇáÕíÛå ÕÚÈ Çäí ÇßÊÈ Úáì ßá ÇáãÞØÚ ÇÓÆáå íÈíáí 200 ÓæÇá

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ÇáßáãÇÊ

aggressive = strong
Þæí

apprehend = arrest or catch

ÇáÞÈÖ Úáì Çæ ÇÚÊÞÇá

assemble = collect

íÌãÚ

evidence = proof against someone ex- criminal

Ïáíá Çæ ÇËÈÇÊ

assist = help
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private detectives and investigators get their cases from
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detectives concentrate on
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1 (what)Bilingual education is an educational program that provides instruction in both the student's native language and the language of the host country. In the United States, (what)bilingual programs give instruction in English and some other language, such as Spanish, Farsi, or Vietnamese.
2 (when)Bilingual Education became federal law in 1974 . According to the Bilingual Education Act of 1974, public schools must provide equal educational opportunities for students who speak languages other than English . This law was renewed by the 1984 Title II public Law 98-511. These two laws recommended that federal money be given to states so that they could implement bilingual programs and teacher training, classes in students' native language , and English as a second language(ESL).
3 Some states had begun their own bilingual programs before they were required to do so by federal law. Massachusetts became the (when)first state to mandate bilingual education in 1971. The bilingual programs in Massachusetts later became a model for other states. The ways in which bilingual programs are implemented by the different states varies greatly.
4 (what)One of the most common models of bilingual education in the United States is called transitional bilingual education. In this kind of program, students learn ESL while taking all their other classes in their native language . Students must stop taking classes in their native language after some period of time, usually three years. After the three-year time limit, students start taking all their classes in English only. (what)The reason for this model is that native language classes should serve only as a "transition" to English . (what)The main goal of a transitional program is to teach students English as quickly as possible.
5 (what)Another kind of program is called maintenance bilingual education . Maintenance programs do not have the same time limit as transitional programs. Students can continue taking content-area classes(Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies) in their native language for as long as they need to or want to . (what)The idea behind a maintenance program is that a child's native language is worth maintaining and developing . In fact, searches has shown that students who are fully literate in their first language will be more successful in learning how to read and write a second language . (what)One of the problems with maintenance programs is that they are more expensive than transitional programs.
6 Two-(how many )way bilingual education is a program that offers second-language instruction to students whose native language is English , while at the same time providing ESL to students who speak a language other than English . For example, English-speaking students might take courses in Spanish while Spanish-speaking students take ESL classes. Bothe groups would continue to take their other content courses in their native language. In some classes, students may work together using both languages. (what is )The purpose of two-way bilingual education program is to make all students bilingual.
7 Finally , there is immersion bilingual education . In these programs, students take all-English courses for a year or two before taking course in their native language . In other words, they are immersed in English for the first year or two. Research has not shown that this kind of approach is more effective than the other models already described . (how)Many students feel overwhelmed during the first two years. While struggling to learn English , (what)they lose valuable time that should be spent learning (what)important concepts in math and science.
8 Bilingual education has always been and continues to be a controversial subject. It is controversial for a variety of reasons. Some critics argue that bilingual education places an unfair burden on schools, and that taxpayers' money should not be spent teaching immigrants in their native language . They reason that all people in the United States should have to read, write ,and speak English. In addition, they point out that bilingual programs haven't always been successful in producing literate, bilingual students.
9 Many people in favor of bilingual education agree that some bilingual programs are better than others, and not all of them are successful. However, research has proven that students who are literate in their first language will learn how to read and write a second language more easily. In addition, students who learn important concepts in math and science in their native language will be able to understand these concepts much more easily when they move into all-English course. Some proponents of bilingual education argue that the real reason critics are opposed to these programs is that these programs really work. Bilingual proponents say that critics of bilingual education don't really want immigrants to be successful at school.
10 (where)The controversy over bilingual education continues. In 1998, a law was passed in California that made bilingual education illegal . According to this law, teachers are not allowed to teach students in any language other than English. Instead , students who speak a language other than English are allowed to take one year of ESL. After that, they must take all their courses in regular English.
11 Some states are waiting to see what will happen next in California; others are already proposing similar laws. Whatever happens, bilingual education will certainly continue to be controversial.


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