[ اللغة الانجليزية ] : third year english student second term

[jawaher]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة so100

هذا الجدول ياجواهر

الله يعطيك العافية يااارب ووفقك دنيا واخرة

[SaraIb]

السلام عليكم


كيف الحال بنات ؟


حبيت اسال عن النقد مع د. هيفا والترجمة د. سلوى
وش طريقة الاختبار النهائي ؟ قالو شي ؟

[heavy rain20]

خايفة ما ذاكرت شي الى النهائي للحين شلون بنات بتسوون ؟

[asbab15]

هاااااااااااي

بنات الي عندها اخر 3 محاضرات النقد لمس هيفاء ياريت تنزلهم هنا
اقصد لسليدات الي نكتبهم معاها بلكلاس

[Saroona]

بنات ياحلوين كم علامه على فايل النقد هيفا وضروري نسلمه ولا عادي مش مهم

[D R E A M E R]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة lama-h

الله يجزاك الخير
بس هذه مو بشكل مقالات
هذه قص لصق من نفس المحاضرات يلي ندرسها و الحل مو بكامل
بنات الله يعافيكم في حد عندها الحل كامل و على شكل مقالات؟؟

لا تقوليييييييييييييييييييييييييييين انا توني ما اطلعت عليها

بناااااااااات

[العسل المر]

بنات اللي عندها نقد مع هيفاء المحاضرات
ياليت تسدحم هنا
ربي يوفقكم

[لغه الزهور]

بنات اللي نزلت حل شكسبير حلت بس 4 اسئله باقي سؤالين ,,اتوقع حلهم بالمحاضرات اللي ماووصلتنا ,,هالنفريغ بيودينا في داهيه,,

بس طبعا الحل ملخبط بس فيه كل المعلومات مش ناقصه يبيلها ترتيب فقط,, ف اشرايكم كل وحده تمسك سؤال وترتب الحل وتنزله هون ,,

انا مسكت السؤال الأول وشارفت على انهاء ترتيبه بس اخلص بنزله هون ,,

[لغه الزهور]

هذا حل السؤال الأول بس للأمانه مالقيت حل cubism ولا – intertextuality : parody – classical allusion ..

في بالصفحات اللي قدام وحده شارحه نقطه parody بس بطريقتها وبنقاط وهذا كلامها ,,

لparody technique

أول شي المسرحيه Melodrama Comedy

The love stories are Funny , they are following their love ,and not very seriuos
to make the readers or audiences laugh at them , they didn't treat love seriously
and mock them .
the major theme of the play is love but Shakespeare didn't treat this theme seriously
وطبعـآ تتكلمين عن الثيم أوف لوف هنآ < تلقينه مقطط بمليون موقع بالنت ..
الأشيـآء الفآني اللي صـآرت بالمسرحيه هي :
الهدآيآ السخيفه اللي بين المحبين .. كتآبة الشعر بينهم .. التوسلات اللي توصل للذل زي ماوصفت نفسسها بالكلب اللي يتبعه

the use of subplot which move as circle . and this circle sutituted for the traditional
" Love tranqual " < مثلث الحب ..
وهنا تشرحين قصص الحب بإختصـآر .. وهذي القصص تتقآطع مثلآ لما حب الملك الملكه حقت الامازون وقرر يتزوجها .. ولما حبت ملكة الجن الانسان " بوتوم " < يعني تداخلت قصص الحب اللي حق الانسآن مع الجنيآت .. تسردينهم كلهم بإختصـآر . ..
Shakespeare satires the courtry love < الحب المفروض من طرف واحد واللي يُرفض فيه الرجل ..
بعدين نذكر ..
Shakespeare Uses 4 modren tools for parodizing the love storeis in the play :
1- Gendermanderning " love stories " Helena and Demetrius , Titen's with Bottom
2- intertexailty ; Pyrmes ans Thesepiy is a parodi from Romeo and Juliyet هنا تذكرين ان المسرحيه اللي مثلوها هي أستنبآط من مسرحيه روميو وجولييت بس النسخه الكوميدي منها خخخ ..
3- Expresssionism " whitched to Animal "
4- Surealism " the fight when they say a bad word to each other - Lysander and Hermia - the words they used is the source of laugh rather than disgust - not realistic - Houmors Fight not real one


بعديين :

Shakespeare accumulates different kind of love realtionship in his play
1- love by force - fuals love not by own well
- Lysander with Helena
- Demetrius with Helena
- the Fairy Queen with Bottom
2- love at first sight
the working of Quiped - Demetrius with Hermia when he leaves Helena
and Lysander when he opens his eyes and love Helena
3- Love at one side and love courtiry traditional mocks

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هذا حل السؤال الأول والله هذا اللي قدرت عليه حاولت اساعدكم ,,


William Shakespeare is a head of his time because he tackles with a many modern techniques in the 16th century which are used later in the 19th century such as (defamiliarization and Victor Shklovsky, violating the unity of time, Using Baroque technique (using many subplots), Metatheatrical technique, gendermandering, Symbolism, expressionism, - Surrealism, - Dadaism, cubism and intertextuality : parody – classical allusion)

The first modern technique is defamiliarization Shakespeare appeals this that is defined by Victor Shklovsky in the 19th century. the Russian Formalism School; school of literary criticism It says that the form in any text is very important because it shows the meaning. A reader receives the meaning from the form of a text. From this school, there was Victor Shklovsky. And there were Roman Jakobson and Victor Shklovsky and others. In the 19th century, Victor Shklovsky comes up with the term defamiliarization and he defines it is If a couple; a husband and a wife, if they get used to each other so much, they started calling each other names swearing because they are very familiar, like cursing each other . for example Shakespeare defamiliarizes the real by replacing England with Athens for the setting of the play. He mentions ‘Athens’ but the characters act and react as English people. They describe the English countryside (forest) with its plants and flowers. The real ‘Athens’ is far from any forests in reality. Similarly, Shakespeare uses few French words in the English conversation like ‘adieu’ which means ‘farewell’ for the sake of defamiliarization as well.
The second element violating the unity of time From the very beginning, William Shakespeare shows us that he is not going to preserve the unity of time for example Theseus tells Hippolyta that they have to wait four whole days until they make their wedding party. This is a proof that there is no unity of time.
The third element that Shakespeare employs the Baroque technique in ‘A Midsummer Night's Dream’. The technique became popular in the 16th century up to the 18th century in Europe. A literary work encompasses various plots each with definite beginning and ending.
This technique appears in the 16th century in Europe (France, Italy and England). I told you before that any literary technique has its origin in painting. The movements always occur in painting and then it moves to literature, architecture and music. In literature there are a many character and too many stories. It is confusing for the audience and for the readers. You can call them plots or subplots or stories. According to this technique, the stories are either separate or interrelated and the actions move in circles.which that there is beginning and ending to the story. For example Theseus loves Hippolyta and at the end they will marry. Hermia loves Lysander and at the end they will marry. Helena loves Demetrius and they will marry at the end. The craftsmen are preparing a play and they will perform the play. Oberon and Titania are quarreling and maybe they will reconcile at the end. So, the action moves in circles and these circles are either separate or interrelated.
The forth element is Metatheatrical technique William Shakespeare employs Metatheater in his play. He makes a group of workers or craftsmen make a play. It is a play-within-a play. Moreover, the characters discuss theatrical affairs. Where is ‘the theatrical affairs’ here? It is when Flue objects and he wants to change his role. He does not want to play the woman/ the female protagonist because he has a growing beard. Quince tells him that it does not matter because he is going to wear a mask. This is reality in the 16th century. So, Quince is discussing theatrical affairs with Flute.
Starveling; the tailor, takes the role of Pyramus’s father. Quince will play the father of Thisbe. Snug will play the lion’s part. He says that he wants to change his role but Quince tells him, you will do nothing, just roaring.
. So, he is guiding them to view the play from a certain angle or to consider some important matters while viewing the play. So, what Bottom is saying is realistic theatrical affair. They are preparing for a classical prologue for the play. What do we call this technical? It is metatheatrical technique. So, we say that Shakespeare has employed metatheatrical technique in this part for two things. 1-“Pyramus and Thisbe” is a play-within-a play.
2-because the characters are discussing theatrical affairs.
The fifth element is called a gendermandering technique which is A woman is chasing a man. It is a reversed situation. It is Courtly love tradition. Courtly love tradition is a tradition that goes back to the Middle-Ages. In southern France, this tradition appears. According to that tradition, a knight chases a married woman. A knight falls in love with a married woman in the court and he keeps begging her to accept his love, but she is always rejecting his love at the beginning and keeps him away. He writes love poetry to her and he humiliates and degrades himself. He stays under her balcony crying and begging and doing everything to show that he has no dignity even she swears/ even she scolds and chides him. He is just happy to hear her voice. So, he keeps on begging and following her until she accepts his life. And later he discovers that she betrays him with another man. This is the courtly love tradition.
In this play, we see the opposite. So, the situation is reversed. And this is the technique of gendermandering. For example when hellena say I will follow you and if you kill me, I will be happy because my lover will be my killer. So, she was not serious when she told him go to hell, I will not keep following you. Then she follows him into the forest. Shakespeare employs the technique of gendermandering in ‘A Midsummer Night's Dream’. It is affiliated with the courtly love tradition, but it highlights a gender role reversed. It is a non-traditional technique (experimental/modern technique).
Helena takes the role of the courtly love who is supposed to be a man. She is chasing Demetrius in the forest, and Demetrius plays the role of the lady who rejects and chides/ scolds. So, the last story is reversed.
Oberon overhears all what happened. He says something.
The sixth element Symbolism At the end of the act, we find Hermia waking up screaming because she has a bad dream. She wakes up and says: where is Lysander? She does not find Lysander; he is gone. And she is left by herself alone. And she talks about her dream. She dreamed that a serpent has eaten her heart away. So, she wakes up and she screams and she goes to Lysander. What is this technique? Whenever you find a dream, you know that it is symbolic. It is the technique of symbolism. So, there is a symbol beyond this dream.
What is the significance of the serpent? The serpent lives in the forest. So, it talks about Hermia situation in the forest. And why the serpent eats the heart in specific? Because the heart stands for her love to Lysander. So, it means that in the forest Hermia is going to lose Lysander. This is the meaning of the symbol. And this technique is called symbolism.
The seventh element expressionism is a movement that appeared early in the 20th century. Shakespeare was ahead of his time. He used it in the 16th century before it has been coined. (It is also an element of grotesquery.) When something is grotesque, this means it is scaring and humorous.
[Expressionistic drama tackles a miserable plot and it is often satirical of society and people. A character in an expressionistic play like Bottom is divested and reduced to a flat shadowy character who says strange and comic things. This abstract character stays in an abstract place. For example, Bottom experienced an absurd dreamlike meaningless unrealistic like when the fairies force him to stay in Titania’s bedroom. It can be said that Shakespeare adopts theriomorphic characterization to satirize Bottom
The 8 element Surrealism Shakespeare employs the Surrealistic technique to incarnate Hermia’s verbal fight with Lysander and Helena. Surrealism is an anti-realistic technique that was coined at the beginning of the 20th century. It’s used in drama to make an oppressed character fight for her freedom against a totalitarian force. The fight is like a nightmare in the play. André Breton (he is a surrealistic leader who announced the manifesto of surrealism at the beginning of the 20th century) says that violence should be confined to the language only and this is what happens in the play. However, the other surrealist leader Antonin Artaud believes that violence be shown in both; language and action. It is worth mentioning that the surrealistic fight is humorous, not painful. Hermia feels she is oppressed by Lysender for forsaking her and by Helena for betraying her and stealing her lover. Lysander tells Hermia that he really hates her but he will not harm her.] for example Lysander is assuring Helena that he loves her and Demetrius is doing the same thing. So, the two men decide to look for a place off stage to fight together/ to fight for Helena’s love. And the winner in the fight will win Helena. They do not say dueling. I imagine that they will fight with the hands. Hermia clings to Demetrius. She tries to hold him back. She wants him to stay with her and not to go fight for Helena. So, he pushes her away and he curses her. He calls her ‘Ethiopian’, ‘serpent’, ‘Tartar’, ‘loathedmedicine’ and ‘hatedpotion’. This is a verbal fight. We neverfind a fight that is more humorous than violence.
The ninth element Dadaism It appeared early in the 20th century. The dadist manifesto was early in the 20th century in France and Italy. They announce that beginning of a movement. William Shakespeare was ahead of his time. He experiments dadism without knowing that it is dadism. All the movements are coined in the modern age. For example Bottom misuses the words, however, he is wise. He makes sense when he talks. What he says about the prologue is really making sense. He is not stupid. Bottom says that there must be a wall with a chink. Bottom thinks how they make the hole. So, he says that a man might wear cast. So, this idea of making a man wear a cast is a dadist technique. There are different features of dadism so when a man is wearing a shape and he stays with that shape from the beginning of the play until the end this call Dadaism.

[never give up]

بنات plz help me اذا في احد كاتب مع منى دراما عن الفيلسوف schopenhauer and Henry اذا ممكن تنزلونه هنا