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[طالب vip]

صباح الخير

بلييييززز محتوى 11 + 12

توني اوصل 11 منتبهة مو موجد المحتوي البلاك بورد مايفتح

[VICTORIOUS]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة طالب vip

صباح الخير

بلييييززز محتوى 11 + 12

توني اوصل 11 منتبهة مو موجد المحتوي البلاك بورد مايفتح

http://www.multiupload.com/4JMF85FIWU

[طالب vip]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة victorious

http://www.multiupload.com/4jmf85fiwu

ثانكس

بتوفيق ان شاء الله +a

[aneen]

المح ـآآضره الساادسهِ

المقدمهٍ
Introduction:
Every human pronounces the same sounds differently . Therefore , there too many ways of saying or pronouncing any simple word.
كل انسانٍ يعلن نفس الاصواتٍ بشكل مختلفٍ لذا هناكٍ ايضا عدة اشكال للاقوال او اعلان كلمة بسيطهٍ


to different situations in which the words are pronounced; when being angry , happy, sad, sick, relaxed, tired..etc.
هذه اختلافاتٍ بسبب حالاتٍ مختلفة التي فيها الكلمات واضحهٍ مرتاح متعب حزين مريض سعيد


Phonology
the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds
وصف لنظام وانماط الاصوات الكلاميه
concerned with the abstract or mental aspect of the sounds
هي مهتمهٍ بالسمه المجرده او العقليهٍ للاصوات

Phonemes
الصوتياتٍ
The smallest meaningless unit or sound in a language
اصغر وحده لامعنى لها في اللغه
مثل: Slash marks
علامة القطعٍ وهذه العلامة تستخدم للاشارة الى صوت وكتابة الفونميز

هناك فونيمان في اللغةالانجليزيهٍ
There are two phonemes in English language /b/ and /p/
pray and bray
fine and vine


Phones and allophones
وحدات الكلام الصغرى و تباينات النطق


Phone: a physically produced speech sound
صوت الكلامٍ المنتجة ماديا

They are the phonetic units that appear in square brackets
فهي وحداتٍ الصوتيه التي تظهر في اقواس مربعه



Allophones: One of a closely related set of speech sounds or phones

تباين النطق: واحدة من مجموعه ترتبطٍ ارتباطا وثيقا من اصوات الكلام والفونز






Minimal pairs and sets.
الازواج والمجموعات الاقل مايمكن

. Minimal Pairs: Two or more words that are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme in the same position in each word
ازواجٍ الاقل مايمكن (او الحد الادنى
اثنان او اكثر من الكلمات التي هي متماثلة في الشكل باستشناء صوت واحد
يعني تكون الحروف متشابهه باختلاف حرف واحد وهو الذي يكون بالبدايه
مثال:

- bad, mad ( b & m )
- cut, but ( c & b )
- lend, send ( l & s )



Minimal Set: When a group of words can be differentiated, each one from others, by changing one phoneme
مجموعة الحد الادني:
مجموعة الكلمات المتباينهٍ من خلال تغير صوت واحد



Minimal Vowel Set ( feat, fit, fat, fought, foot )
مجموعة الحد الادني من حروف العلةٍ


Minimal Consonant Set ( big, pig, rig, fig, dig, wig)
مجموعة الحد الادني من الحروف الساكنه



Phonotactics.
are constraints on the permissible combination of sounds in a language
قيود على المجموعهٍ الجائزه في اللغة
مثال:
Saleem is a very important person . Oh! He is VIP
هناك كلمه VIP تدل على
Phonotactics.




Syllables المقاطعٍ
A syllable is a unit of sound consisting of a vowel or vowel
مقطع لفظي وحدة الصوت تتكون من حرف علة او صوت عله



The basic elements of a syllable
العناصر الاساسيه للمقطع

A. Onset : one or more consonants followed by a rhyme
البدايهٍ: حرف واحد او اكثر وتليه قافيه
B. Rhyme: Consists of a vowel ( nucleus) & any following consonant(s)
قافيه : وتتكون من حرف علة (النواه)و اي حرف ساكن تالي

[#همس#]

براجع معاكم من الأخير

اسئلة المحاضرة 11

1. We went to a restaurant and sat round a table in the corner. The underlined word “ round” is used as a/an _____________________.

A. noun B. verb

C. adverb D. preposition

2. “ A student can master any language through using it directly with its speakers”. “ master” is used as a/an ________________.

A. Adjective B. noun

C. verb D. auxiliary

3. When a language is “_____________”, we mean that most of its words have more than one meaning.

A. connotative B. polysemous

C. Figurative D. Metaphorical

4. “_____________” is one of the facial features that affects the conversational context. ________ .

A. regret B. loyalty

C. cruelty D. generosity

5. The relationship between the two speakers influences the meanings of what they say to each other. This is called “_________________”.

A. Intonation B. Word order

C. Converser’s roles D. Function words

6. “______________” expressions are those that depend on the external environment such as her, this, today,…etc.

A. Pre-conversational B. Deictic

C. Tone D. Facial

7. All of the following are grammatical classifications of languages except “______________”.

A. Inflectional B. Agglutinating

C. Isolating D. Literal

8. “ _________________” languages are the languages that depend on prefixes and suffixes to change meaning.

A. Inflectional B. Agglutinating

C. Isolating D. Literal

9. An example of inflectional languages is “_____________” language.

A. Mongolian B. Turkish

C. Arabic D. Japanese

10. “______________” languages are the languages in which the words have constant forms.

A. Pre-conversational B. Agglutinating

C. Inflectional D. Isolating

[#همس#]

المحاضرة العاشرة

1. The word “ __________” is a positive affective meaning.

A. crime B. loyalty

C. cruelty D. dishonesty

2. The statement “ what is beautiful for you may be ugly for others” explains _.

A. Relative meaning B. Figurative meaning

C. Literal meaning D. Referential meaning

3. We use the word “ smiling” in the phrase “smiling flower” to express:

A. literal meaning B. Referential meaning

C. Dictionary meaning D. Metaphorical meaning

4. __add to the meaning of the sentence by showing inter-sentential relationships.

A. Intonations B. Word orders

C. Function words D. Suffixes

5. All of the following are factors that affect the grammatical meaning of a sentence except_________________.

A. Intonation B. Word order

C. lexical meaning D. Function words

6. “He has five boys and girls” This sentence may imply all the following meaning except “ He has ________________.

A. has five boys only B. three boys and two girls

C. two boys and three girls D. five boys and some girls

7. The _________ meaning is actualized when the word is used in accordance with its semantic features.

A. connotative meaning B. literal meaning

C. Figurative meaning D. Metaphorical meaning

8. The negative affective meanings include stealing, crime and ________ .

A. friendship B. loyalty

C. cruelty D. mercy

[البريئة2]

تصكر علي الكمبيوتر وانا اترجم المحاضرة العاشرة ولا حفظت الشغلانصحكم لا تسوون مثلي واحفظوا شغلكم كلمة كلمة دار دار زنقة >>مطولة

انا اذكر اني مترجمة المحاضرة اول بس مادري وينه حتى في المنتدى ما حصلته غريبة

[#همس#]

المحاضرة التاسعة

1. In semantics, the “____________” is the referred-to element in the triangle of meaning.

A. word B. thing

C. phoneme D. meaning

2. “ Love, friendship, faithfulness, neighborhood” is the semantic field of ___.

A. continuous concretes B. abstracts

C. separate concretes D. tangible materials

3. The relation between the words “ cold and hot” is ______________.

A. synonymy B. exclusion

C. antonymy D. exclusion

4. “ September, October, November, December” is an example of __relation.

A. synonymy B. exclusion

C. antonymy D. exclusion

5. The branch of theoretical linguistics “____________” deals with the meanings of words and sentences.

A. Phonetics B. Semantics

C.Syntax D. Morphology

6. All of the following directions of lines of relationships among the triangle of meaning are possible except: _____________________.

A. thing___meaning___word B. meaning___word___ thing

C. meaning____thing___word D. word____meaning____thing

7. The definition “______________________ “ means that we define the word by pointing to it.

A. Demonstrative definition B. Functional definition

C. Inclusive definition D. Rank definition

8. All of the following are distinct elements of triangle of meaning except__.

A. word B. thing

C. phoneme D. meaning

[رفات انثى]

الحين الاسئله شلون بتجي طريقتها في الامتحان


لو نعرف الطريقه يهون علينا كل شي

[#همس#]

علمنا علمك يا رفات ويمكن تجي مثل الأسئلة اللي حاطها الدكتور

المحاضرة الثامنة

67. One of the following sentences is true. It is ___________.

A. Morphology is made of syntax and grammar

B. Syntax is made of grammar and morphology

C. Grammar is made of syntax and morphology

D. Grammar is made of syntax and semantics

68. The type of psychological classification of the sentence” They are busy” is ___________________.

A. feelings B. information or informative

C. attitude D. opinion

69. The interrogative sentence “ _________________?” expresses manner.

A. Who is your friend B. Where is he from

C. How did Rami do that D. Why was he absent

70. What a clever boy! Is ____________________sentence.

A. a request B. a command

C. an opinion D. an exclamatory

71. The sentence “ Sara was sick” is a/an_____________________ sentence.

A. simple B. compound

C. complex D. opinion

72. The sentence “ Why were they angry? is_________________.

A. an exclamatory sentence B. interrogative and informative

C. An opinion sentence D. informative only

73. “ ______________” is not a type of psychological classification of syntax.

A. Informative sentence B. Interrogative sentence

C. Complex sentence D. Imperative sentence

74. The ___________________sentences don’t exist in English language.

A. nominal B. verbal

C. interrogative

D. informative