[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : ✿⊹⊱ .......مذاكرة جماعية (النحو والصرف) ... الأحـــد 2-3-1437.....⊰⊹✿

[كارزما]

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ولك بمثل ياقلبي




حنا بنجمع المعلومات وبعدين نفصفصها


اختلف السابقون بين التركيب السطحي والعميق للجملة




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#3



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اسئلة اختبار دفعة ترووك والي يقولون ان الجماري جاب منها
رغم انها مو مطايقة لمنهجه




#3

[كارزما]

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شرح للجميلة عيوش


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تنبيهات لفينا


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هذا اكثر شي لفت انتباهي بالتجمع + حلطمت الدفعة

[msyuna]

في المحاضرة الثالثة فقرة الـInternal Change
يوجد نوعين ablaut و umlaut


ablaut : a change of vowel in related words or forms : in sing , sang , sung

umlaut : تغير في صوت العله : goose > geese


هذي تعاريف بسيطة للنوعين غير موجوده في منهجنا لكن للتوضيح






ماشاء الله كارزما من غاب رجع بالغنايم يديكي العافيه يارب

[msyuna]

حل أسئلة الماحضرة الرابعه



1. Morphology is the level of grammar concerned with the ------------
a) Structure of words
b) Stricture of words
c) Status of words
d) Structure of worlds

2. Th. association between most words and their meanings is purely ------------------
a) Controversial
b) Conditional
c) Central
d) Conventional



من كتاب هنا

3. 3. We can have ---------- for a single TYPE
a) Only one TOKEN
b) Two TOKENS
c) More than one TOKEN
d) Three TOKENS

توكينز؟ ايش التوكينز ؟ التوكينز رموز

السوال الثالث يتكلم عن االشتقاق يعني من كلمه نطلع كلمه اخرى جديده الخيار االول A هو االجابه الصحيحه ليه النه يقولك بالخيار تغيير الكالس الفئه مثال منفعل الى اسم واحنا شرحنا من اول انه االشتقاق يغير معنى الجمله اذا ارتبط ب الحق السيفكس والبريفكس اذا يكون كلمه جديده لذلك الخيار الثاني غلط النه من PASTالى Present ليه غلط النه مايغير معنى الكلمه ويعطيني شي جديد مثل WORK WORKED ماغير شي باضافه ed يعتبر تصريف وليس اشتقاق

هذا من شرح المعيده
ملاحظه : اكتشفت انها معتبره السؤال الرابع هو الثالث اذا هذا الشرح ماله علاقه بالسؤال


بمجرد ما حركت الفاره لفوق في الكتاب السابق لقيت الكلمة نفسها في الكتاب

2.2 Words as types and words as tokens
How many words are there in the following sentence?
(1) Mary goes to Edinburgh next week, and she intends going to
Washington next month.
If we take as a guide the English spelling convention of placing a space
between each word, the answer seems clearly to be fourteen. But there is
also a sense in which there are fewer than fourteen words in the sentence,
because two of them (the words to and next) are repeated. In this sense,
the third word is the same as the eleventh, and the fifth word is the same
as the thirteenth, so there are only twelve words in the sentence. Let us
say that the third and the eleventh word of the sentence at (1) are distinct
WORDS, SENTENCES AND DICTIONARIES 5
tokens of a single type, and likewise the fifth and thirteenth word. (In
much the same way, one can say that two performances of the same tune,
or two copies of the same book, are distinct tokens of one type.)
The type–token distinction is relevant to the notion ‘word’ in this way.
Sentences (spoken or written) may be said to be composed of word tokens,
but it is clearly not word-tokens that are listed in dictionaries. It
would be absurd to suggest that each occurrence of the word next in (1)
merits a separate dictionary entry. Words as listed in dictionaries entries
are, at one level, types, not tokens – even though, at another level, one
may talk of distinct tokens of the same dictionary entry, inasmuch as the
entry for month in one copy of the Concise Oxford Dictionary is a different
token from the entry for month in another copy.
Is it enough, then, to say that characterisation 2. (words as buildingblocks)
relates to word-tokens and characterisation 1. (words as meaningful
units) relates to word-types? Again, if that were all there was to it,
this book could be quite short. The term word would be ambiguous
between a ‘type’ interpretation and a ‘token’ interpretation; but the
ambiguity would be just the same as is exhibited by many other terms
not specifically related to language, such as tune: a tune I heard this
morning may be ‘the same’ as one I heard yesterday (i.e. they may be
instances of the same type), but the two tokens that I have heard of it are
distinct. However, the relationship between words as building-blocks
and as meaningful units is not so simple as that, as we shall see. So, while
it is important to be alert to type–token ambiguity when talking about
words, recognising this sort of ambiguity is by no means all there is to
sorting out how characteristics 1. and 2. diverge.

بعد قرءآه هذا الكلام كله الي مني متأكده انه فهمته بشكل كامل اعتقد اني اختار c كاجابه
c) More than one TOKEN

أو باختصار من ويكي

every type is embodied by many tokens

ولكن عذراً يا دكتور ما في فقره في ملزمتنا اسمها توكينز

[msyuna]

4. When we derive one word from another, we -----------------
a) Change its class, for example, from Verb to Noun
b) Change its tense, for example , from Past to Present
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above


5. Roots are --------------------
a) NOT always free
b) Always free
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above


6. A compound is a word that contains -------------------
a) One prefix and one word
b) One suffix and one word
c) Two root morphemes and one word
d) Two free standing forms


7. ------------ is a morpheme that makes the most significant contribution to a word’s meaning.
a) The phoneme
b) The derivational morpheme
c) The inflectional morpheme
d) The root

8. --------------- is some kind of resemblance between the sound of a word and what it denotes/means.
a) idiom
b) Proverbs
c) Onomatopoeia من برا المنهج
d) None of the above


9. Suppletion occurs when a word is represented by two or more --------------- roots.
a) Different
b) Similar
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above


10. Choose the group of words that result from derivation
a) Cry, cries, cried, crying
b) Tooth, teeth
c) kind, unkind, kindness, kindly
d) None of the above


 EXERCISE 1: Divide the following words Into morphemes

a) research : re/search
b) butterfly : butter/fly
c) holiday : holy/day
d) morpheme : morpheme
e) phonology : phono/logy


 EXERCISE 2: Some words in (2) contain suffixes. Identify the suffixes by circling them.

a) happiness
b) freedom
c) flowers
d) brother
e) blackboard

[msyuna]

 EXERCISE 2: Some words in (2) contain suffixes. Identify the suffixes by circling them.

a) happiness : ness
b) freedom : dom
c) flowers : s
d) brother : ter
- : e) blackboard

 EXERCISE 3: Some words in (3) contain prefixes. Identify the prefixes by circling them.


a) unable : un
b) discourage : dis
- : c) establish
d) receive : re
- : e) strawberry

 EXERCISES 5: (i) Identify the root in the words below by underlining it;
(ii) Stare the syntactic category it belongs to.


a) lamps : lamp
b) kindness L kind
c) hinted : hint
d) payers : pray
e) grandfathers : father

EXERCISE 4: For each word below, indicate whether the word is morphologically simple (S) or complex (C) , includes an inflectional affix (IA), or includes a derivational affix (DA) by circling
the relevant answer


S Simple, C  Complex, IA  Infi. Affix, DA  Deriv. Aff.


a) rider : C/DA
b) colder : C/IA
c) silver : S
d) lens : S
e) legs : C/IA

[msyuna]

* ملاحظة سؤال tokens خبرتني الجميلة دورمي ان الدكتور حذفه في المحاضره

[كارزما]

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المادة ذي مدري كيف
تحسها سسسسسسسسسسسسسسسهلة وبنفس الوقت لكيعة
وذا نوع المواد الي بعد ما تطلع من القاعة تحس انك صرت فلته فيهاومعلم
بس وش عقبه


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المهم هنا أسئلة دفعة تروك ويونا حطتها باول صفحة


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هنا بعض الأسئلة الي افتكروها السمستر الي راح


#2


+


#3

[msyuna]

بعد ماوصلت المحاضره الثامنه قررت اني اخلص الماده قرآءه واتفاهم معاها بعدين واحط وقتي في شي يسوى

[Magek]

مشاءالله عليكم ي بنات عطوني نظامكم للمذاكره وكم تخصصون ساعه باليوم





ابي اصير دافوره لو بماد