[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : ✿⊹⊱ ....مذاكره جماعية ( اللغويات التطبيقية) ... الثلاثاء 4-3-1437 هــ ....⊰⊹✿

[كارزما]

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second language education, when someone studies their society’s majority or official language their home language

تعلم اللغة الثانية, يكون في بلد آخر .. أي البلد الأصلي للغة

مثال: مَن يسافر مِن السعودية لأمريكا أو بريطانيا لتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية

"

foreign language education, when someone studies the language of another country

تعلم اللغة الأجنبية, أي تعلم لغة أخرى في غير بيئتها الأصلية

مثال: نحن كطلاب نتحدث العربية و لكننا نتعلم الإنجليزية في بلد لا يتحدث الإنجليزية


الأسئلة مترجمة

هنا ()

مراجعة مع صفا

Applied linguistics:

Is the academic discipline concerned with the relation of

knowledge

about language to decision-making in the real world
اللغويات التطبيقية :هو فرع من المعرفه الاكاديميه المهتم بعلاقة المعرفه حول اللغة لاتخاذ القرار في العالم الحقيقي

linguistics

is the academic discipline concerned with the

study of language

in general
it is bound to represent an abstract idealization of language rather than the way it is
experienced in the real world علم اللغه : هو فرع من المعرفه الاكاديميه المهتم بدراسة اللغه بشكل عام فهو يتجه لشرح فكرة
نظرية مجرده بخلاف طرق الخبراء اللغه في العالم الحالي

التعريفين ذولا مره يتشابهون الفرق بينهم جدا ببسيط

[كارزما]

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Attestedness is
فعل الشيء
فيه مثال
chips and fish
جملة ممكنة و مفهومه و سهله ولكن الناس اعتادو على جملة
fish and chips
زي كلمة خميس وجمعه متعودين نقولهم كذا
عكس كلمة جمعه وخميس مو متعودين نقولهم بذا الترتيب


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المحاضرة الاولى :

اقتباس:
E- lexicography is the planning and compiling of both monolingual and bilingual dictionary and other language reference works such as thesauri

monolingual = one language
English - English dictionary

bilingual = English - Arabic dictionary

28. An example of 'decision making in the real world' and
'language, information and effect' is :
a. Additional language education.
b. Language testing.
c. Workplace communication.
d. Critical discourse analysis.

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في المرفقات خارطة توضح الإجابة

[كارزما]

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Criterion-referenced tests determine what test takers can do and what they know, ------------- to others

الجواب not how they compare
الاختبار ذو معيار محدد ليس لعمل مقارنه مع الطلاب

The Modern Language Aptitude Test called a
MLAT

----------------------------------------------------

The Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery called a
PLAB

---------------------------------------
One of the examples of Placement tests is the English as a Second Language
Placement Test(***** ) at San Francisco State University.
ESLPT

من محاضره سبعه .وهي مهم فيها معلومات قد شعر راسي





Generative linguistics

Introduced by ............

x

Noam Chomsky

in

Noam Chomsky view , the proper subject matter of linguistics should be ............... x

competence
rather than the way in which people actually use language in everyday life which called :x
performance






رد لفيينا مع مرفق هنا ()

[كارزما]

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اهم الفروقات في المحاضره ١٣ ع السريع ركزوو عليها+سماع المحاضره وبيكون عندكم خلفيه عن هالعله وش قصتها
١- cognitive (المعرفه): تركز على اعتماد المتعلم على نفسه
٢-social(الاجتماعيه):تركز على التفاعل والتعاون
***
- مفهوم فيوجتسكي في الـzpd يختلف مع بيجيه
-بيجيه يقول لازم يكون لدينا مراحل للتطور ويشترط الامكانيه والقابليه للتعلم.
-فيوجوسكي يقول لازم نتعلم اللغه كامله مانقسمها.(unity of learning)

***
-بالنسبه لـbehaviorist position الطفل يأتي للعالم بسجل نظيف tabula rasa بدون معلومات سابقه عن العالم واللغه ويبدا التكيف مع البيئه حواليه ببطء.
-الـ constructivist extreme:
الطفل يأتي للعالم مع سابق معرفه (فطريه) ثم يبدأ العمل على اللغه اساسياً من خلال التفاعل والحوار.
***
- الـ Competence (الكفاءه) :
المعرفه الاساسيه للأحداث والحقيقه / شي لايمكن ملاحظته.
بالنسبه للغه فهو معرفه أسايات اللغه وكل جزء من اللغه وتناسبها مع بعضها البعض (القواعد والمفردات)
- الـ Performance (الأداء)
يمكن ملاحظته / شيئ ملموس مثل المشي والكلام والرقص!!
بالنسبه للغه:١- آداء فعلي (الكتابه والكلام)
٢-فهم (الاستماع والتحدث)
وبسس

في المحاضرة السادسه

In order to give a systematic description of context, ------- has drawn upon, and also developed.

applied linguistics

ركزوووووا



CAH claimed that

the principal barrier

to second language acquisition is the -----e تداخل ---- interference --- of the first language system with the second language system, and that a scientific, structural analysis of the two languages in question would yield a taxonomy of linguistic contrasts between them which in turn would enable linguists and language teachers

to predict the difficulties

a learner would encounter.





If we have a person and we will to test him for a global competence in a
language

we will deal with
1Placement Test
2Diagnostic Test
3Proficiency Test
ا الاجابة الصحيحه للسؤال التجريبي هي الثالثه
--------سؤال تجريبي اخر
It tests overall ability regardless of any training they previously had in the language

1Placement Test
2Diagnostic Test
3Proficiency Test

-------------------------------------------------

kind of test will typically offer more detailed subcategorized information on the learner
taht is
----
Placement Test
2Diagnostic Test
3Proficiency Test

.....the deployment of linguistic evidence in

criminal

and other legal investigations, for example to

establish the authorship

of the document, or

profile of a speaker

from a tape-recording

forensic linguistics







رد لفيينا

عندي شي مهم حبيت انبه عليكم فيه وجدا مهم راح يجي بالاختبار لكن ممكن بصيغه ثانية

الخارطه اللي بالمرفقات

فيها جوانب اللغويات التطبيقة

اللغه والتعليم. ولها اربع. فروع شوفوها

لغة العمل والقانون لها ثلاث فروع

تأثير اللغه والمعلومات لها خمس. ، فروع ى شوفو الخارطه


طبعا هذا الجوانب والفروع لها تعاريف بس ماجابها كتعريف جاب على شكل صيغه ثانية

الاسئله عليها كالتالي


هذا السوال. جاء بأسئلة الاعوام

وهو السوال 42.

السوال يقول



An expample of ,, decinison making in the real world , and

"language education

الخيارات
هي

Language testing

Language planning
Critical linguistic


طبعا الاجابه الصحيحه : هي الاولى اختبار اللغه لانو اختبار اللغه فرع من جانب اللغه والتعليم. ، شوفو الخارطه وتأكدو



السوال بيجي بطريقه ثانية

وجاء هالسوال بالاسئله
سوال 47

السؤال نفسه ب غير بالاخير من اللغه والتعليم الى تأثير اللغه والمعلومات

An expample of ,, decinison making in the real world ,and language .

Information and effec

t

الخيارات

Language planning
Forensic linguistic

Translation and interpretation

طبعا الاجابه هي الثالثة. لانو الترجمه والتفسير فرع من احد جوانب تأثير اللغه والمعلومات


يعني مجرد ماتشوفون نهـايه السؤال. اعرفو اي خيار صحيح يتبع اي جانب من جوانب اللغويات التطبيقيه واختارو الاجابه الصحيحه


شوفو الخارطه الذهنيه بتفيدكم باذن الله

[كارزما]

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.

what are the three different schools of thought ?

Structural Linguistics and Behavioral Psychology

Generative Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology

Constructivism

An expample of ,, decinison making in the real world , and Language and education
[/COLOR]
clinical linguistics
workplace communication
forensic linguistics
------------------------------------------
forensic linguistics
belong to
language, work, and law
1)Language and education
language, information, and effect
------------------------------------
information design belong to

language, work, and law
Language and education
language, information, and effect[/COLOR]

sociolinguistics:
the focus is much upon the relation between language and society

the focus is very much upon the relation between language and society

the focus is very less upon the relation between language and society
----------------------------------------
vast databanks containing millions of words of actual language in use can be searched within seconds to yield extensive information about word frequencies and combinations which is not revealed by intuition

sociolinguistics:

corpus linguistics

language planning: is the making of decisions, often supported by legislation, about the official status of languages and their institutional use, including their use in education.

انتبهو متقااااربه جدا

a- literary stylistics:is the study of the relationship between linguistic choices and effects on literature.

b- Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): is the study of the relationship between linguistic choices and effects in persuasive uses of language.






Linguistics=abstract idealization

applied linguistics=real world

cognative version of constructivism

, emphasis is placed on the importance of learners constructing their own representation of reality.

Social constructivism

emphasizes the importance of social interaction and cooperative learning in constructing both cognitive and emotional images of reality.

The champion of social constructivism is

Vygotsky

native speaker (personal history):

considered to be people who
acquired the language naturally and effortlessly in
childhood.
.

native speaker (expertise):

seen as people who use the
language, or a variety of it, correctly, and have insight
into what is or is not acceptable.
.
native speaker (knkowledge & loyalty):

assumed, entails
knowledge of, and loyalty to, a community which uses
the language.

macro level:
English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
(English for Occupational Purposes (EOP))
English for Academic Purposes (EAP)).

micro level :

Task-Based Instruction (TBI)

sociolinguist Dell Hymesoffered communicative competence

It raises awareness, not only of the importance of exact wording but of how there
is---- more at stake in the use of language than the literal meaning of the words

far

----------------------------------

3) Stylistic analyses tend to highlight-----------related aspects of literary language

three

السلام عليكم
فيه اسئلة قالها الدكتور في المباشرة او في الحاضرات المسجلة
مسجلتها في النوته تبع المادة ....
حبيت اشاركم فيها : معنى اللغويات التطبيقية Applied linguistics:
Is the academic discipline concerned with the relation of knowledge about language to decision- making in the real world
....................................
عرف lexicographer
E- lexicography is the planning and compiling of both monolingual and bilingual dictionary and other language reference works such as thesauri
......................
كيف اثر ازدهار اللغة الانجليزية على اللغات الأخرى ؟
wth of English
400 million or so first-language speakers and over a billion where it is the official language (education business)
the role of other international languages such as French or Russian had diminished drastically
French is no longer the international language of air traffic control, or dominant in Diplomacy
German and Russian are no longer internationally necessary for scientific study. actually
the influence of English can be seen in films ,television programs ,
advertisements , and the internet the teaching and learning of English has generated tremendous personal ,political ,academic ,and commercial interests

..................
.The spread of English has generated intense interest in the study of language pedagogy and of second-language acquisition (SLA)

..............
والفرق بين التصوير والتوجيه
description versus prescription
linguistics favour description (saying what does happen) over prescription (saying wh

What is needed for successful communication,
Hymes suggested,is four types of knowledge:
possibility,
feasibility
appropriateness,
and attestedness

[كارزما]

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linguistics favour description

(saying what does happen)

over prescription

(saying what ought to happen)





linguistics concern is knowledge as an end in itself

rather than with action

based upon that knowledge
علم اللغويات مهتم بالمعرفه والادراك ك هدف في حد ذاته بدل العمل المرتكز على تلك المعرفه

3 دراسات تسهم في تحليل المحادثات

discourse analysis:


paralanguage, pragmatics, and genre studies.

سؤال مهم جاء بالواجبات

Thos are people who use the monitor when it is appropriate and wh

en it dose not interferes with communication

?

الجواب
من بين الخيارات
Monitor potimal -users





طبعا تقدون تعكسون السؤال للاحتياط




سؤال جاء بالاسئله العام

Monitor over-users

are :

Who attempt to monitor all time




طبعا تقدرون تعكسون السؤال علشان لو جاء خيارات

genre=John Swales

the role of other international languages such as French or Russian had diminished

drastically

French is no longer the international language of air traffic control, or dominant in

Diplomacy

German and Russian are no longer internationally necessary

for scientific study.

actually

the influence of English

can be seen in films ,television programs





What it means to be a native speaker? ماذا يقصد با المتكلم الاصلي
Firstly, there's the question of personal history اولا هو موضوع مرتبط بتاريخ الشخص
Native speakers and are considered to be people who acquired the language naturally and effortlessly in childhood
المتكلم الاصلي يعتبر من الناس الذين اكتسبو لغتهم بشكل طبيعي من صغرهم وبدون أي جهد
Secondly, there is a question of expertise ثانيا هو موضوع خبره
Native speakers are seen as people who use the language, or variety of it, correctly, and have insight into what is or is not acceptable
وينظر الى المتحدث الاصلي من الناس الذين يستخدمون اللغة او نوع منها بشكل صحيح ويملكون الانتباه لماهو مقبول او غير
مقبول)يقصد خبرته في اتخاذ ماهو صحيح والغير صحيح والمقبول والغير مقبول (
Thirdly, there's a question of knowledge and loyalty. ثالثا موضوع المعرفه والإخلاص

there are some aspects of language proficiency that this traditional definition of the native speaker does not include


Firstly, it says nothing about proficient see in writing , but only about proficiency in speech
اولا هو لم يقول أي شيئ عن براعة في الكتابه ولكن فقط البراعه في الحديث
----------
Secondly, the native speakers knowledge of the language is implicit rather than
explicit . (using the rules correctly without being able to explain them).
ثانيا المتكلم الاصلي يكون مضمون كلامه مفهوم بدلا من الشرح
)لاستخدامه القواعد بشكل صحيح بدون شرحها (
يقصد يكون واضح على المتكلم الاصلي انه فاهم اللغه واستخدامه للقواعد بطريقة صحيحه
---------------------------------
Lastly, traditional native speakerness implies nothing about size of vocabulary, range of style, or ability to communicate across diverse communities

The spread

of English has generated intense interest in the study

of language pedagogy and of second-language acquisition (SLA).

انتشار اللغة الانجليزية ولدت اهتمام كبير في دراسه اصول اللغه واكتساب لغة ثانيه

Proficiency Test= TOEFEL
Diagnostic Test=CHECKLIST FEATURE

placement test=ESLPT
Achievement tests=summative

aptitude test=MLAT+PLAB





The analysis of such language and its effects is known as critical linguistics

Before designing a test and then giving it to a group of students, there are a number of things we need to do:
كتابة الاختبارواعطائه لمجموعه من الطلاب هناك يوجد عدد من الامور تحتاج القيام بها

1- Assess the test situation: تقيم حالة الاختبار

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, names often associated with contructivism.

One is passivization, the favoring of passive constructions over active ones,
for example,

‘Five children were killed in the air attack’ not ‘The pilots killed five children’.

two branches of constructivism:
cognitive and social

Native Speakers = Naturally and Effortlessly

[كارزما]

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.


..


cognitive constructivism

• emphasis
  is placed on the importance of learners constructing their own
  representation of reality.

Social constructivism

• emphasizes the importance of social interaction and
  cooperative learning in constructing both cognitive and emotional images
  of reality.

..


Language is essentially human, although possibly not limited to humans




The champion of social constructivism is Vygotsky

most popular concepts advanced by Vygotsky was the
notion of a zone of proximal development (ZPD)

..






Native Speakers = Proficiency in Speech







Both the structural linguist and the behavioral psychologist were interested in description






..


Vygotsky
saw a unity of learning and
development


Piaget
saw stages of development setting a
preconditon, or readiness, for learning


..





Native Speakers = implicit rather than explicit

[كارزما]

..


..

Stockwell, Bowen, and Martin
who posited what they called a hierarchy of difficulty by which a
teacher or linguist could make a prediction of the relative difficulty of a
given aspect of the target language.


..




..


Vigil and Oller
provided a formal account of fossilization as a
factor of positive and negative affective and cognitive feedback.


..

نطاق التطوير النسبي


zone of proximal development (ZPD

advanced by Vygotsky

First Language Acquisition

behaviorist position would claim that children come into the world with a
tabula rasa,

تبوله على راسه هههههه

Tabula rasa = "

blank slate

" in English

The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)

فرضية التحليل التبايني
CAH claimed that the principal barrier to second language acquisition is the interference of the first language system with the second language system,

clinical linguistics

is the study and treatment of speech and communication impairments, whether

Fossilization is a normal and natural stage for many learners,
and should not be viewed as some sort of terminal illness

Vigil and Oller=fossilization

workplace communication

is the study of how language is used in the

workplace, and how it contributes to the nature and power relations of

different types of work.




language planning

is the making of

decisions, often supported by legislation, about the official status of languages and their institutional use,

including their use in education.

Affective information
is primarily encoded in terms of kinesic mechanisms
such as gestures, tone of voice, and facial expressions,
..
while cognitive information is usually conveyed by means of linguistic devices
(sounds, phrases, structures, discourse).

Elicitation=self-correct

Applied linguistics = with the relation of knowledge

linguistics = with the study of language

كويز لاختبار السمستر الي راح طبعا لنفس الدكتور السقوفي
شكرا دوريمي ي حبيبة ألبي أنا
من هنا ()

[الغالييييية]

الله يعطيكم العافيه ابغى حل الواجبات لهالماده

[Doremi]

رفع للي بيبدون مذاكرة .. لقيته بالصفحه 1000