[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : تجمع علم اللغة الاجتماعي | الاخـتبار :السبت | | الفتره الأولى| 2- 4 -1438هـ | ‏

[كارزما]

Jhon Rae links standared English to economic survival and
success
جون ري ربط احياء الوضع الاقتصادي بالانجليزيه القياسيه
شي اكيد ان اصحاب البيزنس والناجحين مايتكلمون الانجليزيه العاميه والملخبطه
عندهم العاميه لغة الفقراء والغير متعلمين
برضو جون ري قال Jhon Rea
no thing more effectively condemns an indivdual to class or ethic ghetto than an inability to communicate clearly and logically in English
لا شي أكثر فعالية يدين للفرد العرُق ,والفصل أكثر من عدم قدرته على التواصل بوضوح ومنطقية في اللغة الانجليزية

.
.
المحاضرة 10


في كلمات مقبولة acceptable في ال Standard English
منها (لدورة المياه)
WC - Lavatory - toilet
ومنها غير مقبولة non-standered
bog - liv - privy - Dunny - john

[كارزما]

.


أهم النقاط في المحاضرة 11

Identity is something which we are constantly building and negotiating through our interaction with others

How can language indicate identity؟
here you grew up, where you went to school and how wealthy (or not) your family were will to be displayed through the variety of the language that you speak.

The most obvious difference in the way people speak is in their
Accent (pronunciation).
Dialect (grammatical structure)
Social class
Education.

Speakers tend to use their linguistic identity for the different reasons
1- to disguise their membership of a particular social or regional group.
2- to distance themselves from a particular social or regional group.
3- to move closer to another group they want to belong to.

Names can cause problems, particularly if they don’t fit in with the conventions of a community.

Children’s playground practice of ‘calling someone names’ is a powerful resource for a dominant group to enforce their dominance and marginalise others

The way that people use your name in a certain context helps to establish your identity within that context.

The way that other speakers refer to you can depend on
a. the degree of formality.
b. the degree of intimacy
c. your relative status of all the participants involved in the interaction

The way address terms are used can have important implications on the
participants.

[كارزما]

.
.


أهم النقاط في المحاضرة 12


Representation is how the speaker chooses to refer to something or someone by categorizing them as belonging to a social group.

Labels of identity are imposed by people who may be in a more powerful position

People who impose labels of identity may use the labels to make a kind of social judgment

We do not always control the categories people use to define our identity

Determining one’s social identity is also bound up with how others perceive us.

Our status within a social group can be constructed through language use

Ingroup is a social group to which the speaker belongs.

outgroup comprises people who do not belong to that group.

style-shifting people do not always talk in the same way. They can shift their speech styles and this can involve using different words, pronunciations or even grammatical forms

Audience design refers to notion that speakers will take into account whom they are addressing and alter their speech style accordingly

Linguistic convergence is a process in which speakers to that of their hearerhttp://www.vb.eqla3.com/images2/editor/color.gif

Linguistic maintenance is a process in which speakers may choose not to converge, but instead to maintain their own variety.

Linguistic divergence is a process in which speakers choose to move away from the Linguistic norms of their hearer in order to emphasise the difference between themselves and the person or people they are talking to.

Loss of a language can also be associated with a loss of cultural identity.

Languages can be lost for a variety of reasons
speakers may choose to shift from one language to another as social conditions change
One language may be imposed and another suppressed by a dominant power.

The dialect known as standard English has special status.
a. It is the dialect of institutions such as government and the law;
b. It is the dialect of literacy and education.
c. It is the dialect taught as ‘English’ to foreign learners.
d. It is the dialect of the higher social classes. It is therefore the prestige form of English.

Examples of non-standard English


- multiple negation:I didn’t know nothing
- the use of ‘ain’t: I ain’t got none,

Characteristics of Standard English
a. Standard English is related to dialects, not accents.
b. Standard English is difficult to isolate and put linguistic boundaries around.
c. Standard English is the dialect of the middle and upper classes
d. Forms of Standard English are socially prestigious.

Codification of Standard English is a process where scholars analyse and record the vocabulary and grammatical patterns of a language

For English, much of this codification took place in the eighteenth century

grammatical patterns that were written down in dictionaries and grammar books then became ‘rules

[كارزما]

.


النقاط الأساسية في المحاضره 13

It is difficult to give an exact linguistic definition of Standard English because language varies in its use

why do People use different styles of spoken language?
depending on the situations they find themselves in

what are these situations ?
status
age
intimacy
what you are talking about

The style of language you use depends on the formality of the context and the amount of planning that is involved.

what are the two claims made for standard English?

Standard English is correct
Standard English is ‘logical’ or systematic and rule-governed

Linguists argue against these claims

The motivation for making children speak standard English in school is explicitly given as the need to communicate effectively

why was the Better English Campaign launched ?
to improve standards of spoken English around the country.

African American Vernacular English (AAVE

Standard English is seen as the appropriate dialect in the job market.

There is a close relation between the language we speak and our social standards


In Britain, although many languages are in daily use, only English has official recognition

For the English especially, multilingualism is viewed with suspicion and as a threat to national unity

The promotion of English, both in Britain and in the United States, leads to the marginalization of the other languages which exist there

Minority languages and their speakers may be seen as divisive, even dangerous, and a threat to political, social or economic stability.

People, usually high class, show negative attitudes toward non-standard varieties of English in Britain,

[كارزما]

.
.

المحاضره 14 أهم النقاط


country bumpkin
1) from a rural area
2)behaves in a manner that lacks sophistication

lack on intelligence is associated with women with southern accents

Birmingham accent=criminality
Scottish accents=sexual attractiveness
Spanish-accent =criminal stereotypes,
Mexican Americans=violent, drug-pushers, gang-members, pimps
New York accent (Noo Yawkese’)=less trustworthy

Matched guise experiment
method of investigating people’s attitudes to different languages

[كارزما]

.






Power is The ability of its holders to force compliance or obedience of other people to their will.
فرقوا بينهم
Parole: is the actual use of language in both speech and writing

.
.

Phonemes: the sounds of our language

Lexical items: the words of our language

[كارزما]

.




Miss للمرأه الغير متزوجه
Mrs للمرأه المتزوجه
Ms لا تعطي اي معلومه شخصيه ولكن لها 3 مفاهيم مرتبطه بها :

انها تكون مطلقه
انها تكون Feminist : ناشطه في مجال حقوق النساء
انها تتبني مفاهيم او اراء سياسيه معينه
.
.

x In the United States, negative and criminal stereotypes are associated with Spanish-accented speakers

x The word Black was often linked in the British media with negative signs such as hate, fight, riot

[msteamo]

جزااك الله الف خيرااا ❤❤❤

[كارزما]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة كارزما

.
.

تابعت المحاضرات سلسة وسريعة لين آخر خمسة تسير ابو 32 دقيقة
هالرد بيكون للكويزات

علم اللغة الاجتماعي

هذا اقتباس لنهرالعطا بخصوص الأسئلة:

اقتباس:
[ اسئلة اختبارات ] لم اجد لها تصوير والكل اجمع انه كرر الاسئلة وخاصة لعام 1434 - 1435 الي مكونه من 70 سؤالهنا لقيت الاسئلة ابو 70 سؤال الاجمالي الدكتور كررها لعام 1437 الفصل الاول

جبت لكم الكويز الخاص بالأسئلة الي قالتها نهر.. مقسم على 3 أقسام :

=1=

=2=

=3=

.
.


http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t712800.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t674132.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t669531.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t669535.html

.
.

https://vb.ckfu.org/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11697

+

كويزااااات

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t718079.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t717800.html

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t717804.html

Save

[كارزما]

المحاضره 14 أهم النقاط
country bumpkin
1) from a rural area
2)behaves in a manner that lacks sophistication

lack on intelligence is associated with women with southern accents

Birmingham accent=criminality
Scottish accents=sexual attractiveness
Spanish-accent =criminal stereotypes,
Mexican Americans=violent, drug-pushers, gang-members, pimps
New York accent (Noo Yawkese’)=less trustworthy

Matched guise experiment
method of investigating people’s attitudes to different languages