هنا اجتماع للنقاش نظرية الــــــــــــترجمه

[رضا20006]

1. Linguistic problems are caused by inherent ambiguities of natural languages and by the lexical and structural or grammatical mismatch between different languages.

1. Extra-linguistic problems are more difficult than that of linguistic problems because they are harder to codify

[رضا20006]

Most popular MT systems of today

q Special purpose system where post-editing is indispensable if the MT output is intended for dissemination. It is used in technical language.

q Online Translation systems like Google

[رضا20006]

1. The………aimed at a group receivers who are not the same as the original sender .
· communicator
· translator
انبهو على جروب تكون ل translator

q The TM database consists of a source text and target text segment pairs which form so-called translation units (TUs). =source text and target text

[رضا20006]

CAT Tools

1. General purpose applications : word-processors(), etc.

Translation-oriented tools such as multilingual electronic dictionaries, corpus

[l0l0]

Main Characteristics of a Theory.
Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria:
1 . -------Empiricism >> It must be testable.
2 . --Determinism >> It must be able to predict
3 . -----------------Parsimony >> It must be simple
4 . ----------Generality >> It must be comprehensive

[رضا20006]

a conference interpreter is one whose office it is to translate orally the speech of participants in meetings conducted in two or more languages. His office may be performed simultaneously or consecutively, in the participants presence
التعرفي والاقسام مهم باقي الوسبر ما ذكره في التعريف هو قسم

[رضا20006]

Etilnia Arjona (Gerver 1977) defines interpretation as “the oral translation of a message across a cultural and linguistic barrier”.

lthough interpretation or interpreting is undoubtedly a very old activity.
Translators’ tools and aid

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] Linguistic aids:

This involves the use of mono-lingual dictionaries such as (Collins English Dictionary)

and bilingual dictionaries such as (Al-Mawrid ). Glossaries, which

differ from dictionaries in that they contain a selection of words in a language given

within a very restricted field only, can also be helpful to translators.

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] Literature aids:

This involves books, translated texts and technical encyclopaedias which have something in common with the subject-matter the translator is working with.

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] Mechanical aids:

This involves the use of type-writers,

[حياتي امواج]

بروب راحه تايم

[رضا20006]

Glossaries, which

differ from dictionaries in that they contain a selection of words in a language given
within a very restricted field only

[nouf.7]

صباحكم خير
ياربيي عالملخص اللي عندي اكتشفت ان المحاضرة السابعه مو موجودة
واللي ينزل مراجعات ابيها pdf ماعندي الا الايباد ليش كلها وورد حرام عليكم
فيه طالب نزل ملخص مسز انجلش pdf نسيت نكه الله يوفقك ويفتحها بوشك انقذتني
الله ييسر مادة تجيب الهم