[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : تجمع مذاكرة مادة نظرية الترجمة

[gold girl]

نفس سؤالك من المحاضره الثامنه ,,,,

Translation during …………………………rule in Egypt took the form of an independent movement and thrived.

a- Anwar Sadat’s

b- Hosni Mubarak’s
c- Muhammad Ali’s

d- None of them

[AL-Maram]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة سجدة ظلام

…………..involves formal memory ذاكرة رسمية
1-translation
2-interpreting


. …………...involves semantic memory ذاكرة دلالية
1-translation
2-interpreting


احس بيجي هالسوال

هلشي بلذات اللي ماقدرت أفهمه

ممكن حد يوضح واكون شاكره

[gold girl]

Translation took the form of an independent movement & thrived as Mohd Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization

أخذت الترجمة على شكل حركة مستقلة وازدهرت مثل محمد علي كان مهتما جدا في

التعلم عن الحضارة الأوروبية

[ѕυℓтαη]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة gold girl

Translation took the form of an independent movement & thrived as Mohd Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization

أخذت الترجمة على شكل حركة مستقلة وازدهرت مثل محمد علي كان مهتما جدا في

التعلم عن الحضارة الأوروبية

بدينا بالخربطه ،،
يعطيك العافية

[مدام الفهد]

وهذا بعض الأسئلة اللي اذكرها جاتنا في الامتحان

1- the meaning of translation in English dictionary
2- the communication model is a translation model
3-سؤال عن translator knowledge المحاضرة 2
4 - what are the primary characteristic of a good translator
5-the definition of model

الجواب : realization of the theor
6- the theory exist in the mind
7- اسئلة على main characteristic of a theory
8-سؤال لااذكر صيغتها لكن كانت شبيه بـ how the langauge of translation obtained
والاجابة هي it's abstraction obtained via the study of translated text
9 -the difintion of communicative translation كان االاجابة reder the exact contextual meaning of the original
10 - سؤال عن انشاء دار الحكمة في عهد المأمون
11- سؤال عن الـ translation method for Yuhanna bin batriq and Hunayn bin Ishaq
12- the woks held in Toledo were in Arabic and of a Greek origin
13- the time in interpreting is curical
14-سؤال عن تعريف الثقافة بنظر الجنديAlJindi

15- سؤال عن الـ Morphology covers the structure of the word
16- Arabic unlike English have a dual form in addition to singular and plural form
17- person category relates to the notion of participants roles

18- the aim of translation is accuracy and economy

[مدام الفهد]

اسئلة العام الماضي

the orgin of the word translation is the Latin word

the orgin of the word translation "translates"

the dictionary meaning of the English verb" to translate" is to express or be capable of being expressed in another language or dialect.

one looks at it is an art especially when the scholars of the last century where preoccupied with translation of the literary text as a pass time

what is a good translation?

" that in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs . as it is by those who speak the language of the original work".

model of communication is a model of translation.

It is the re-encoding process which marks the bilingual translator off from the monolingual communicator.

q Memory : contains ‘records’ of past experiences, has plans for action on the basis of what we know

and what we have done.

Translators must be good at storing experiences in memory, and atretrieving those experiences whenever needed to solve complextranslation problems.

Grammaticalcompetence:

knowledge of the rules of the code, including vocabulary and word formation, pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure.

What are the primary characteristics of a good translator ??

Reliability - Timeliness- Ethics - Speed - Memory - ProfessionalPride:

The English word theory was derived from a technical term in

Ancient Greek philosophy

*In modern science the term "theory", or "scientific theory" is generally understood to refer to a proposed ‘explanation’ of empirical phenomena’

Theory.It exists in the mind.

It must be Empiricism 1-It must be testable.

It must be Determine 2-It must be able to predict

It must be Parsimony 3-It must be simple

It must be Generality 4-It must be comprehensive

The six elements of translation

1- The Source Language

2-The Source Text

3-The Translator

4-The Translated Text

5-The Language of Translation

6-The Target Language

The Source Language (SL)

which the text to be translated belongs.

Process of Translation

complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator.

Word-for-word translation

interlinear translation

1- Literal translation

The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context

1- Semantic Translation

Faithfull translation is uncompromising and dogmatic while Semantic translation is more flexible

Adaptation

plays(comedies), poetry stories, where the themes

1- Free Translation

paraphrase much longer than the original.

1- Idiomatic Translation

affixed figurative expression

1- Communicative Translation

render the exact contextual meaning of the original

Only semantic and communicative translation fulfil the two main aims of translation, which are first accuracy and second economy.

Culture is ‘the way of life

1. Ecology : flora, fauna, winds, plains, hills; ‘honeysuckles’, ‘downs’, ‘plateau’

2.

Material culture: (artefacts) (food, clothes, houses and towns, transport

Islam almost looks at Learning a foreign language as a religious duty

· Muhammad, The Prophet of Islam, (PBBUH) sent a message to Hercules, a Roman military leader at that time, written on a piece of animal skin.

·

Works on philosophy, medicine, engineering, music and logic were translated from Greek into Arabic

while works on astronomy, art, law, history and music were translated from

Persian into Arabic.

Yūĥanna bin Batriq’s method, the literal way

Ĥunayn bin Isĥaq’s method –the free way

· Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1789, he brought along with him translators and interpreters to help him communicate with Egyptians with regard to political, social and administrative affairs.

·

Translation took the form of an independent movement & thrived as Mohammad Ali was very interested in learning about European civilization

it would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time

“The Period of translation

· When Arab learning declined, Toledo in Spain replaced Baghdad and started to attract the attention of Western translators.

·

As the works held in Toledo were in Arabic, and of a Greek origin

Interpretation was used before translation as a means of communication between people of different languages.

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/seven/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] Mechanical aids:

This involves the use of type-writers, dictating machines, photocopying machines, etc.

It was born during World War 1 & held in French.

[IMG]file:///C:/Users/seven/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] Other forms of interpreting include:

* Business Interpreting,* Court Interpreting, * Community Interpreting

*Signed Language Interpreting.

1. The focus in interpretation is generally on ideas.

What is Translation Memory Technology TM

q TM allows the translator to store translations in a database and ‘recycle’ them in a new translation by automatically retrieving matched segments (usually sentences) for re-use.

q The word is “the smallest unit of language that can be used by itself.”

1- Idioms and fixed expressions

q are frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form and in case of idioms, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from their individual components:

q Grammar is organised along two main dimensions

morphology and syntax:

1- Morphology

covers the structure of words, the way in which the form of a word changes to indicate specific contrast in grammatical system:

2- Syntax

covers the grammatical structure of groups, clauses and sentences:

the linear sequences of such classes of words, such as nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives, and functional elements such as subject, predicator and object which are allowed in a given language.

- The form of the verb in such languages indicates two main types of information: time relations and aspectual differences.

q AlJundi (1982) makes a distinction between culture and civilisation: “the former involves beliefs, customs, traditions, laws, value-systems, etc. Whereas the latter generally involves progress and development at the level of scientific inventions, technology, industries, education, etc.”

[منوّوور]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة ام يزن 1920

a- an independent movement and thrived
حركة مستقلة ومزدهرة..

شكررررا ام يزن الله يوفقنا وياك

[مدام الفهد]

The origin of the word „translation‟ is the Latin word „translatus‟ which means „transferred‟.

The dictionary meaning of the English verb „to translate‟ is „ to express or be capable of being expressed in another language or dialect

According to Bell, a good translation is “that in
which the merit of the original work is so completely
transfused into another language, as to be as
distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a
native of the country to which that language
belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of
the original work.”

we can say that any model of communication is a model of translation

• It is the re-encoding process which marks the bilingual translator off from the monolingual communicator.

Memory : contains „records‟ of past experiences, has plans for action on the basis of what we know

Target Language knowledge (TL)
Text-Type knowledge
Source Language knowledge (SL)
Subject-area knowledge
And contrastive knowledge

Grammatical competence: knowledge of the rules of the code, including vocabulary and word formation, pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

What are the primary characteristics of a good translator? تعداد فقط

theory was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy

In modern science the term "theory", or "scientific theory" is generally understood to refer to a proposed „explanation‟ of empirical phenomena

Theory.
It exists in the mind.


1. Empiricism It must be testable.
2. Determinism It must be able to predict
3. Parsimony It must be simple
4. Generality It must be comprehensive

The six elements of translation
1- The Source Language
2- The Source Text
3- The Translator
4- The Translated Text
5- The Language of Translation
6- The Target Language

The Source Language (SL)
It is the language to which the text to be translated belongs.

The Language of Translation
It is an abstraction obtained via the study of translated texts.

What is the Process of Translation
It is a complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator.

Source Language Emphasis
Word-for-word translation
Literal Translation
Faithful Translation
Semantic Translation

Target Language Emphasis
Adaptation
Free Translation
Idiomatic Translation
Communicative Translation

Literal translation
- The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.
حاول تفهم انواع الترجمة فهم فهم وفرق بينهم عشان تثبت المعلومة

Adaptation
- This is the „freest‟ form of translation.
- It is used mainly for plays(comedies), poetry stories, where the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved.


Free Translation
It is usually a paraphrase much longer than the original.

two main aims of translation,
which are first accuracy and second economy

هذي الاسئلة الى المحاضرة 7

[مدام الفهد]

واجبات سابقه



-1-

Being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as
a science
a craft
an art
a profession


-2-
Translation is considered as
a model of explanation
a model of communication
a model of representation
a model of information


-3-
The memory of the translator is like
a container of good time memories only
a container of records of academic information only
a container of records of future events only
a container of records of past experiences and plans for action


//

Translation theory - homework 2

-1-
Translator’s grammatical competence includes
Cohesion in form
Coherence in meaning
Utterances in context
Vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

-2-
In modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to
a declaration of success in empirical science
a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena
a practical illustration of empirical phenomena
an empirical investigation of a real world problem

-3-
As one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that
it must be to able to predict
it must be testable
it must be simple
it must be comprehensive

//


السؤال الاول:
1 - 1) If you want to emphasize the Source Language in translation, you need to use

communicative translation
adaptation method in your translation.
idiomatic translation
semantic translation

السؤال الثاني:
2 - 2) Free translation is usually

a paraphrase much longer than the original
a paraphrase as long as the original
a paraphrase shorter than the original
a paraphrase which is the same as the original

السؤال الثالث:
3 - 3) The term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

traditions and habits
activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains
religious rituals and artistic features

السؤال الرابع:
4 - 4) It would be no exaggeration to call Muhammad Ali’s time

The Period of Civilization
The Period of Translation
The Period of Communication
The Period of Enlightenment

[مدام الفهد]

من الارشيف



جبت لكم الـ 3 أسئله اللي ذكرها الدكتور بالمحاضرهـ المباشرهـ الأخيرهـ وهي مثال لأسئلة الإختبار

^^^ الجواب في الشريحة 19 ( B ) مثل ماذكر الدكتور

بالتوفيق إن شاء الله :)