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E7 English Literature Students level seven Forum |
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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
2017- 11- 25 | #41 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Quintilian ßæäÊíáíÇä
he was the leading teacher of rhetoric in Rome. He wrote the Institutio as a help in the training of orators. ÇáãÚáã ÇáÑÇÆÏ Ýí ãÌÇá ÇáÎØÇÈÉ Latin authors used poetry and literature for two things only: ÇÓÊÎÏã ÇáßÊÇÈ ÇááÇÊíäíä ÇáÔÚÑ æÇáÇÏÈ áÓÈÈíä To improve eloquence ÊØæíÑ æÊÍÓíä ÇáÈáÇÛÉ To sing the national glories of Rome and show off its culture. áÛäÇÁ ÇáÇãÌÇÏ ÇáæØäíÉ áÑæãÇ æÇÓÊÚÑÇÖ ËÞÇÝÊåÇ |
2017- 11- 25 | #42 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
ÔÌÚ ãäÙæÑ ÇáÔßáííä ãä ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇáÇÏÈ
Formalism defined its project as the study of literature: ãä ÚÏÓÉ ãæÖæÚíÉ æÚáãíÉ . From a scientific and objective perspective |
2017- 11- 25 | #43 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Which school of criticism developed the concept of "Defamiliarization"?
ãÇåí ãÏÑÓÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÊí æÖÚÊ ãÝåæã Defamiliarization - ÇáÔßáíÉ ÇáÑæÓíÉ Russian Formalism Russian Formalists wanted to: ÇáÔßáíÉ ÇáÑæÓíÉ ÇÑÇÏÊ . Develop a science of literature ÊØæíÑ Úáã ÇáÇÏÈ |
2017- 11- 25 | #44 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Vladimir Propp was a Russian Formalist who studies:
ÈÑæÈ ßÇä íÏÑÓ Fairy Tales ÇáÍßÇíÇ ÇáÎÑÇÝíÉ In his study of fairy tales. Vladimir Propp established: Ýí ÏÑÇÓÊå ãä ÇáÍßÇíÇÊ ÇáÎíÇáíÉ ãÎÕÕ áÝáÇÏãíÑ ÈÑæÈ ÇäÔà 7 ÇäæÇÚ ãä ÇáÔÎÕíÇÊ Seven character types æ ÇØáÞ Úáì ÇáÇÍÏÇË ÇÓã ÇáæÙÇÆÝ æßÇä ÚÏÏåÇ 31 íÌí ÓÄÇá æØÇÆÝ ÝáÇÏíãíÑ ÊÎÊÈÑ äÙÑíÇÊå Úáì russian fairytales ÍßÇíÇÊ ÑæÓíÉ ÚÇã 1960 ÇÞÇã ÇáÔßáíæä ÇáÑæÓ ÇáãÏÑÓÉ Çá ÈÑæÛ ........... æÞÏãæÇ äãæÐÌÇ ááäÌÇÍ ÇáÇÏÈí ÇáÈäíæí ÇáÝÑäÓí Structuralism- íÍÏÏ ÇáÊÔßíáíæä ÇáãÚäì ÇáÇÏÈí Ýí the port ÇÞÊÑÍ ÇáÔßáíæä ÇáÊãííÒ between the literary (or poetic) use of language and the ordinary Èíä ÇáÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÇÏÈí æ ÇáÔÚÑí æÈíä ÇáÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÚÇÏí Çæ ÇáÚãáí ÈÇááÛÉ |
2017- 11- 25 | #45 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
ßÊÇÈ ÇáÚÕæÑ ÇáæÓØì ÇãËÇá Dante ÇÚÊÈÑæÇ Çä ÇáÛÉ
divinely Creation ÎáÞ Åáåí ÇãÇ Lorenzo Valla ÞÇá human Creation ÎáÞ ÇäÓÇäí . The central tactic in the attack on the monopoly of Latin was the production of grammar books for the vernacular ßÓÑ ÇÍÊßÇÑ ÇááÛÉ ÇááÇÊíäíÉ ßÇä äÊÇÌ ßÊÈ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ááåÌÉ ÇáÚÇãíÉ ÇáÏÇÑÌÉ |
2017- 11- 25 | #46 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
1960 ãËá ãÇ ÞáäÇ ÙåÑÊ ÇáÈäíæíÉ Ýí ÇáÇÏÈ Ýí ÝÑäÓÇ
Structuralism in literature appeared in France in the 1960s ÚäÏãÇ íæÞÝ ÇáÑÇæí ÇáÊÑÊíÈ ÇáÒãäí ááÓÑÏ áíÓÊÍÖÑ ÇÍÏË Úä ÇáãÓÊÞÈá future ãä ÇáÓÇÚÉ ÕÝÑ íÓãí Ðáß Prolepsis æáßä ÚäÏãÇ íæÞÝ ÇáÑÇæí ÇáÊÑÊíÈ ÇáÒãäí ááÓÑÏ áíÊÐßÑ ÇÍÏÇË ãä ÇáãÇÖí past ãä ÇáÓÇÚÉ ÕÝÑ íÓãí Ðáß Analepsis ØíÈ ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÇËäíä ßáåã ÓæÇÁ ÊÐßÑÊ Çæ ÇÓÊÍÖÑÊ ÇÓãíåÇ Anachronies " ÇáÇäÇßÑæäíÒ |
2017- 11- 25 | #47 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Genette distinguishes three kinds of focalization:
ÌíäíÊ íãíÒ ËáÇË ÇäæÇÚ ãä æÌåÇÊ ÇáäÙÑ Zero focalization Internal focalization External |
2017- 11- 25 | #48 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Roland Barthes: “The Death of the Author”
ÑæäÇáÏ ÈÇÑÊÒ Structuralism is interested in the conventions and the structures of the literary work. ßÇäÊ ÇáÈäæíÉ ãåÊãÉ ÈÇáÊÞÇáíÏ æÇáåíßá ÇáÚãá ÇáÇÏÈí ÞÇá ÑæäÇáÏ idea of the “author” is a modern invention. Çä ÝßÑÉ ÇáßÇÊÈ ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä ÇÎÊÑÇÚ ÍÏíË The birth of the reader has a cost: the death of the Author æáÇÏÉ ÇáÞÇÑÆ áåÇ Ëãä æåÐÇ ÇáËãä ãæÊ ÇáãÄáÝ Barthes wants literature to move away from the idea of the author in prder to discover the reader, and more importantly, in order to discover writing. ÇÑÇÏ ÈÇÑÊÒ Çä íäÊÞá ÇáÇÏÈ ãä ÝßÑÉ ÇáÊãÍæÑ Íæá ÇáßÇÊÈ áÇÌá ÇßÊÔÇÝ ÇáÞÇÑÆ æÇáßÊÇÈÉ Barthes rejected the idea that literature and criticism should rely on “a single self-determining author, in control of his meanings, ÑÝÖ ÈÇÑÊÒ ÝßÑÉ Çä ÇáäÞÏ æÇáÇÏÈ íÌÈ Çä íÚÊãÏÇä Úáì ãÄáÝÐæ ÞÑÇÑ ÔÎÕí Ýí ÇáÊÍßã ÈãÚÇäíå ... It is now known that a text is not a line of words realising a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God) but a multi- dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash. ÇáäÕ áíÓ ÓØÑÇ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí ÊÞæã ÈÊÍÞíÞ ÑÓÇáÉÇáãÄáÝ Èá ãÓÇÍÉ ãÊÚÏÉÉ ÇáÇÈÚÇÏ Ýí ÇáßÊÇÈÉ , áÇÔí ÝíåÇ ãÈÊßÑ , ããÒæÌ Çæ ãÊÖÇÑÈ |
2017- 11- 25 | #49 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
Michel Foucault:
ÕÇÍÈ “What is an Author ãä íßæä ÇáßÇÊÈ ¿ "author function" is more like a set of beliefs or assumptions governing the production, circulation, classification and consumption of texts. ÊÚÑíÝ æÙíÝÉ ÇáßÇÊÈ |
2017- 11- 25 | #50 |
ãõÊãíÒÉ ÈÇáãÓÊæì E7
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ÑÏ: ãÌáÓ ãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáäÞÏ ÇáÃÏÈí
æÝÞÇ GreimasÇä Actantial Model íäØÈÞ Úáì
all literature ÚÏÏ ÇáãßæäÇÊ Ýí ÇáäãæÐÌ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ áÜGreimas actants ÓÊÉ |
ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ) |
ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 1 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 1) | |
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ÇáãæÇÖíÚ ÇáãÊÔÇÈåå | ||||
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