[ النظام الأفتراضي ] : ܟ♥ ( التجمع النهائي للنقد الأدبي والنظرية / د.فوزي سليسلي/ الأختبار الأحد 24.7.1437 - فترة أولى ) ♥ܟ

[كارزما]

اسئلة مهمه والربط بين الاسئلة والجواب

37-In Narrative Discourse, Gerard Gennette defines the
"time of the story" as:

A- The time in which the author is writing the story
B- The time in which the story happens
C- The time in which the story is being told
D- The time in which the story is being read

38-In Narrative Discourse, Gerard Gennette defines the
"time of the narrative" as :
A- The time in which the author is writing the story
B- The time in which the story happens
C- The time in which the story is being told
D- The time in which the story is being read

39-Gerard Gennette calls "narrative order" :
A- The relationship between the time of the story and the
time of the narrative
B- The relationship between the time of the story and the
time of the reading
C- The relationship between the time of writing and the time
of reading
D- The relationship between the time of fiction and real time

[كارزما]

According to Aristotle, tragedy has:
A. Six parts
B. Twelve parts
C. Twenty parts
D. Thirty parts
ارسطو قسم التراجيديا الى 6 اقسام الاجابه A

(43) A good plot, says Aristotle, should have:
A. Entertainment
B. Music and dance
C. Beginning, middle and an end
D. More than one story
الحبكه الجيده كما قال ارسطو انها انه لها بدايه ووسط ونهايه
الاجابه c

(44) Formalism defined its project as the study of literature:
A. From a scientific and objective perspective
B. From a religious perspective
C. From a political perspective
D. From an economic perspective

التشكيله عرفت ببأن مشروعها -- دراسة الادب من منظظظور علمي وموضوعي
الاجابه هي ِA

(45) Which school of criticism developed the concept of "Defamiliarization"?
A. Greek and Roman critics
B. French Structuralism
C. Post-structuralism
D. Russian Formalism

هالاجابه -- مو متأكده منها ---
(46) Russian Formalists wanted to:
A. Promote Russian literature
B. Translate Russian literature
C. Develop a science of literature
D. Mix science and literature
الشكليه الروسيه كانت تريد ---- تطوير علم الادب ---c

(47) Vladimir Propp was a Russian Formalist who studies:
A. Novels
B. Fairy Tales
C. Plays
D. Short stories
فلاديمير بروب -- هو من الشكليه الروسيه ويددرس -- الحكاااايات الخرااافيه --- الاجابه b

(48) In his study of fairy tales. Vladimir Propp established:
A. Twenty character types
B. Sixty character types
C. Thirty-one character types
D. Seven character types

في دراسته للحاكااايات الخرااافيه -- فلاديمير اسس --- 7 خصائص

[كارزما]

-Ars Poetica is a treatise on poetry by :
A- Plato
B- Aristotle
C- Horace
D- Cicero
هذا حفظ صم -- وهو هوراس ---- الاجابه c

2- "Captive Greece took its wild conqueror captive. "The conqueror was:
A- England
B- France
C- Russia
D- Rome
هوراس هنا قال هذي المقوووله وطبعا يقصد الرومان الاجابه -- D


3-Medievel and Renaissance authors like Dante considered language to be :
A- A human creation
B- A divine creation
C- A government creation
D- A product of chance

دااانتي ---- اللغه قال انها الااهيه الاجابه B
4-In the Renaissance, Lorenzo Valla broke with tradition and considered language to be :
A- A human creation
B- A divine creation
C- A government creation
D- A product of chance

لوريز فيلا --- قالت انها نسانيه -الاجابه A

5-It was during the Renaissance that the monopoly of Latin as the sole language of instruction and education was broken. The weapon that humanists used to break that monopoly was :
A- Books of literature
B- Poems that praised the vernacular
C- Grammar Books
D- Criticism

كيف كسروا الاحتكار اليوناني يعني سلاحهم كان كتب القواااعد -- الاجابه C

[كارزما]

-During the Renaissance, Humanist critics relied heavily on theories of imitation that …. Developed :
A- In Rome
B- In Greece
C- In Europe
D- In the Muslim world

عصر النهظه والنقد الانساني اعتمد بشكل كبير على محاكاة ---- الرومان --الاجابه A

7-In literary criticism, formalism is the attempt to make the study of literature :
A- Formal and serious
B- Scientific and objective
C- Fun and entertaining
D- Educational and interesting

في النقد الادبي - الشكليه هي محاوله الى جعل دراسة الادب -----علميه وموضوعيه << جابها باالاختبار الي قبل بس كان كاتب من منظور علمي موضوعي -- المحهم الاجابه B

8-The aim of Russian Formalism was :
A- To encourage Russians to write more literature
B- To establish formalism as a respectable school of literary criticism
C- To establish literary scholarship as a distinct and autonomous field of study
D- To show the relevance of linguistic theory to the study of literature

هدف الشكليه الروسيه ==إنشاء المنح الدراسية الأدبية كمجال متميز ومستقل في الدراسة- الاجابه هي c

9-Formalists located literary meaning in :
A- The poet
B- The poem
C- The figures of speech
D- The impact of the poem on the reader

الادب في الشكليه هو يعني شعري --الاجابه A

10-Formalists proposed to make a distinction :
A- Between prose and poetry
B- Between ancient and modern poetry
C- Between poetic language and ordinary language
D- Between Russian poetic language and English poetic language

الشكليون اقترحوا تمييز -- اللغه الشعريه والعاديه -- يعني الاجابه --c

[كارزما]

-when a narrative stops the chonological order to bring events or information from the past ( of the time zero ), it is called :
A- Analepsis
B- Prolepsis
C- Anachrony
D- Flashback
----- هذا السؤال حفظ في المحاضره الثامنه وانا نزلت ملخص للمحاضره الثامنه اهم النقاط الي
المهم في الماضي --Analepsis-- يعني هنا الرااوي يتوقف لسرد احداث او معلومات من المااضي -- الاجابه هي ٍA

12- when a narrative stops the chonological order to bring events or information from the future ( of the time zero ), it is called :
A- Analepsis
B- Prolepsis
C- Anachrony
D- Flashback
هنا عكس الي فوق يقوم الكاتب بتوووقع احداث راح تصير له في المستقبل -- Prolepsis --- الاجابه هي ٍB


13-Genette distinguishes three kinds of focalization :
A- Internal, external and zero focalization
B- Simple, complex and compsite focalization
C- First, second and third degree focalization
D- Small, medium and large focalization

جينيت ميز الــ focalization -- بثلاث انواع مهمه هي Internal, external and zero focalization -- الاجابه هي ٍA


14-What are the two issues that Gerard Gennete says traditional criticism confuses under "Point of View":
A- Plot and characters
B- Writer and narrator
C- First-person narration and third-person narration
D- Narrative voice and narrative perspective
النقد التقليدي كما يقول جينيت يخلط بين مسألتين تحت وجهة النظر هو سرد الصصصصوت -وومنظووور السرد -- يعني الاجابه هي ٍC


15-According to Roland Barthes, "a text is not a line of words realizing a single 'theological' meaning (the 'message' of the Author-God) but :
A- " a space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."
B- " a ground in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."
C- " a multi-dimensional in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."
D- " a uni-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash."
هذا مو متاكده منه --- هو في المحاضر ه التاسعه بس مالي خلق ادور تععتب ههه
الاجابه حاطينها C

16-Roland Barthes rejected the idea that literature and should rely on :
A- A single method of reading that everyone should follow
B- A single self-determining author, in control of his meanings
C- A single school of criticism to interpreta all the texts
D- A single philosophy of language to use for literary criticsm
هنا بارث -- رفض فكرة الادب وان يعتمد على مؤلف ذو قرار نفسي في التحكم بمعانيه والتي تحقق نواااياه فقط --- الاجابة هي ٍB

17-Barthes wants literature to move away from the idea of the author in order to discover :
A- The power of literature
B- The hidden meaning of the text
C- The intentions of the author
D- The reader and writing
بارثز اراد ان ينتقل الادب من فكرة الكاتب " المؤلف ال اكتشاف ---قارئ وكتتاااابه معااا -- الاجابه هي ٍD


18-According to Michel Foucault, the "author function"is :
A- A set of belief that the author encodes in his text for the reader to find
B- A set of criteria the reader applies to understand the opinion of the author in the text
C- A set of criteria used in bookstores to organize books on the shelves
D- A set of beliefs governing the production, circulation, classification and consumption of text

من خلال ميشيل فوكولت -- وظاائف الكاتب ---- الانتاج - والتداول والتصنيف واستهلاك النص --D

[كارزما]

هذا السوال رقم 42 من اسئلة الترم الاول
مالقيته في الملزمة وكرره في الترمين
According to Richard Mabark, European writers knew Greek works
A- Directly by reading them
B- From Arabic translations
C- By hiring Greek translators
D- Only through the praise of ( Roman ) Latin authors
معناه ان الكتاب الاوروبيون عرفوا الاعمال اليونانية فقط من خلال ثناء الرومان للكتاب اللاتينيين

[كارزما]

What is the number of the actants in Greimas's Actantial Model ?
A- Six
B- Ten
C- Sixteen
D- Twenty

سته عدد النماذج الي بس ابي اعرف لك هذا التعريف Actantial model -- الكيان الفاعل او الكيان البطولي --
والي اقترح هذا النموذج هو جيريمس --- -- وطبعا استند الى نظريه فلادييمير بررووب -- وطبعا هذا النموذج له ست عناصر وتسمى -actants


20-A.J. Greimas says we can apply the Actantial Model on :
A- Short stories
B- Novels
C- Plays
D- All literature


21-Mimesis-Diegesis is a literary distinction that was first formulated by :
A- Shakespeare
B- Aristotle
C- Quinintilian
D- Plato
هنا طبعا اخترنا افلاطون لأنه في كتابه الاول book III - republic -- Mimesis-Diegesis
والكتاب الثاني ناقش فيه bookX -Republic --- the pan poets poetry ---


22-Poetry, Says Plato, is dangerous and ought to be banned from the state because
A- Poetry makes people lazy
B- Poetry cripples the mind
C- Poetry makes people weak in math
D- Poetry teaches people to rob and steal

ليه حظر افلاطون الشعر--- لأنه يعتقد انه الشعر يخرب العقول -- يشلها عن التفكير

23-Without a system of writing, how does a society preserve and transmit its knowledge, its customs and its traditions ?
A- They hire writers from another society
B- They use poetry and songs
C- They use videotape
D- They use word of mouth
اذا ما كن عندنا نظام للكتابه كيف راح يحافظ وتنقل المعرفه في المجتمع --- طبعا عن طريق الشعر والغناء


24-Which critics said: "And narration may either simple narration, or imitation, or a union of the two" ?
A- Ibn Rushd
B- Aristotle
C- Horace
D- Plato

افلاطووووون

[كارزما]

The Greek term for "art" and its Latin equivalent (ars) refer to :
A- The fine arts
B- The sciences
C- The crafts
A- All kinds of human activities which we would call crafts or sciences


مصطلح الفن --في اليونانينه "art " وفي اللاتينيه "ars "هنا السؤال يقول ترجع لـأيش نقول لجميع النشاطات الانسان والتي يطلق عليه حرف او علوم
26-Aristotle defined what as " imitation of an action " ?
A- Poetry
B- Tragedy
C- Films
D- Music
ارسطو نحط مع التراجيديا ---- "imitation of an action


27-Tragedy causes pity and fear in :
A- The writer
B- The audience
C- The actors
D- The hero
هنا ليه اخترنا الجمهور -- طبعا لأنه الجمهور يتصور نفسه فيها من خلال السبب والنتيجيه
because the audience can envision themselves whitin the cause and effect


28-What genre of literature does Aristotle say have six parts
A- The novel
B- Comedy
C- Tragedy
D- Epic poetry
قلنا قبل الشيء الوحيد الي مع ارسطو هو التراجيديا --- بس تذكرت معلومه عن ارسطو انه قيصر الادب واسم كتابه poetics ---المهم الست اقسام هي plot- chracter -diction- thought- spectacle melody


29-What is it that, according to Aristotle, should have a beginning, a middle and an end ?
A- The characters
B- The setting
C- The themes
D- The plot
من مواصفات الحبكه هي ان تكون في البدايه والوسط والنهايه -
لاحظت هذا الاختبار كثره او نقول اغلب شيء ركز ع المحاضره 1 + 2 + 3 + 6+7 +8 --

30-The most accurate definition of the " plot " in Aristotle's theory of tragedy is :
A- The events of the story
B- The arrangement of the events in the story
C- The arrangement of the hero's action in a cause- effect chain of incidents
D- The arrangement of the events in a cause-effect chain incidents
الحبكه نظام --الاحداث فيه سبب ونتيجه --
31-"Literariness," according to Jan Mukarovsky, consists in :
A- The maximum of foregrounding of the utterance
B- The minimum of foregrounding of the utterance
C- The maximum of backgrounding of the utterance
D- The minimum of backgrounding of the utterance
هذي المحاضره السابعه -- طبعا من خلال الخيارات كلها خطأ ما عندا الاولى حتى لو ما درسنا ههه
32-In poetry, said Jakobson, the communicative function should be :
A- Reduce to minimum
B- Increased to a maximum
C- Completely eliminated
D- Used moderately

33-Vladimir Propp tested his theories on :
A- Renaissance drama
B- American short stories
C- English novels
D- Russian fairytales


-----
هذولا العلماء بالمحاضره السابعه
- Mukarovsky نربط مع الابراز – واصلا من اسمه مايكروسكوفي --<< بس عشان افهم ما عليكم من النطق -- المهم يتكلم عن = maximum of foregrounding معناه الابراز – ابرز في الكلام والتعبير

- نجي للثاني شكلوسفكي Shklovsky – اصلا من اسمع كل شيء غريب ""strange" dis-automatization وغير مالوف – وبعد وصف الشعر بانه تراقص الاعضاء اللفظيه

- نجي للثالث –Jakobson-- عاد ما عرفت اربط شيء معه – وعلى سيرة الربط الوظيفه التواصليه له –انخفظت الى احد يعني – reduced to minimum


- وطبعا لا ننسى انه عرف موضوع الادب – وقال انه مو كله ادب – يعني the subject of literey scholarship is not in its totality but Literariness (liiteratunost) – which make of given work work literature

- وفيه بعد شخص عرف موضوع الادب ايكنباوم – Eichenbaum—قال انه علماء الادب يجب عليهم العنايه بشكل منفصل بتحقيق السمات المميزه للمواد الادبيه يعني-- The literary scholar ought to be concerned solely with the inquiry into the distinguishing features of the literary materials

-
- بعد عندنا اثنين مفكرين تأثروا في الشكليات الروسيه –influence on thinker
- Mikhail Bakhtin and Yuri Lotman, and on structuralism

[كارزما]

-

البنيوية أو مدري وش أسمها = Structuralism
Strated in France in the 1960s - 20th
بدأت في فرنسا بالقرن العشرين .
مكتوب عندي التاريخ مهم قلت بنزله للتذكير

- المحاضرة الثامنة


The only imitation ) mimesis ( possible in literature is the imitation of ......... where the exact words uttered can repeated/reproduce/imitated
A. Actions
B. Sentences
C. Worlds
D. All false
أربطوا السؤال بالجواب عشان ما تنسونها



-

هذا بالمحاضرة التاسعة أتوقع :
The Text is plural, - A tissue of quotations -
هو نسيّج من الأقتباسات

[كارزما]

Literariness," according to Jan Mukarovsky, consists in :
A- The maximum of foregrounding of the utterance
B- The minimum of foregrounding of the utterance
C- The maximum of backgrounding of the utterance
D- The minimum of backgrounding of the utterance




Mukarovsky == اسمه مايكروسوف == عاد الي اسمه ممايكروسكوب خخ < المهم
-- احفظوه maximum foregroundingكل حاقه كبيره -- يعني لما نشوف الميكروسكوب نشوف كل شي كبير --