[ مذاكرة جماعية ] : موضوع مميز♥ܟܟ♥ ( التجمع النهائي لعلم اللغة النفسي / د.محمد المعيلي - الخميس 21-7-1437 ( فترة اولى من 4.15 الى 6.15) ♥ܟ

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شرح الـ Gaps & Fillers ..


One function of the syntax is to move elements of a sentence

من عمليات بناء او تركيب الجمله هي نقل بعض من عناصر الجمله من مكانها.،

An element that has been moved is called a filler, and it has left a gap at its original position

العنصر الذي يتم نقله يسمى بالـ "Filler" ., والمكان الي يتركه (مكانه قبل النقل) يسمى بالـ"Gap" ..

مثال (من المحتوى):
Mike drove the red car
?Which car did Mike drove

GAP
FILLER

the red car راحت وجت مكانها which car ..

مثال من عندي :

The boy is eating his apple
? (مفروض هنا قلنا الولد بس هذا المكان الي تركه فنسميه قاب) Who is eating the apple

GAP
FILLER

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code-switching (switching between two languages in one conversation)

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اكتساب الاطفال للغه
عندنا3 مراحل .،
قبل ماينولد الطفل لين يكمل 12 شهر وهي على قسمين (لمى يكون الطفل ببطن امه و بين عمر 0-12 شهر) .، وبين 12-24 شهر .و ومرحله ماقبل المدرسه ..


Before birth to 12 months:
قبل ماينولد الطفل لين يكمل 12 شهر:

Before birth:
اول شي قبل الولاده :
- Hearing begins to develop at around 18 weeks
سمعه يبدا يتطور في الشهر 18 وهو ببطن امه.،

- Soon after the development of hearing, the fetus starts to respond to auditory stimulation.
وبعد مايتطور سمعه يبدا يستجيب لآي نشاط سمعي .،

- Hence, it can be argued that humans’ sensitivity to language start even before birth
وبسبب هذا الشي صار موضوع بدء الانسان بالسمع قبل ماينولد قابل للنقاش .،

From birth to 12 months:
من الولاده لين يكمل 12 شهر:

- Infants have had access to the general prosody (the rhythm and intonation) before they were born
الجنين صار مدرك بشكل عام للطبقات الصوتيه (النغمات ولحن الكلمات) قبل ماينولد..

- Thus, they are able to recognize their mother’s voice
وبسبب هذا فالرضع يقدرون يميزون صوت امهم.،

- Most children start to discriminate many phonemic contrasts at this stage
اغلب الاطفال يبدون يميزون اصوات الحروف بهذا العمر.،

- Babbling: Infants start to babble (i.e. produce consonant-vowel strings) after the 6th month.
البربره : الرضع يبدون يبربرون من عمر 6 شهور يعني لمى يبدون يقولون ببببببببببببــــــــ .، اممممممم .،

From 12 months to 24 months:
من 12 لين 24 شهر:

- Children spend a few months in the holophrastic stage (one-word stage). One word, such as milk,
can be used to convey the meaning of an entire phrase.
يكونون الاطفال وقتها بمرحله الكلمه الوحده .، وهذي المرحله تكون لمى يقصدون معنى جمله كامله بكلمه وحده بس..
مثل:
حليب - يعني انه جوعان .، سرير - يعني يبي ينام .. الخ

Pre-school years:
مرحله قبل المدرسه:

Vocabulary spurt: Soon after the child leaves the holophrastic stage, vocabulary acquisition speeds up rapidly.
In average, the child acquires from 4 to 8 new words everyday in his/her pre-school years.
مرحله اكتشاف المفردات: بعد مايترك الطفل مرحله الكلمه الوحده .، يبدا مخزون المفردات عنده يتوسع بسرعه ويكتسب كلمات جديده بمعدل 4-8 كلمات باليوم الواحد ..

ان شاء الله وضحت الفكره ..

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أنتبهوا هذا السؤال بأسئلة الترم إللي فات:

42) Bilingual mode involves:
A- Using more than one language in the same converstion
b- Using one languahe only in the same converstion
c- Being able to speak one language
d- Non of the above

هنا قال Bilingual mode ما جاب طاري Code-switching
لأنه لو قال كذا بيسهل علينا الأجابة

ركزوا وكذا

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احفظوا ترتيب مراحل

Stages of Speech Production (Planning):



اول مرحله هي :

Accessing the lexicon (lexical retrieval)

طريقه اسهل عشان تحفظونها:

1- Accessing the lexicon (lexical retrieval)
اكسيس معناها دخول فانتي اول شي تدخلين ..

2- Building simple sentence structure:
بعدين تبنين شي بسيط ..

3- Creating agreement relations:
قامو ناس عجبهم بناءك واتفقتي معهم وصرتو اصدقاء ..

4- Building complex sentence structure:
عاد تطورتي وصرتي تبنين اشياء معقده ..

5- Preparing a phonological representation
هينا عاد تستعدين انك تلقين خطابك لانك نجحتي وكيذا ..

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من اسئلة الواجب

document how a language is actually used by its native speakers
(Prescriptive grammars
(Descriptive grammars
(Psycholinguistics
Neurolinguistics

……………………………………. is the actual use of linguistic knowledge
(Linguistic competence
(Linguistic performance
(Language creativity
(None of the previous items is right


Language processing is subconscious, this means
(It happens without the mental capacities being fully active
(The mental capacities have to fully active during language processing
(Language processing is not necessary when speaking
(None of the previous items is correct

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من أسئلة الواجب


Lexical entries are organised ………. in the brain
(according to their meaning and sound
(alphabetically
(according to length of the word
(chronologically



The tip of the tongue phenomenon means
(being unable to remember words due to head injury
(being unable to produce words due to head injury
(remembering some details about a word, but not the word itself
(remembering the meaning of a word in short-term memory


Lexical decision and priming experiments are conducted to
(Check peoples’ fluency
(Check peoples’ response to potential threats
(Check peoples’ communication skills
(Check peoples’ access to lexical entries

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من أسئلة الواجب

Which of the following is not an indication that a communication system is based in the biology of its users
(Being species specific
(Being universal to members of the species
(Being made of sounds and symbols
(Being affected by the environment


Aphasia is
(A language impairment following an injury to the brain
(Language fluency
(Language accuracy
(None of the previous


Supra-segmental information in the signal may include features like:
(Variation in duration
(Variation in pitch
(Variation in stress
(All of the above


Working memory is
(Speech production
(Speech perception
(Long-term memory
(Short-term memory

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? How to observe hidden linguistic processes
(Slips of the tongue (morphemes & the mind
(Vocabulary experiments (e.g. lexical decision, the priming paradigm

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الأسئلة الموجودة في المحاضرات مهمه :

L. 3

Choose the right item:

In psycholinguistics, one thing we can learn from the tip of the tongue phenomenon is that:

a) Lexical entries are easy to forget

b) Lexical entries are organised alphabetically in our mind

c) Entries are grouped in the mind (e.g. according to their meaning and sound)

d) Entries are stored independently in the mind

L. 4

Response latency is:

a) The time it takes the respondent to complete a lexical decision task

b) The Accuracy of the respondent’s answer

c) Deciding that the stimulus is an English word

d) Deciding that the stimulus is not an English word

L. 5

• Language is based in the biology of humans, because:

• A. Language is species specific

• B. There are universal aspects of language

• C. There is an age restriction for acquiring the first language

• D. All of the previous items are correct

L. 7

• The holophrastic stage is:

A. Before birth

B. Between birth and 12 months

C. Between 12 months and 24 months

D. After 24 months

L. 8

• People start to develop discourse ability in their late childhood, this includes:

A. Taking turns in conversations

B. Crying to express anger

C. Laughing to express joy

D. None of the previous is correct

L. 9

• Lexical retrieval is

A. A stage in language perception

B. A stage in language production

C. A vocabulary experiment

D. None of the previous is correct

L. 10

• Knowledge of the phonemic inventory of a language is

A. Not necessary for perception

B. Necessary for perception

C. Necessary for production

D. Both B and C

L. 11

• Before lexical retrieval, bound morphemes are

A. Kept

B. Removed from the word they are bound to

C. Only kept if they are derivational morphemes

D. Only kept if they are inflectional morphemes

L. 12

• The parser:

A. Computes relations between words

B. Prefers simple structures

C. Responds to morpho-syntactic violations differently

D. All of the previous items are correct

L. 13

• Which of the following helps the listener in perceiving the signal:

A. Lexical information

B. Prosody

C. Non-linguistic information

D. All the previous items are correct

L.14

• Working memory is:

A. Long-term memory

B. Short-term memory

C. Short-term and long-term memory

D. None of the previous is correct

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misuse of language :

Mistake

- wrong sentences
- native speakers

Error

- Lake of knowledge
- Nonnative speakers and students

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لا جـاكم هذا SLA في الأختبار لاتخترعون
هو أختصار لـ
Second Language Acquisition



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إذا شفتوا LAD فهو أختصـار لـ Language Acquisition Device
جهـاز أكتشاف اللغـة